According to a live science, an article written by Mary Bagley, "The Cretaceous Period was the last and longest segment of the Mesozoic Era. It lasted approximately 79 million years, from the minor extinction event that closed the Jurassic Period about 145.5 million years ago to the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event dated at 65.5 million years ago"(Mary Bagley, LS). In the cretaceous period, the continent of Pangea was still breaking away from itself, forming what we now know as the seven world continents. In the many eras of dinosaurs, the cretaceous era was responsible for evolving some, but not all the dinosaurs from full land dinosaurs to some who were able to live both on land and in water, semi-aquatic carnivorous dinosaurs. This
According to a live science, an article written by Joseph Castro, "Spinosaurus means "spine lizard," an appropriate descriptor, as the dinosaur had very long spines growing on its back to form what is referred to as a "sail." The distinctive spines, which grew out of the nimal 's back vertebrae, were up to 7 feet (2.1 meters) long and were likely connected to one another by skin"(Joseph Castro, LS). The spinosaurus was the biggest of all carnivorous dinosaurs. They were roughly fifty feet long and twenty feet high, that 's larger than the tyrannosaurs-rex. They weighed up to presumably eighteen thousand pounds (DinoInfo). So yes, the spinosaurus is now known to be bigger than the famous T-rex. But exactly how much bigger was spinosaurus compared to the T-rex, or even a human being? This size chart should give you a better idea of just how much bigger it was than its predecessor the T-rex. As you can see, in the size graph, it shows the size comparisons of a human to the tyrannosaurus-rex. As mentioned before, the spinosaurus was an amphibious dinosaur. It was able to swim and catch its prey in water or on land, this is where spinosaurus had the overall survival advantages over the T-rex. Furthermore, one of the spinosaurus 's most notable features was it 's gigantic sail like spikes that stuck out of it 's spin. What was the sail of spikes used for? Well, there are three theories. According to Bob Strauss, in an article he wrote, the sail could have been used to impress the female spinosaurus during mating seasons. The bigger the sail, the more attractive it looked to the female spinosaurus and was able to mate and reproduce. Also, it could have been used to regulate its core body temperature during the cold night times. And the last theory suggests the
It was thought that they used their heads in combat or mating contests, but that was disproved fairly recently, which I will discuss later in the paper. Both Ceratopsians and Pachycephalosaurs were “bird-hipped” and both of these suborders contained a backward pubic bone. Both were Marginocephilia, or “fringed heads”, which is one of three clads under the Orinthiscia order. They were also herbivore dinosaurs that inherited their fringe at the back of the skull from earlier ancestors. 2.
Study done from the available fossils show that the body of Liopleurodon was very streamlined and adapted to swimming. Its body had four limbs which were paddle-like in shape. These paddle shaped limbs acted like propellers which made it
Jurassic Park is the story of how one man’s idea puts many lives in danger. With lots of experimentation, scientists who worked for him were able to extract blood from prehistoric mosquitoes and other biting insects caught in amber then examine it for foreign blood cells. After that, they would extract them. Doing that, they could obtain DNA of extinct animals; dinosaurs who have been extinct for millions of years. Through a long process, they could recreate dinosaurs. Jurassic Park is a book full of suspense and horrifying murders. I wouldn’t recommend this book to everyone, but just people who enjoy science fiction and suspense. I also recommend not read Dennis Nedry’s death multiple times because it’s gross and...just gross. But other than that, I would give this five dinosaurs out of five dinosaurs!
In an article entitled Tyrannosaurus was not a fast runner, those experts, John R. Hutchison and Mariano Garcia provide us with a detailed account of a recent study they did. Their study is described in an article entitled Biomechanics: Walking with tyrannosaurs by Andrew A. Biewener. Biewener states that Hutchinson and Garcia, “introduce a new biomechanical approach,” to the question of dinosaur movement and provide an, “a...
Dinosaurs held their own, according to studies, for at least 150 million years. After becoming extinct and finding fossilized remains dinosaurs have become a way in which we not only measure the changes that have occurred as the planet evolved, but also how we express ourselves today.
