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two types of memory device
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Introduction
Computer memory refers to any physical device that has the ability of storing information either permanently or temporarily. For instance, the Random Access Memory (RAM) is a volatile memory that has the ability of storing information on various integrated circuits that are used by not only the operating system, but also by the hardware and software. In essence, there are two major types of computer memory namely Read Only Memory (ROM) and the Random Access Memory (RAM). ROM refers to smallest parts of a computer system’s silicon or solid state memory which is not only fixed in size, but also permanently stores or keeps the instructions of the manufacturer upon switching on a computer. On the other hand, RM refers to the larger part of a computer memory that comprises of floppies, DVD, CD, and hard disk which are together referred to as secondary storage and which are employed or applied in both running of programs as well as archiving of relevant data. It is prudent to note that computer memory can either be volatile and non-volatile (Tanenbaum & Austin, 2012). Volatile memory implies to memory that loses its contents when the hardware or the computer looses power and a good example is the RAM. On the other hand, non-volatile memory refers to computer memory which keeps or stores its
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For instance, the future of the RAM technology is headed in the development of the “Holographic Memory”. The implications of this type of memory are that it will provide a significant amount of data to be easily stored on tiny chips. However, it is important to note that the major limitation that will be associated with such a kind of memory is the size of both reading and writing of the optical systems. Quite obviously and definitely, this kind of future memory is not genuinely ready for Personal Computer (PC)
Random access memory is both readable and writable but RAM is volatile storage, the data is contains is loss every time the computer is turned off.
Flashbulb memory is when a person learns or experiences a very surprising and emotional arousing events (Matlin, 155). As it is a long lasting memory that people report vivid details about a traumatic event, it has been the subjects of recent scientific studies. Recent findings have mentioned a relationship between flashbulb memory and the September 11, 2001 attack. An article published in the American Psychological Association entitled “Seared in Our Memories” written by Bridget Murray Law analyzes different studies on the topic to explore how accurate people vividly remember about the 9/11 attack, and on how much is accurate or fabricated through various encounters. After reading the article, Law mentions interesting researchers concluding
Memory is a group of related mental processes that are involved in acquiring, storing, and retrieving information (Hockenberry and Hocenberry page 232). I will be addressing two specific types of memory: short-term memory and long-term memory. Short-term memory holds temporary information transferred from sensory memory or long-term memory. Sensory memory is the first stage of memory and obtains information for a brief amount of time. Short-term memory is also called active memory and is stored in the prefrontal cortex which is the most active part of the brain during an activity. Short-term memory can hold information for roughly twenty seconds, but sensory memory holds information for a shorter amount of time. We usually store things such
The Multistore Model of Memory The multistore model is a representation of memory based on having more than one different kind of store for remembered information. Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) proposed this model based on evidence related to the separate stores of memory (e.g. serial position: primacy recency, forgetting etc.). It suggests that memory comprises of three separate stores, the sensory memory store, the short-term memory and the long-term memory, each store having a specific and relatively inflexible function: Information enters and is initially stored in SM which holds information for very brief periods of time if the information is not concentrated on. However, if a person’s attention is focused on material in Sensory Memory, this leads to STM storage which has limited capacity and relatively short duration.
Memory (ROM) – Read only memory is memory that cannot be changed. It retains its memory even when the computers power is off. Example; Read only memory stores the instructions for the computer to turn on again.
In the WMM memory is considered an active process and not just a passive store of information, unlike the MSM.
The five types are Memory is classified by a few different characteristics. Declarative Memory is the memory of dates, historical facts, and telephone numbers (Silvia Cardoso). It is easier to build up Declarative Memory but can be easily forgotten as well. Procedural Memory is the memory/ability to drive a car, to play sports and tie shoes. This type of memory involves repetitive practices. The other of types of memory is Elaboration, Self Referent and Visual Imagery. Elaboration is known as memory associating with other information. Self Referent Memory is how it is made personally relevant. Then, there is Visual Imagery, which can be used in a few ways, one of which can be used to add richness to the material to be remembered.
According to Sternberg (1999), memory is the extraction of past experiences for information to be used in the present. The retrieval of memory is essential in every aspect of daily life, whether it is for academics, work or social purposes. However, many often take memory for granted and assume that it can be relied on because of how realistic it appears in the mind. This form of memory is also known as flashbulb memory. (Brown and Kulik, 1977). The question of whether our memory is reliably accurate has been shown to have implications in providing precise details of past events. (The British Psychological Association, 2011). In this essay, I would put forth arguments that human memory, in fact, is not completely reliable in providing accurate depictions of our past experiences. Evidence can be seen in the following two studies that support these arguments by examining episodic memory in humans. The first study is by Loftus and Pickrell (1995) who found that memory can be modified by suggestions. The second study is by Naveh-Benjamin and Craik (1995) who found that there is a predisposition for memory to decline with increasing age.
There are two types of memory in a PLC. It is usually in the main PLC module and mostly non-expandable using other modules though modern PLCs have slots for additional memory cards. This is to prevent any unauthorized change in the PLC program and its functioning. The Executive Memory or program memory is the one that receives and holds program instructions (usually ROM). The data memory or scratch pad is the work area used to temporarily store information produced by the processor during the scan operation. These are volatile memory
Long-term memory is remembering anything you do that lasts more than just a few minutes. Stronger memories allow you to recall events, daily procedures at a job, or a fact. For example, remembering something like your phone number or address. Weaker memories only come to mind when through reminding. Any memories stored in your long-term memory do just not just sit in your mind untouched, instead you revisit the memory over time and merge it with other memories incorporated with what others tell you about the memory. As a result your long-term memories aren’t always constant nor reliable. It is believed that our memories don’t decay over time, but just harder to
only would it be easier to access, but the CPU would also be able to
The Von Neumann bottleneck is a limitation on material or data caused by the standard personal computer architecture. Earlier computers were fed programs and data for processing while they were running. Von Neumann created the idea behind the stored program computer, our current standard model. In the Von Neumann architecture, programs and data are detained or held in memory, the processor and memory are separate consequently data moves between the two. In that configuration, latency or dormancy is unavoidable. In recent years, processor speeds have increased considerably. Memory enhancements, in contrast, have mostly been in size or volume. This enhancement gives it the ability to store more data in less space; instead of focusing on transfer rates. As the speeds have increased, the processors now have spent an increasing amount of time idle, waiting for data to be fetched from the memory. All in all, No matter how fast or powerful a...
In recent years, a number of devices that can ultimately lead us to real optical computers have already manufactured. These include logic gates, optical switches, optical interconnections and optical memory. Optical computing is one of the most promising, and may eventually lead to new computing applications because consequence of faster processing speed, as well as better connectivity and higher bandwidth. Optical computing approximately 60 years old. Optical computer is the most feasible technology that can be replace electronics and promises impressive speeds that can be enhance processing power and data transmission
A computer is a combination of several parts. These parts are Random Access Memory (RAM), a Central Processing
There are four types of memory. These are the RAM, ROM, EEPROM and the Bootstrap loader. The RAM, also known as Random Access Memory, is the temporary space where the processor places the data while it is being used. This allows the computer to find the information that is being requested quickly without having to search the hard drive space. Once the information has been processed, and stored onto a permanent storage device, it is cleared out of the RAM. The RAM also houses the operating system while in