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theory of conflict management
theory of conflict management
Conflict Management Styles
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Conflict management model is propounded effective when the result of conflict is productive or acceptable for all the parties involved. The main motive of any conflict management model is to reduce the impact of conflict on negative note and guide parties towards agreement and strong relationship. This study is to analyze the effectiveness of Rahim’s Meta or Dual concern model for conflict management.
Rahim (2002) differentiated person’s perception towards handling a conflict into two: “concern for self and concern for others” (p. 216). Further, the study explored two types of conflicts and observed that most conflicts arise during the decision-making process. Dysfunctional conflict, which hinders team performance and interpersonal relations due to individual’s self-interest in implementing particular decision. Functional conflict serves organization purpose with employees involved in the conflict regarding which proposal to implement (Rahim, 2011).
Gross and Guerrero (2000) supported Rahim’s conflict management styles and identified that these styles are associated with organizational climate and culture, job satisfaction. Their research on 50 employees uncovered some facts include employees who were involved in unmanaged conflict end up in job dissatisfaction and subsequently their performance deters (p. 208). The competence-based model developed by Canary, Cupach and Serpe (2001) contrast with Rahim’s theory, where the effectiveness of conflict management styles is based on the situation and understanding of individuals (p. 81). They tried to find a resolution for the conflict instead of implementing the strategy to reduce tension by applying conflict management styles, resulting in inconsistent outcomes (p. 531).
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conflicts in change initiatives. Rochester: doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2233107
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Look up the word conflict in the dictionary and you will see several negative responses. Descriptions such as: to come into collision or disagreement; be at variance or in opposition; clash; to contend; do battle; controversy; quarrel; antagonism or opposition between interests or principles Random House (1975). With the negative reputation associated with this word, no wonder people tend to shy away when they start to enter into the area of conflict. D. Jordan (1996) suggests that there are two types of conflict: good, which is defined as cognitive conflict (C-type conflict) and, detrimental, defined as affective conflict (A-type conflict). The C-type conflict allows for creativity, to pull together a group of people with different opinions or ideas, to combine and brain storm all thoughts to develop the best solution for the problem. The A-type conflict is the negative form when you have animosity, hostility, un-resolveable differences, and egos to deal with. The list citing negative conflicts could go on forever. We will be investigating these types of conflicts, what managers can do to recognize conflict early, and what strategies they can use to resolve conflicts once they have advanced.
Conerly (2004), further states two things attribute to the way conflict is managed. One is the importance of meeting your own goals and the other is the importance you attribute to relationships and wanting to get along with others.
Conflict is an inevitable part of interpersonal relations within an organization, where the actions of one individual are perceived to have a negative impact upon the state of another individual. A leader must be prepared to institute steps in the conflict management process in order to progress through a given incident for the betterment of the organization. “Conflict management is the principle that all conflicts cannot be resolved, but learning how to manage conflicts can decrease the odds of nonproductive escalation” (Popovich & Hocenski, 2009, p.15). Although conflict, in general, may seem detrimental to a team, functional conflict is necessary for a properly functioning team. Without functional conflict,
Whenever people unite to work as a team for anything more than a brief duration, some conflict is normal, and should be expected (Engleberg, Wynn & Schutter, 2003). Because of the inevitability of conflict, being able to recognize, address, and ultimately resolve it is vitally important, since unresolved conflict may have undesirable effects, including reduced morale, or increased turnover (De Janasz, Dowd & Schneider, 2001). Just as conflicts within team environments vary, so do methods for resolving it. In this paper, conflict, its effects, and some management and resolution strategies as they relate to team dynamics will be discussed. Understanding the various conflict resolution methods, including how and when to apply them, is of utmost importance. In teams, different types of conflict call for different solutions. Conflict resolution is certainly not an area in which one size fits all.
