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Essays on organized crime in canada
Organized crime in terms of criminological theories
Effects of organized crime
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“I don’t trust society to protect us, I have no intention of placing my fate in the hands of men whose only qualification is that they managed to con a block of people to vote for them.” This quote from The Godfather, which is famous for glorifying the Mafia, reflects the concerns of criminology within organized crime. Using ideas from Sutherland, Rawls and Nussbaum, one might argue that the relationship between organized crime and the governance relating to it plays a significant role and influence on society.
The Criminal Code of Canada defines organized crime as a group of three or more people who have the main purpose of committing offenses that would result in the “receipt of a material benefit” by the group. Section two of the Code declares criminal organizations to be any group, formally or informally organized, consisting of five or more people. In 2014, Hell’s Angels were declared a criminal organization by Manitoba and later, Ontario and Quebec. Moreover, this designation only affects provincial crimes against gang members, not federal laws, such as drugs and violent crimes. It allows the crown to eliminate the delay of calling evidence forward to prosecute gang members.
Other strict forms of legislation against criminal evidence include Bill C-95 and Bill C-24.
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Organized crime is a major problem in monetary terms and it costs the loss of billions of dollars every year. Organized crime violates our basic Canadian right to peace, quality of life, personal security, corruption in our political system and governments. Furthermore, weak governments and societal structures are arguably some of the root causes of organized crime. Organized society brings forth organized crime and heavy laws further promote it. The government responds to the violence related to organized crime with strong security measures while paying less attention to the causes of these
Through the first chapter of this book the focus was primarily on the notion of controlling crime. The best way to describe crime policy used in this chapter is comparing it to a game of ‘heads I win, tails you lose’. This chapter also addresses the causes for decline in America’s
Organized crime is a collective result of the commitment, knowledge, and actions of three components: (1) Criminal groups, who are core persons tied by racial, linguistic, ethnic or other bonds; (2) Protectors, who are persons who protect the group’s interests; and (3) Specialist support, which are persons who knowingly render services on an side-job basis to enhance the group’s interests. In order to thrive, an organized crime group needs many different elements. First, it needs an ensured continuity of members, clients, supporters, funds, etc. Additionally, it needs structure, criminality, violence, memberships based on common grounds, and a willingness to corrupt a power and profit goal. Generally, mafia organized crime groups disguise themselves behind the ownership of a legitimate business to avoid questioning from the Internal Revenue Service (I.R.S.) regarding any financial sources. The ille...
Organized crime takes many forms, from low-level street violence committed on city streets to white collar crime and fraud perpetrated in corporate settings. It is not surprising then, that one of the key problems pertaining to organized criminal activity in Canada is the convoluted legal definition of organized crime. Indeed, there remains little to no consensus as to what organized crime and criminal organizations should be defined as, how the presence of said crime should be measured, and what types of policies and strategies should be implemented to remove this problem from the Canadian criminal justice landscape.
In any type of society from hunter/gatherer tribes to post industrial nations there are rules and regulations that must be followed for the safety and benefit of said society. Over the centuries these rules have become more rigid and concrete and have transformed into strict laws that all who wish to exist in that society must follow and obey or face severe punishment. The laws are a supposed codification of social norms that all those in the society feel are common practices we must abide by and follow. The laws are created to prevent chaos from erupting amongst the people and to keep order and balance by punishing those who disobey therefore deterring others from also committing such acts. The sole existence of law is for the protection of society and the protection of those in the functioning society. Law however can also lead to the erosion of conventional societal norms and in fact put many individuals in severe danger, specifically laws that are seen as unfavorable amongst the majority of society. Unjust laws and oppressive ruling can have several unexpected consequences on a society such as revolution which much like what the American colonists did in the late 18th century decided to break away from their overbearing monarchy and form a new society with a different set of norms and laws. At the beginning of the 20th century however, a new form of response to unjust laws was born and created mayhem in major cities across the nation, the rise of Organized Crime and the underground market. Society itself has created these forms of crime through the implementation of certain laws and allowed violence and destruction to manifest in opposition to that or a specific group of social rules. Whether it was the rise of gangs in the 1...
For more than a decade, crime rates in Canada have been declared as steadily declining in correlation to the published rates of Police Reported Crime (PRC). Whilst there is the argument that the crime rates in Canada is factually falling, there is an armada of hypotheses that would disagree. For an individual to make a statement of how to maintain this trend, it would mean they would first need to be in agreement with the proposal that the cause of shrinking crime rates are due to the actions of the Canadian Justice System. In order to continue to be a successful justice system, Canada would benefit most by relying on old and new methods that both stand by important values, and adapt to current crime trends and effective punishments. This paper seeks to explore the various components linked to crime rates as well as make recommendations on how to maintain the trend Canada is seeking.
