Bipolar Disorder can be classified by the occurrence of manic episodes followed by hypomanic or major depressive episodes. A manic episode is a distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, extensive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased goal-directed activity or energy, lasting at least 1 week and present most of the day, nearly every day. During the specific period of mood disturbance and increased energy or activity, many symptoms are present. Some examples of these symptoms can include: -Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, and are more talkative than usual (“Bipolar and Related Disorders, “n.d.). There is a 10- 15% risk of completed suicide associated with Bipolar Disorder (“Bipolar Depression”, 2)
A mood disturbance is classified as severe if it causes a marked impairment in social or occupational functioning or to necessitate hospitalization to prevent harm to self or others, or if there are psychotic features. However, this episode is not attributable to the psychological effects of a substance (“Bipolar and Related Disorders, “n.d.). During a manic episode, individuals often do not perceive that they are ill or in need of treatment and vehemently resist efforts to be treated. Individuals may change their dress, makeup, or personal appearance to a more sexually suggestive or flamboyant style. Some perceive a sharper sense of smell, hearing, or vision. Gambling and antisocial behaviors may accompany the manic episode (“Bipolar and Related Disorders, “n.d.).
A hypomanic episode is a distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased activity or energy, lasting at least 4 consecutive days ...
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...order perform more poorly than healthy individuals on cognitive tests (“Bipolar and Related Disorders, “n.d.). Even though episodes of mania and depression naturally come and go, it is important to understand that bipolar disorder is a long-term illness that currently has no cure (“Prognosis of Bipolar Disorder,” 2011).
For the future, a yearlong study of at least 10 bipolar drugs are being conducted and compared to figure out the best combinations (Kluger and Song, 2002). Brain scans are also being completed to determine which lobes and regions are involved in Bipolar Disorder (Kluger and Song, 2002). A blood test that allows bipolar disorder to be spotted just as simply as high cholesterol is a process in the making (Kluger and Song, 2002). A blood test will finally eliminate years of incorrect diagnoses, along with misguided treatments (Kluger and Song, 2002).
According to some sources, bipolar disorder can be a gift and a curse depending how you look at it and when it is happening (Smith). With bipolar one experiences highs and lows in behavior, but can learn how to control their behavior with therapy and certain medications. It depends how you look at the disorder and how you treat it. People who have it under control will most likely not be as upset that they have it, rather than someone who cannot control themselves, it all depends on the outlook and the
Bipolar Disorder (Formerly known as Manic Depression) is a mental illness linked to alterations in moods such as mood swings, mania, and depression. There is more than one type, Bipolar I and Bipolar II, and the subcategories are divided by the severity of the symptoms seen, such as cyclothymic disorder, seasonal mood changes, rapid cycling disorder and psychosis. Age of onset usually occurs between 15-30 years old with an average onset of 25 years old but it can affect all ages. (Harvard Medical School; Massachusetts General Hospital , 2013) Bipolar disorder affects more than two million people in the United States every year. (Gardner, 2011)
Alloy, L. B., Abramson, L. Y., Urosevic, S., Bender, R. E., & Wagner, C. A. (2009). Longitudinal Predictors of Bipolar Spectrum Disorders: A Behavioral Approach System Perspective. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 16(2), 206-226. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2850.2009.01160.x
Bipolar disorder is a lifelong mood disorder characterized by periods of mania, depression, or a mixed manic-depressive state. The condition can seriously affect a person’s reasoning, understanding, awareness, and behavior. Acco...
A person suffering from bipolar disorder alternates from manic states to those of depression. These emotional states can alternate cyclically or one mood may dominate over the other. It is also possible for the two to be mixed or combined with each other.
In the 1950’s country rock was an unknown genre to many mainstream audiences and with the emergence of rockabilly artists in the late 1960’s country rock grew and continued to grow in popularity during the 1970’s through the 1990’s because of style, sound, and the new way country rock audiences perceived it. Country rock from the 1950’s to the 1990’s has been perceived similarly and differently by its audiences over time because of it’s original country sound and its similar rock sound.