Conflicts situation can happen at any time. There are many different ways to handle conflict situations. To strengthen our skills in responding to conflicts situation we must understand the various conflict management style. The five styles of conflict management style include: Competing, Avoiding, Accommodating, Collaborating, and Compromising. The competing style is like a shark, a competitive approach to ensure only your views counts. Avoiding is like a turtle, avoiding every situation and giving up. Accommodating is like a teddy bear, working against your own goals to move forward. Collaborating is like an owl, working together with your partner to achieve both your goals. Compromising is like a fox, negotiating half your goals in order
One of the major differences between conflict resolution and management is that resolution seeks to end the conflict while management seeks to make sure that the conflict is beneficial to the group. Conflict management is important tool in provoking stimulating thought and discussion. Conflict can be used to a productive manner and can be continuously stimulated to help people further discuss and implement new ideas. One of the key factors of conflict management is that it does not imply movement or push towards resolution. The use of conflict management is effective for medical team to get the best patient care. Often if conflict is not managed it results in decrease patient care and disunity witin the healthcare team. Managing conflict helps drive unity and stimulate the discussion so patient are always receiving the best care
In simple terms conflict resolution means solution to end a conflict by means of sorting the disagreements and disbeliefs between the indulging parties. In recent times conflict resolution has become a part of corporate world where conflict resolution is considered as methods and process which are involved in aiding the peaceful ending of conflict with in organisations. These conflicts revolves between the group members and often dedicated member of the group try to solve the conflicts by keenly communicating information about the reasons or ideologies behind the conflicts. This report aims at highlighting the personal conflicts that are common in organisations and the solutions to resolve those conflicts. This report is confined to personal and inter-personal conflicts in organisations and does not include issues regarding group and intra-group conflicts.
Gelfand, M. J., Leslie, L. M., Keller, K., & de Dreu, C. (2012). Conflict cultures in organizations: How leaders shape conflict cultures and their organizational-level consequences. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(6), 1131-1147. doi:10.1037/a0029993
Conflict is a process that happens when one party aware of something that another party concern about has negatively affected. The sources of conflict are communication, structure and personal variables occur in both party. The source of conflict is the communication between different cultures with various meaning in words. The higher chance of organizational structure causes conflict as the size of organization is larger. Personal variables causes conflict as both parties involve in same issue with different opinion. There are two reasons of cognition and personalization is perceived conflict and felt conflict. Perceived conflict is one or more parties aware of certain condition will cause conflict. Felt conflict is an emotional
Conflict Management is an apparatus for dealing with complicated differences in a facility to bring about a better and peaceful outcome (Shabbir, Atta, & Adil., 2014). When there is a lack of communication or miscommunication between people, things can become complicated and create issues causing conflict. This paper will educate the reader on conflict management,
Thomas, K. W. (1992). Conflict and conflict management: Reflections and update. . Journal Of Organizational Behavior, 13(3), 265-274.
In several occasions, conflict occurs in the communication of one or two people. Several people have thought of conflict as cases involving pouring of furious anger in a communication process. Nonetheless, conflict is the misinterpretation of an individual’s words or values (Huan & YAzdanifard, 2012). Conflict can also be due to limited resources in an organization (Riaz & Junaid, 2010). Conflict may as well arise due to poor communication or the use of inappropriate communication channel of transmission of information between the involved parties. Management of conflict has various conflict management styles that include avoidance style, forcing style, passive-aggressive style, accommodating style, collaborating style and compromising style. Workplace conflict comes in two different kinds: task involving conflict, which focuses on the approaches used in resolving the problem and blaming conflict that has the aspects of blame and never brings element of resolving problems between the conflicting parties. In the perception of several individuals, relationship conflict is negative.
Conflict exists in every organization as a result of incompatible needs, goals, and objectives of two people while aligning to the overall business requirements. Though disagreement is linked with negative impact, the approach has healthy considerations (Leung, 2008). For instance, some conflicts create an avenue for the exchange of ideas and creativity to meet the set organizational purposes. However, damaging disagreement in organizations results in employee dissatisfaction, turnover, and poor services and reduced productivity. The paper establishes different types of interpersonal conflict and key resolution strategies used to address the problem. Human resource managers need to have the capacity to identify different levels of conflicts and the best methods to negate them.
According to McShane and Von Glinow, conflict is “a process in which one party perceives that his or her interests are being opposed or negatively affected by another party” (328). The Conflict Process Model begins with the different sources of conflict; these sources lead one or more parties to perceive that a conflict exists. These perceptions interact with emotions and manifest themselves in the behavior towards other parties. The arrows in the figure illustrate the series of conflict episodes that cycle into conflict escalation (McShane and Von Glinow 331-332).
Conflicts can occur in different forms and to varying degrees. In organizations, conflicts are mainly because of differences in expectations, values, goals, and personalities. A group pursuing their interests at the expense of others results to a conflict. According to Rahim (2010), there are three ways in which a conflict can occur in an organization; it can be between management and management, management and employees, or employees and employees. Conflicts need to be diagnosed and managed before they can have severe effects to the organization. It is the role of the management to address the conflicts with research showing that an average manager spends 24 percent of their work time