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Interest groups in politics
Interest groups in politics
Interest groups in politics
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In 1968, the Center for Study of Responsive Law was founded by a Lebanese-American beginning a successful crusade against unchecked industry practices and bureaucratic government agencies focusing on a variety of environmental, consumer and worker health and safety issues. The creation of an organization to represent the people as a whole, or the public interest, was a bold, innovative development in American politics at the time. It began a much-needed qualitative reform of the Industrial Revolution characterized by the empowerment of the consumer through informative engagement holding business, government and other powerful institutions accountable to the American people. It has been almost 50 years since Nader’s example empowered citizens across the nation, to doubt, question, and fight for the public interest paving the way for thousands of groups to continue and expand that cause, and today, the public-interest group is one of the last functional elements of our political system able to affect policy and regulation with only the good of the general public in mind; what constitutes “good for the general public” remains subjective, but within that context certain public interest groups stand out with regard to their morality, effectiveness, and the broad nature of their issues as reflected by bi-partisanship and cooperation with other public interest groups.
Citizens for Tax Justice’s role in tax reform began in 1984, when a Nader-trained lawyer, Robert McIntyre, found that 128 corporations had avoiding paying federal income taxes based on data extracted from their respective annual business reports. After the media grabbed on to a report issued by Citizens for Tax Justice called “The Top Ten Corporate Freeloaders”, for the f...
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...6 tax reform debate on the hill, the Senate Finance Committee, unknowingly, was ready to endorse a less liberal tax credit for the working poor than that favored by the House; the Center, in one day, produced a three-page memo proving the poor would be hurt and gave the senators a simple alternative to solve the problem, which ended up being utilized.(4) Today, the Center focuses on fiscal issues, low-income programs, taxes, outreach campaigns, social insurance programs, and reporting poverty and income trends in an effective, realistic manner. “In a political environment rife with ideological warfare and poisoned by partisanship, the Center’s knack for getting things done sets it apart from . . .well, from just about everybody else in Washington.”(5) Giving a voice to poverty is or should be in line with our economic, social, and moral values and responsibilities.
Linda Gordon's article is thoughtful, insightful and highly relevant. As governments slash poverty relief programs at all levels and as welfare-bashing reaches an all-time high, it is instructive to take a step back and look at how the current system developed.
Whether or not to keep or discard the Bush era tax cuts for the wealthy, give tax breaks to the lowest tax bracket, and even throwing out the entire current tax code and replacing it with a simpler version, tax code and tax law has been a very controversial topic for the past few years. As it stands, the current tax code has over seventy two thousand pages, compared to the four hundred pages it had in 1913. There are many different stakeholders in this debate including taxpayers, corporations, businesses, etc. Americans for Tax Reform (ATR) is an organization that was “founded in 1985 by Grover Norquist at the request of President Reagan”(.N.p.). Their goal is to create and advocate for a simple flat tax,“...on the belief that they will provide a strong stimulus to investment, employment, and output” (Stokey 1). They promote their organization and represent taxpayers in all fifty states. Along with tax reform, ATR also advocates for individual health care, free trade, and spending transparency (.N.p.). Using very simple and easy to understand images, ATR is able to convey their goals and get information across to the general audience that visits their website.
The Industrial Revolution was a booming age for the United States that, though it brought many improvements in technology, caused many controversial events to take place.. Through the story Life in the Iron-mills, Rebecca Harding Davis proves the negativity of the factories from the Industrial Revolution. She proves this from personification, symbolism/metaphors, and also visual imagery. Rebecca Harding Davis proves through her writing, that the effect of industrialism in not pretty.
Last weekend, while attending Lexington, KY’s Southland Christian Church, I received an invitation to attend a “Poor Man’s After-Tax Dinner.” Located on a 115-acre plot that occupies a stretch of the rapidly disappearing farmland between Lexington and Jessamine County, Southland will host the gala, which includes a catered meal and a performance by the Dale Adams Band. On the church’s website, an announcement for the event asks, “Did you have to pay when you filed taxes? This month’s Gathering is designed to help you to forget your IRS woes.”[1] The After-Tax Dinner will minister to those still reeling from the April 15th deadline, and, with any luck, it will foster solidarity among Southland’s flock, the majority of whom are members of the tax bracket whose wallets ache most severely after just having rendered unto Caesar the money that belongs to him.
Throughout the 19th century, industrialization was a turning point in the United States that led to huge changes in society, economics and politics. The incoming growth of factories had positives and negatives effects. Two specific changes were the new government regulations and the increasing immigration. These changes were extremely important because they settled the bases of the country.
