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cultural factors in negotiation
Cultural Dimensions: The Five-Dimensions-Model according to Geert Hofstede
the influence of culture in negotiation
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The cultural dimension can help to identify what sort of differences may occur in each of the dimension. Knowing this is beneficial to deal with the difference across culture and try to find alternatives to solve the issue. For the purpose of this reflection, I would like to focus on the cultural dimension of Geert H. Hofstede (2001), which are power distance, individualism, uncertainty avoidance and masculinity.
2. Theoretical reflection
First, power distance is a situation in which people acknowledge that there is different status between them (Geert H. Hofstede, 2001). People from a high power distance country tend to pay attention in hierarchical position and so they should act respectively in a relation between superiors and subordinates. While low power distance countries may encourage equalities among people with different level of employment. Therefore, there is a contrast between countries with high and low power distance, which should be understood when people will try to interact across culture.
Second, individualism is the extent to which people would prefer to be known as her or himself rather than a group (Geert H. Hofstede, 2001). A country with low individualism level may disregard personal performance,
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In a high masculinity country, male may be gotten higher position than female as male is perceived to be stronger than female. On the other hand, female may get bigger opportunity for top positions in the low masculinity countries, where gender gap is minimal or may not exist at all. The implication in the cross-cultural negotiation setting that a female representative from low masculinity countries may face difficulty to negotiate with a male representative from high masculinity countries. This is not necessarily because their position is not the same but it is a matter of perception or the way of viewing gender
Ayse K. Uskul is a Reader at the University of Kent. She has a Ph.D. in Social/Personality Psychology from York University. Her main focus research interests are Culture and Ethnicity (Social Psychology Network. ,n.d.). Socio-cultural perspectives, focuses on social behavior based off of people’s culture. (PSY 530 Lecture1, 2016). In one of Ayse K. Uskul studies, she discusses the difference between East Asia, North America, and Western Europe people (culture wise). The objective of the study is to understand
The first of the four dimension of Hofstede’s theory of national culture is power distance. Hofstede stated that, ‘the essential issue involved, to which different societies have found different solutions, is human inequality’ (1980; 92). An outstanding aspect of inequality is the amount of power each individual exercises or can apply over others with power being illustrated as the amount in which an individual is able to impact other individual’s thoughts and performance (Hofstede, 2015). Within societies, inequality in power is expected. This inequality in power is typically characterized in hierarchical employer-employee relationships. Power distance, is the degree that less powerful members of organizations inside a nation anticipate and
(1994). Beyond Individualism/Collectivism: New Cultural Dimensions of Values. In U.Kim, H.C. Triandis, C. Kagitcibasi, S. Choi & G. Yoon (Eds.). Individualism and Collectivism: Theory, Method, and Applications. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, pp. 112-115.
A study comparing Hofstede’s dimensions of culture (Wall, Minocha & Rees, 2011) and Trompenaars dimensions shows the different levels of culture, which includes Individualism versus Col...
Individualism in today’s society is the “belief that each person is unique, special, and a ‘basic unit of nature’.” The individualism concept puts an “emphasis on individual initiative” where people act independently of others and use self-motivation to prosper. The individualists “value privacy” over community the individual thrives to move ahead in life (U S Values).
word, ‘Kadampa’, ‘Ka’ refers to Buddha’s teachings, and ‘dam’ to Atisha’s special the stages of
When I reflect back to the beginning of this semester I am astonished at how much I have learned. English 124 has been a real eye opener for me. Not only have I grown as a writer, but it has challenged me to become more of a critical thinker. In the class we have read many articles on diverse topics, studied theories of history’s greatest philosophers of education, and wrote various styles of papers.
Coming into this semester, my expectations for this class were non-existent. Sadly enough, I lacked understanding of a baseline definition of anthropology, so it seemed impossible for me to formulate speculations as to what the course would comprise. With that said, I couldn’t have been happier with the direction in which I chose to proceed in taking this class. Interestingly enough, the human evolution portion of the class aided me in sucking up to my structural biology professors by answering their question about the species name of a distant relative from Siberia, the Denisovans. Overall, this course has opened my eyes to the species we call our ancestors, the different complex societies that have arisen from the Stonehenge people of England
The first dimension, power distance index (PDI), refers to the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. In a society, an individual exhibiting a high degree of power distance accept hierarchies where everyone has a place without the need for justification. Societies with low power distance however, seek the equal distribution of power. In organization
Everyone comes from a different cultural background. Many of us though, never really stop to think about what defines our own, I, myself included. This is important to do though, so one, we can know ourselves better, but also so we can start to understand other cultures as well. Surrounding the idea of culture are the concepts of ethnicity, class, gender, age, and belief, each of which I will be reflecting upon.
Hofstede has identified five different cultural dimensions. These dimensions include power-distance, individualism/collectivism, masculinity/femininity, uncertainty avoidance and lastly long term orientation. According to Hofstede, power distance is the first dimension which translates to how all individuals in a society aren't equal and there is a decent amount of inequality when it comes to the division of power. The second dimension involves the theme of individualism which translates to the degree of interdependence as well as how we identify ourselves in terms of "I" or "We". Additionally, Hofstede states that in individualist societies we tend to look only after ourselves and our blood family, however, in collectivistic societies individuals identify themselves as part of groups and take care of each other in exchange for loyalty. The third dimension would be masculinity/ femininity. A high score would translate to a masculine culture which demonstrates a culture driven by competition, achievement and success. On the other hand, a low score which demonstrates a feminine culture shows that the dominant traits involves caring for others and quality of life. The fourth dimension involves uncertainty avoidance which translates to how a society deals with not knowing how the future is going to turn out. This amount of vagueness brings about anxiety and different cultures deal with this issue differently. The fifth and final cultural dimension according to Hofstede is long term orientat...
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