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Women's rights in ottoman empire
Women's rights in ottoman empire
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Because of the war women gained the right to vote to vote. In 1946, the multiparty era began. A military junta seized power and governed from 1960 to 1961. In 1961, a new constitution was ratified, and elections began. The 70’s were a time of political violence and economic uncertainty. Because of this, in 1980 a second junta was formed, which instituted martial law and abolished all political parties. The second junta was dissolved because of a new constitution, adopted in 1982. Turkey then became a republican parliamentary democracy. The country of Turkey is a republic led by an elected president, which is similar to our country. Their president is H. E. Ahmet Necdet Sezer. He is the commander- in- chief of the armed forces, he is presiding officer at cabinet meetings, and the head of state. The Executive branch is made up of the chief of state, which is President Ahmet Necdet Sezer; the head of government is Prime Minister Bulent, who represents the majority party or coalition in Parliament. The cabinet consist of Council of Ministers appointed by the President. The cabinet members are nominated by the Prime Minister and elected by the President. The President of Turkey is elected by the Grand National Assembly for a seven year term. All citizens over 20 years old are entitled to vote. The legislatue of the country is the Grand National Assembly, which is the Parliament of Turkey. They have the power to make laws, ratify treaties, and declare war. But unlike our Congress they are an unicameral legislature. This means that they only have one house of legislature. The Grand National Assembly consist of two chambers, the National Assembly and the Senate. The National Assembly consist of 450 members, who are elected for 4 year terms by the people. The Senate has 150 members, plus 40 others who are not elected, but appointed as members for life. The elections were last held April 18, 1999. The seats held by varies parties are subject to change due to defections, creation of new parties, and ouster or death of sitting deputies, as of January 1, 1999. They receive their power from the Constitution of 1982. The Assembly is headed by the Prime Minister, Bulent Ecevit. Parliament in Turkey’s electoral system are elected according to the proportion of votes they attract, rather then with the most votes won. A party needs 10% of the national vote before it can be considered for a seat in Parliament.
Thanksgiving, traditionally, is a time of gathering families together to express our gratitude for one another over a large roasted turkey. According to the Huffington Post, one fifth of the total 235 million turkeys eaten in the United States are consumed on Thanksgiving Day (1). There are a number of different theories on how the turkey got its name. Some people say that Columbus thought that the land he discovered was connected to India which was known for having large flocks of peacocks. When he saw these strange large birds he thought they were related to the peacock family so he named them Tuka, which means peacock in the language of India (2). Others say that the name came from Native American’s calling them Firkee, which was later adapted to Turkey (2). Another theory is that the birds did not come directly from the New World to England. Instead, they came via merchant ships from the eastern Mediterranean Sea which were called ‘Turkey Merchants’ because a lot of the area was a part of the Turkish Empire at the time. Purchasers of the birds back home in England thought the fowl came from the area so they called them ‘turkey birds’ and soon after just ‘turkeys’ (2).
As a representative of the Algo ethnic group, I want to say that our people would like the new state to introduce a parliamentary system of governence. Parliamentarism is a system of government in which the head of government is elected by and accountable to a parliament or legislature. One could rightfully ask: What is our reasoning for desiring this? We think it is justified because in presidential systems the populace at large votes for a chief executive, who is the President, in a nation-wide election. This is revenant as the Algo comprises the minority of the population of the Republic of Jarth, which consists of only 1.1 million representatives in the whole state, compared to that of 2.9 million Randies, 3.8 million Dorfas and 2.2 million Takas living in the Republic of Jarth. One can reasonably assume that the outcome will most likely be that the cumulation of the majority’s vote will hinder the representation (in numbers) of the members of the minority in office. Subsequently, the Algo will have to live under the control of a leader from another ethnic group again, which the Algo members tremble at the thought of because we are proud of their ethnicity and do not wished to be shamed for it. On the other hand, in parliamentarism, the first step is an election of members of parliament, which are the political parties. This is imperative since it will allow the Algo to be able to choose the party we really share interests with....
Discussions of which constitutional form of government best serves the growing number of democratic nation’s are being debated around the world. In the essay “The Perils of Presidentialism”, political scientist, Juan Linz compares the parliamentary with presidential systems as they govern democracies. As the title of Linz’s essay implies, he sees Presidentialism as potentially dangerous and sites fixed terms, the zero-sum game and legitimacy issues to support his theory. According to Linz, the parliamentary system is the superior form of democratic government because Prime Minister cannot appeal to the people without going through the Parliament creating a more cohesive form of government. By contrast, a President is elected directly by the
17 May 1787 -. The Senate is composed of 100 Members, 2 from each State, who are. elected to serve for a term of 6 years. Senators were originally chosen by the State legislature. This procedure was changed by the 17th amendment to the Constitution, adopted in 1913, which made the Constitution. election of Senators a function of the people.