The Australian Crime Commission’s (ACC) 2011 report (the report), “Organised Crime in Australia”,1 provides a valuable contribution to the public discussion of organised crime in Australia. The report discusses the context against which organised crime takes place and also describes the various forms and enablers of organised crime. In addition, the report asserts two primary points: that organised crime poses a threat to Australia’s national security, and that it is both more complex and more diffuse than ever before. Yet the report could be interpreted as exaggerating both the novelty and level of the threat posed by organised crime. Neither of these is an unforgivable feature of the report and, indeed, are probably to be expected from the government agency saddled with the responsibility for coordinating the Australian Government’s response to organised crime. (It is not breaking any new ground to suggest that government agencies seek to safeguard their financial base and support by “massaging” the import of the problems they each face.) Despite this last fact, the accuracy of the report’s two primary claims is questionable.
Hornick. J, Macrae, L., Mellor. B., Pauls. M.,(2005). Youth Gangs in Canada: Preliminary Review of Programs and Services. Retrieved from http://library.mtroyal.ca:2053/lib/mtroyal/docDetail.action?docID=10111707
When we look at the modern changes in the way organized crimes is developing on a global scale and its influence to one’s narrative in seeking economic freedom in order to provide for our families. Organized Crime has been a contributor to the dehumanization of access to our human rights. For example Human Trafficking has been around ancient to contemporary slavery (Lyon 2006) and is still in existence today it has become beneficial to a lot of criminal intenders who exploits free labour by luring hundreds of Canadian women and children into prostitution every day. This shows an example of slavery been intractable to globalized economics, as slave labour in the global South touches many products consumed in the North. (Bales, 2007; Charle,
It is a sad fact of life that crime is everywhere – in cities, in suburbs, in country towns; committed by the poor, the desperate, the greedy, and, yes, by the rich, too. We must accept that the level of crime in the society is inversely proportional to the vigilance with which we fight it. Policing the streets and chasing criminals is just part of the settlement. The police can only do so much to impede crime. It is up to every individual to make the difference, and there is plenty that you and I can do.
Peter Maas declares organized crime the “biggest business in the country” (Maas). “The largest and best known organized crime group is the nationwide organization variously known as the ‘syndicate’, the ‘mob’, the ‘Mafia’, and the ‘Cosa Nostra’” (Nash, Jason O-155). Some activities of the Mafia include gambling, loan sharking, pornography, illicit drugs, and racketeering. The Mafia began in Sicily, but did not retain to just that one location. In fact, in the late nineteenth century many of the Sicilian members immigrated to the United States (Nash O-155). The Mafia in the United States contains members that are Americans with Sicilian ancestry (“Mafia” M-48). There are several Mafia groups in the United States. Law enforcement authorities agree that there are around twenty-five groups that operate in large cities across the nation (Nash O-155).
I would define organized crime as crime that is committed by a group of people who intend to use violence and corruption through a strategized plan to obtain or provide illegal goods (Mallory, 2012). The goal is to gain a profit for the organization (Mallory, 2012). Organized crime is a crime that has a leader or someone who manages all operations to make sure all goes smoothly (Mallory, 2012). It is crime that occurs both at the national and international level (Mallory, 2012). When I think of organized crime I think of gangs and drug trafficking (Mallory, 2012). Organized crime is crime that is done in such a way to refrain from getting
Although a standard definition does not exist, gang delinquency can be defined as law-violating behavior committed by groups of youth and adults, that are complexly organized and that have established leadership and membership rules (Curry & Spergel, 1988). Gangs engage in a range of different crimes, but most significantly in violent crimes, as a means of upholding norms and values in regards to: mutual support, conflict relations with other gangs, and tradition (Curry & Spergel, 1988). They are organizations concerned with territory, status, and the ability to control behavior. For disadvantaged youth, who lack the opportunities to succeed in a socially acceptable manner, gangs effectively provide meaningful social and even economic structures. In gang membership, there is the opportunity to create personal identity, but there are minimal standards of acceptable status (Curry & Spergel,
According to the FBI, organized crime is consisting of Russian Mobs that fled to the U.S., groups that are engaging in drug trafficking and scams from African countries and Enterprises based in Eastern European nations like Romania. Many groups have started using the in...
During the 1980s, law enforcement realized that other organizations were sprouting up into a new era in organized crime. Today’s analysts are responsible for investigating and analyzing information on other non-traditional crime organizations like drug cartels, outlaw motorcycle gangs, street gangs, and various other non-Sicilian Mafia organizations.
Organized crime presents a significant and growing threat to both national and international security measures, with the potential for negative implications towards public safety, public health, democratic countries, and economic stability across the globe. Not only are criminal networks expanding, but they also are diversifying their activities; therefore, organized crime organizations are converging towards threats that were once distinct and today have explosive and destabilizing effects. Prior to the year 2001, organized crime looked to cement its means of transporting illegal drugs, personnel, or weapons through the supply chain. The overall threat to the supply chain was relatively low at the time due to limited external threats towards the interest of the United States. However, the people of the United States became fully aware of these external threats against the United States after airway transportation assets were hijacked and bent