They ruled the world before the time of the dinosaurs, from the Cambrian Period to the
The Permian Period was the last period of the Paleozoic Era. During this geological time period’s earlier stages glaciation was extensive. Middle Permian began to warm, and by the late Permian the environment was hot and dry. The environmental conditions were so extreme that the marine and terrestrial life forms were greatly affected. According to research the drastic climate change could have been caused by the formation of Pangaea. In 1912 Alfred Wegener while studying his theory of the continental drift, discovered Pangaea’s very existence. A combination of all of Earth’s landmasses joined together and covered 1/3 of Earth’s surface. Pangaea was f...
The Triceratops were very interesting dinosaurs. They were very smart and strategic. They moved in herds and used mating calls. They were very complex. They had an interesting body shape that gave them an advantage towards their predators. They were known for their horns and parrot-like beaks. They were herbivores that lived in North America. Triceratopses were very interesting.
In the article, Debunking the Myths of American Corrections, Jeffery Ross discusses myths that have formed within the general population. Some may consider these myths contradictory, while others perceive them as factual. Ross presents and utilizes multiple sources in order to support his criticism in the categories of the predominant myths that have manifested in society.
The Cretaceous period occurred between 144 and 65 million years ago. The K-T Extinction is an event that happened at the end of this period 65 million years ago. By the beginning of the Tertiary period eighty-five percent of all species disappeared, making it the second largest mass extinction event in geological history (“The End-Cretaceous (K-T) Extinction”, accessed 2000).
In the third instalment of Jurassic Park, was a real swing and miss when it came to knocking it out of the ball park. With no spectacular or miraculous happenings to make the film truly stand out. The only contending players worthy of keeping a look out for being the Velociraptor’s, who were the films saving grace and true MVP’s.
seems like it happened so sudden, as geologic time goes, that almost all the dinosaurs
Extinction of Dinosaurs Many different theories exist as to why the dinosaurs went extinct. We know for sure most dinosaurs died around 65 million years ago. The majority of scientists agree on a number of theories as to what brought the end of the dinosaurs. The most popular theory is that an asteroid ended the reign of the dinosaurs. Another theory, massive climate change in the pre-historic atmosphere, caused all the dinosaurs to die.
Reptiles are vertebrate, or backboned animals constituting the class Reptilia and are characterized by a combination of features, none of which alone could separate all reptiles from all other animals.The characteristics of reptiles are numerous, therefore can not be explained in great detail in this report. In no special order, the characteristics of reptiles are: cold-bloodedness; the presence of lungs; direct development, without larval forms as in amphibians; a dry skin with scales but not feathers or hair; an amniote egg; internal fertilization; a three or four-chambered heart; two aortic arches (blood vessels) carrying blood from the heart to the body, unlike mammals and birds that only have one; a metanephric kidney; twelve pairs of cranial nerves; and skeletal features such as limbs with usually five clawed fingers or toes, at least two spinal bones associated with the pelvis, a single ball-and-socket connection at the head-neck joint instead of two, as in advanced amphibians and mammals, and an incomplete or complete partition along the roof of the mouth, separating the food and air passageways so that breathing can continue while food is being chewed. These and other traditional defining characteristics of reptiles have been subjected to considerable modification in recent times. The extinct flying reptiles, called pterosaurs or pterodactyls, are now thought to have been warm-blooded and covered with hair. Also, the dinosaurs are also now considered by many authorities to have been warm-blooded. The earliest known bird, archaeopteryx, is now regarded by many to have been a small dinosaur, despite its covering of feathers The extinct ancestors of the mammals, the therapsids, or mammallike reptiles, are also believed to have been warm-blooded and haired.
The Jurassic period is known as one of the most interesting periods of time in earth’s history, mainly for the awe-inspiring creatures many of which have gone extinct, the most remarkable being the dinosaurs. Life in the ocean during this time was also extremely diversified and amazing for the creatures it beheld. The Jurassic occurred from 199.6 to 145.5 million years ago, following the Triassic Period and preceding the Cretaceous Period within the Mesozoic Era. The supercontinent of Pangea began to drift apart during this time. Right before the Jurassic period began, a major extinction event occurred wiping out much of the life on earth. The events that unfolded afterwards gave life to a new planet.