Krugman points out how despite the obvious and ever growing gap between the rich and middle class in terms of wealth increase, Republicans tend to vote for tax cuts for the rich and for decreases in funding for programs that benefit the middle and lower classes of society, such as Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid. Cutting funds for these services puts the middle and lower classes at even more of a disadvantage than they already were. Meanwhile, the rich receiving more tax cuts means they receive more money, furthering the economic wealth gap and increasing the money they can spend to influence politics. Krugman suggests the solution to the problem is increasing taxes on the
Kinsley, Michael. “Tax Reform in Plain English. Honest!” Time 9 Dec. 2002: 58. Academic OneFile. Web. 31 Mar. 2011.
Essentially, interest groups use many different tactics to accomplish their central goals but this paper will detail 2 of them. The first being lobbying, which is the act of persuading businesses as well as government leaders to help a specific organization by changing laws or creating events in favor of that group. Interest groups use this technique by hiring someone to represent them and advocate their cause to on the behalf of the entire group. These hired representatives usually have more than enough experience within the political field and are able to persuade connections within the government for help with their concerns. This method gets a lot of criticism because although lobbyist offer their input to government officials on pending laws, they only look at what is favorable for their cause. When trying to make a difference you have to not only reflect on your argument but on the side affects of that argument as
The “advocacy explosion” in the United States in the 20th century has been caused by the extreme increase in the number of interest groups in the United States. The general public views the increase and the groups themselves as a cancer that has come to the body of American politics and is spreading. The explosion in the number of interest groups and interest group members and finances has had an effect on the decline of the American political party and partisanship, the effect on democracy and the public interest, and the bias that has come with interest group competition.
...elp the working middle class from falling into poverty or to help the working poor rise out of poverty. Furthermore the working poor themselves lack the knowledge and power to demand reform. David Shipler says it best when he writes, “Relief will come, if at all, in an amalgam that recognizes both the society’s obligation through government and business, and the individual’s obligation through labor and family —and the commitment of both society and individual.” (Shipler 5786-5788) It is time for America to open its eyes and see the invisible working poor.
The pluralistic scholar David Truman notes that “the proliferation of political interest groups [is] a natural and largely benign consequence of economic development” (Kernell 2000, 429). That is, as American economic development increases, in the form of industry, trade, and technology, factions are produced in order to protect special interests. Factions have a large platform on which to find support from various political parties, committees, subcommittees, and the courts, as well as federal, state, and local governments (Kernell 2000, 429).
...th what little they have, however; why is it left to the poor to have to suffer the consequences of these political choices. The persistence of extreme poverty and social ills speak to a situation that bears for a different approach. It is clear that capitalism and free market solutions cannot spread wealth as advocated. American governments have shown their reluctance to admit this discrepancy through the strategic creations of welfare policies and welfare reform coupled with placing blame upon the citizens who possess little power to change market decisions that govern and effect their lives.
p. 1). Additionally, Anderson stated that public policies collectively have accomplished a great deal. Even though some policies have low visibility, policies are still made where the consumers are benefit. For example lawsuits against job discrimination under the 1964 Civil Rights Act. Whatever their shortcomings, public policies have done much to improve the quality and comfort of modern life in the United States “ (Anderson, 351-352).
The evils of the Industrial Revolution in england were addressed in many ways in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The Industrial revolution changed the lives of many people. Most people believe the Industrial Revolution was bad for both the people and environment of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Some believe that one of the worst parts of the Industrial Revolution was child labor. Children were very small and easy to order around without being stood up to. Children were also being paid very low wages. Most children worked 16 hour days with only a 40 minute break which most were unable to eat because they were so unwealthy. This all changed when the " Health and Morals Act" came into effect in 1802 which declared that "The minimum age of employment shall be 9 years." and "The working day for children under fourteen shall be limited to twelve hours. Another act which helped the work conditions of children was the "Factory Act of 1833" which declared "No person under 18 years of age shall be allowed to work in the night in or about any cotton, woolen, linen, or silk mill or factory where steam, water, or any other mechanical power is used to work the machinery."
...r safeguards to protect the interests of the consumer. The FDA, for example, did not exist at the turn of the 19th Century. There were no regulations or laws to protect the environment. People were generally at the mercy of businesses, large and small, that could make claims about their products and services even if these claims were misleading or untrue. The activism in the beginning of the consumer movement was revolutionary, because this activism introduced and established the idea that consumers have rights and must be treated justly by business. Consumer activism is no longer a revolutionary idea, but it is more prevalent than it was fifty years ago. Consumer activism, in this day and age, actually is ubiquitous. Now, we think of consumer activism as a normal part of business. We buy Consumer Reports, check the Internet to compare products and prices, and engage in political activism for the purpose of preserving consumer rights. Moreover, businesses have become much more sensitive to the needs and wants of consumers. Consumer reaction has a great impact on the way that companies operate today, and business have learned that consumers wield great power in today’s marketplace.