Crowdsourcing as defined by Wikipedia is “is the practice of obtaining needed services, ideas, or content by soliciting contributions from a large group of people, and especially from an online community, rather than from traditional employees or suppliers. This process is often used to subdivide tedious work or to fund-raise startup companies and charities, and can also occur offline. It combines the efforts of numerous self-identified volunteers or part-time workers, where each contributor of their own initiative adds a small portion to the greater result. The term "crowdsourcing" is a portmanteau of "crowd" and "outsourcing"; it is distinguished from outsourcing in that the work comes from an undefined public rather than being commissioned from a specific, named group.” (Wikipedia 5/4/2014). The definition is further refined by Jeff Howe of Wired magazine as follows: “Simply defined, crowdsourcing represents the act of a company or institution taking a function once performed by employees and outsourcing it to an undefined (and generally large) network of people in the form of an open call. This can take the form of peer-production (when the job is performed collaboratively), but is also undertaken by sole individuals. The crucial prerequisite is the use of the open call format and the large network of potential laborers.” (Brabham 76) One think Jeff Howe later clarifies in his definition that isn’t included in the Wikipedia definition is “it is only crowdsourcing once a company takes that design, fabricates [it] in mass quantity and sells [it]. (Brabham 76) Howe’s clarification might have been accurate in the classic sense in 2006, but non-profit organizations have been using crowdsourcing as well to solve problems th...
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... Daniel Veit. "More than Fun and Money. Worker Motivation in Crowdsourcing - A Study on Mechanical Turk." Proceedings of the Seventh Americas Conference on Information Systems (2011): 1-11. Web.
5. Naroditskiy, Victor, Nicholas R. Jennings, Pascal Van Hentenryck, and Manuel Cebrian. "Crowdsourcing Delimma." University of Southampton National Information and Communications Technology Australia (2014): 1-15. Web.
6. Schenk, Eric, and Claude Guittard. "Crowdsourcing: What Can Be Outsourced to the Crowd, and Why?" University of Strasbourg Graduate School of Science and Technology (2009): 1-29. Web.
7. Thomas, Stuart. "9 Examples of Crowdsourcing, before ‘crowdsourcing’ Existed." Memeburn. N.p., 15 Sept. 2011. Web. 4 May 2014.
8. Youden, Diane, Jean Lee, and Justin Angsuwat. "Harnessing the Power of Crowdsourcing." PWC Advisory People and Change (Summer 2011): 1-8. W
Kahn states that his book is for the “rabble-rousers, activists and quiet lovers of justice.” I would consider myself as the “quiet lover of justice” however, I have a notion to do more. During my volunteer experience in Buffalo, NY, I joined and remained part of community organizing groups and coalitions, the Erie County Coalition Against Domestic Violence, VOICE Buffalo, and People United for Sustainable Housing (PUSH) Buffalo. In these organizations, I attended general meetings and public meeting events, signed petitions, joined public rallies and rallies in NY State capital, and volunteered services at fundraising events. While participating in these community organizing groups, I observed the organizers’ leadership and techniques in increasing the levels of personal and collective power, and how that allowed for change in the community.
Surowiecki, James. The wisdom of crowds: Why the many are smarter than the few and how collective wisdom shapes business, economies, societies, and nations. New York: Doubleday, 2004. Kindle edition
Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds: Why the Many Are Smarter than the Few and How Collective Wisdom Shapes Business, Economies, Societies, and Nations. New York: Doubleday, 2004. Print.
Crowdsourcing involves collecting ideas from social events such as fundraising, gatherings, for the purpose of change or innovation. Pisano, P., Pironti, M. & Rieple, A. (2015) believe companies target unorganized settings for crowdsourcing. In the medical field, conferences are often held where new ideas, technologies and strategies and shared among colleagues. These conferences range from $200.00 to $2,000.00 depending on the complexity of the topic.
The topics featured in Gandy’s article focuses on the notion of “racially coded data” (1) and how the data is translated into information that may or may not be put to the greatest use. Meaning that targeting certain races with a number of issues with the intention of aiding them, May actually cause more harm than help. He tries to argues that “racial statistics have not only come to represent the distribution of life chances in ways that continue to place African Americans down the bottom of the pile” (5) and then follows on by illustrating “some of the ways in which many of the same statistics are used to ensure that their status is less likely to improve” (5). He mentions this idea of a ‘racial disparity’ focusing on African Americans alone discussing racial coding as and what he calls the ‘panoptic sort’ have become ‘discriminatory technology and then states that how it “operates to the detriment of segments of the population” (7).
The participants lived in the San Francisco Bay area. The participants were recruited through newspaper ads, posted notices, and referrals from a variety of institutions.
Employees are not the only people whose information interest companies. To a far greater extent, businesses are looking to gather data on their users and the market in general. User data collection has become one of the most important components of market research. For example, online retailers can use data collected from a consumer’s purchase to target advertising on products that the consumer is most likely to buy....
Love, James, and Tim Hubbard. "Paying for public goods." Code: Collaborative ownership and the digital economy (2005): 207-229.
Social computing has to do with computations carried out by groups of people for instance in collaborative filtering, online auctions, prediction markets and reputation systems.
Tomeski, Edward, Lazarus, Harold, People-Oriented Computer Systems: The Computer in Crisis, New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co, 1975
Motivation is the force that transforms and uplifts people to be productive and perform in their jobs. Maximizing employee’s motivation is a necessary and vital to successfully accomplish the organization’s targets and objectives. However, this is a considerable challenge to any organizations managers, due to the complexity of motivation and the fact that, there is no ready made solution or an answer to what motivates people to work well (Mullins,2002).
Fanselow, Julie. “Community Blogging: The New Wave of Citizen Journalism.” National Civic Review 97.4 (2008): 24-29.
There has been a surprising change in society, which computer engineering has brought about . The Internet in particular is changing every activity of our daily lives. Today just about every advertisement on television, radio and in print carries a web address. It is not unusual for consumers to research a purchase on the Internet before buying. Websites offer thousands of pages of detailed information. Chat rooms and news groups attract many people with opinions t...
...l future report. University of Southern California Annenberg School Center for the Digital Future. Retrieved July 18, 2006, from http://www.digitalcenter.org/pdf/Center-for-the-Digital-Future-2005-Highlights.pdf
Gabbel, Alfred S. "How the Internet Changed Our World." Science and Technology June 2004: 73-75.