When people hear country music, they think of “Rednecks” or “Hillbillies” out on the country side singing songs about losing their wife, dog, best friend or any other sad subject. This is not true and it showed by becoming one of the most popular music forms of the 20th century. Country music is one of the best-selling genres after rock and pop.
Hopkins, H.S. and Gelenberg, A.J. (1994). Treatment of Bipolar Disorder: How Far Have We Come? Psychopharmacology Bulletin. 30 (1): 27-38.
Current technological advances in genetic research are improving the understanding of bipolar disease. The research uses a database to link genes that influence its cause with visible signs. There are also studies into diseases with similar symptoms, and this will help reveal a lot about the disease. The common symptoms scientists are concentrating their research on are schizophrenia and depression. The objective is to single out genetic differences that ultimately increase the person’s chances of suffering from the disease. Findings from ...
Although genetic factors are considered the most important for the development of bipolar disorder, “episodes that develop after the first one appear to be more heavily influenced by environmental stress, sleep disruption, alcohol and substance abuse, inconsistent drug treatments, and other genetic, biological, or environmental factors” (Milkowitz, 2010, p. 74). Patient M had already suffered two similar episodes of strange behavior and her family history includes mood disorders and states of depression.... ... middle of paper ... ...
In order to be diagnosed with bipolar disorder, the patient must have experienced at least one manic episode. The patient’s manic episodes meet the criteria in multiple ways. The patient’s elevated self-esteem, or grandiosity, can be seen when he views himself as more intellectual than parts of his family because of the literature he reads. This can also be seen when the patient views himself as superior to his love interest, Tiffany, because his sex life has not been as promiscuous as hers. The patient has demonstrated a decreased need for sleep as he stays awake until 3:00AM consistently and wakes up early with plenty of energy to exercise. Increased talkativeness is also present in the patient’s behavior causing many conversations to be very rushed and one-sided. The patient’s stream of thoughts and conversations are often racing. Increased distractibility also affects the patient causing him to interrupt others only to change the subject to whatever topic has gained his interest. Finally, the patient demonstrates increased goal-directed activity. These activities include the following: creating an extensive reading list and accomplishing it in a very limited amount of time, establishing a demanding workout routine, attempting to find the “silver lining” in all experiences, and learning a
Bipolar Disorder is the tendency of manic episodes to alternate with major depressive episodes, like a roller coaster. Barlow, D., Durand, M., Stewart, S., & Lalumière, M., 2014, p. 222. Their moods and relationships are unstable and they usually have a very poor self image, recurrent feelings of emptiness and fear of abandonment. Barlow, D., Durand, M., Stewart, S., & Lalumière, M., 2014, p. 444.
My daughter Ashley, an engaging, highly intelligent, beautiful and artistically talented teenager, suffers from a life threatening genetic illness. It is an illness of extremes with a high, some estimates are as much as 20%, mortality rate. It is sometimes, as with my daughter, difficult to treat. It is always difficult for those so afflicted and their families. The contemporary nomenclature for this disease is Bi-Polar Disorder (1). But I prefer the more descriptive, no longer politically correct name, Manic Depression.
Psychologically, mania is described as a mood disorder characterized by euphoric states ,extreme physical activity ,excessive talkativeness, distractedness, and sometimes grandiosity. During manic periods a person becomes "high" extremely active , excessively talkative, and easily distracted. During these periods the affected person's self esteem is also often greatly inflated. These people often become aggressive and hostile to others as their self confidence becomes more and more inflated and exaggerated. In extreme cases (like Hamlet's) the manic person may become consistently wild or violent until he or she reaches the point of exhaustion. Manic depressives often function on little or no sleep during their episodes.
Eric Beck meets criteria for Bipolar 1 disorder. He shows some signs of General Anxiety Disorder as well. Anxiety disorders are the most coming co-occurring disorder with Bipolar 1. To be diagnosed with Bipolar 1 disorder you must meet criteria for Major Depressive Episode and Manic Episode. Eric meets criteria for part A of Major Depressive Episode due to his extensive history of depression. He stated that “I suffer even when doing things, I should enjoy.” He often had feelings of guilt or worthlessness. Along with this Eric struggled from a lack of concentration. He also had recurrent thoughts of death and has tried to commit suicide.