In the diet, there are 512 members of the House of Representatives, chosen from 130 election districts, with one exception elects from 3 to 5 representatives. Each voter has one vote, but 3 to 5 candidates who receive the largest amount of votes are elected, and serve for 4 years unless the parliament is dissolved before the term expires. The house of Counselors consists of 252 members who are chosen for 6-year terms, where they most likely will serve their full term.
Within parliamentary systems, the government i.e. the legislature consist of the political party with the most popularly elected Members of Parliament (MPs) in the main legislative parliament e.g. the House of Commons in the United Kingdom. The Prime Minister is appointed by the party to lead as the executive decision-maker, and the legislature work to support and carry out their will (Fish, 2006). In presidential systems, the President is directly elected with the support of their political party, with the legislative being separately elected and, in the case of the United States, being made up of representatives from different states (BIIP, 2004). This essay will provide examples to suggest that Presidents are generally more powerful than Prime Ministers. As two of the oldest forms of parliamentary and presidential governments (Mainwaring and Shugart, 1997), the United Kingdom and the United States will be the main focus of this essay, but other parliamentary and presidential countries will be mentioned.
Atatürk's legacy also survives in the Turkish military, which sees itself as the guardian of Turkish nationalism and secularism. Kemalist officers staged coups in 1960 and 1980 in defence of what they saw as the principles of Atatürk against corrupt politicians, and even today the moderately Islamist government of Recep Tayyip Erdogan has to tread carefully on issues such as Cyprus and Kurdistan for fear of offending Kemalist sentiment in the military. The power of the army and the authoritarian Kemalist strain in Turkish politics remain obstacles to Turkey's acceptance into the European Union.
For years, countries have had different legislatures bicameral and unicameral. The features of each legislatures are distinct from one another. It even accounts to various vices and virtues. Both legislatures exist in various countries in the world. The reason to which varies in each place. Legislatures are essential for a society to perform politically well. However, the political structure of every nations varies thus, there exist no simple generalization. The structural arrangements of different legislatures are distinct in relation to their number of chambers available. (Danziger, J. N. (1996))
In a presidential system when all of the elections are complete the elected members are basically assured a full term of service in the government. The only way that an official can be removed from government is if an illegal act has been committed, through impeachment. In a parliamentary system, however, the people of the nation have the ability to vote a person in the government out of office if they are not satisfied. The opposition in the government are also able to vote someone out of office, in what is called a vote of no-confidence. If a member i...
The concept of parliamentary political system was rooted in 1707 of Great Britain; the word derives from ‘parley’, a discussion. It was used to describe meetings between Henry III and noblemen in the Great Council (Szilagyi, 2009). It was originated in British political system and is often known as the Westminster model as it was used in the Palace of Westminster. It became influential throughout many European nations later in the 18th century (Smith, 2010). Countries with parliamentary systems are either constitutional monarchies such as the United Kingdom, Denmark, Australia, and Canada or parliamentary republics such as Greece, India, Ireland and Italy (McTeer, 1995). The parliamentary type of government is known for its three distinctive features; first, executive is divided into the head of state and the head of government, they are independently elected forming a dual executive; second, the fusion of ...
... local elected representatives elect the members of the Senate. Parliamentary elections consist of an electoral system that involves two rounds. In the first round, candidates obtain election by gaining a majority of votes cast. Round two consists of two or more candidates facing off in a runoff.
Turkey’s economy has weathered some spectacular pratfalls in the past, with a major economic crisis in 2001 almost bringing the country to its knees. What’s different in 2004 from the previous "recoveries" is how committed Turkey is to establishing firm economic footing once and for all. The government is swallowing the International Monetary Fund’s painful economic medicine, making tough choices for fiscal discipline.
Egypt as a state; their politics are organized under a multi-party semi-presidential system, where the executive power is divided between the President and the Prime Minister. Egypt also holds regular multi-party parliamentary elections; which is separated by the Parliament of Egypt, The People’s Assembly, and the Consultative Council as described by...
This fusion of power allows the people’s representatives in the legislature to directly engage the executive in debates discussion in issues that will bring positive development in the state. This is not possible in the presidential system since the legislative and the executives arms are constitutionally separated and thereby restricted to engage the legislature in a discussion in which reasons are advanced against some proposition or proposal. The outcome is that party leaders in parliamentary system are more reliable than those in presidential systems. Presidential systems have turned the aim of electoral campaign into personalities rather than platform and programs because the focus is on the candidate and not on the party in general. But parliamentary systems on the other hand focus much more relating structured they do not do anything outside the scope of the party. We can compare the quality of leadership or administration in British, Canadian prime minister to the United State president. In all the country presidential system of government are chosen because people think been a good leader is by popularity and the ability to win election not minding if the candidate is fit for the task of presidency. But in parliamentary system, the person that has high quality of leadership competent enough and trustworthy is