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Chapter 7 computer architecture and organization
Chapter 7 computer architecture and organization
Chapter 7 computer architecture and organization
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The complexity of a computer stems from the fact that it contains various sub-systems. Computing technology needs the interaction of software and hardware aspects. The technological advancements being witnessed have made computer architecture more efficient and smarter. Simply put, computer architecture concerns itself with how computers are designed based on functionality, implementation, structure and organization (Cragon 56). Structure deals with how parts have been arranged statically. Performance deals with the system’s behavioral study and that of its components. Organization deals with how the parts interact dynamically. Implementation deals with how the specific building blocks have been designed. Computer architecture, therefore, covers aspects relating to the design of the instruction set and logic. It is intended to reduce power consumption while also maximizing performance. In implementing a sound computer architecture, aspects relating to cooling, circuit design, and power should be prioritized. The design of a computer architecture directly defines its compatibility with other technologies (El-Rewini 76). It establishes the system and user needs before determining logical …show more content…
Among the ISAs duties include defining the capabilities and functions of the CPU. These functions are based on its capacity to process various programming needs. ISA consists of the execution model, registers, input-output control, as well as instructions. The importance of the ISA stems from the fact that it defines all facets required by machine language programmers for purposes of sound programming (Hsu 44). However, it must be noted that the definitions between different ISAs might differ. This is because they define a broad range of aspects such as supported data types, their semantics, state, as well as the overall instructions set. This covers issues like memory consistency, registers, and machine
For over thirty years, since the beginning of the computing age, the Gordon Moore's equation for the number of chip transistors doubling every eighteen months has been true (Leyden). However, this equation by its very nature cannot continue on infinitely. Although the size of the transistor has drastically decreased in the past fifty years, it cannot get too much smaller, therefore a computer cannot get much faster. The limits of transistor are becoming more and more apparent within the processor speed of Intel and AMD silicon chips (Moore's Law). One reason that chip speeds now are slower than possible is because of the internal-clock of the computer. The clock organizes all of the operation processing and the memory speeds so the information ends at the same time or the processor completes its task uniformly. The faster a chip can go (Mhz) requires that this clock tick ever and ever faster. With a 1.0 Ghz chip, the clock ticks a billion times a second (Ball). This becomes wasted energy and the internal clock limits the processor. These two problems in modern computing will lead to the eventual disproving of Moore's Law. But are there any new areas of chip design engineering beside the normal silicon chip. In fact, two such designs that could revolutionize the computer industry are multi-threading (Copeland) and asynchronous chip design (Old Tricks). The modern silicon processor cannot keep up with the demands that are placed on it today. With the limit of transistor size approaching as well the clock speed bottleneck increasing, these two new chip designs could completely scrap the old computer industry and recreate it completely new.
Countries all across the world experience population growths, and population declines. Governments have had all sorts of different regulations and incentives to hinder or promote population growth. Some governments, like America, have blocked out certain groups, for example the Chinese (Oriental Exclusion Acts), from immigrating. On the contrary, the American government in the 1940’s started the Bracero Program to bring Mexican’s into the United States as contracted laborers. There are many examples of control over immigration from the government, and the differences between the 20th and 21st centuries are complex and interesting.
The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the brains of the computer where most of the calculations take place and it is the most important element of a computer system. For the PC the CPU is housed in a chip (known as the microprocessor) such as the Inte...
The Intel MCS-51, commonly known as the “8051”, is a single chip microcontroller which was developed by Intel in 1980 for use in embedded systems. This “system on chip” accommodates 128 bytes of RAM, 4Kbytes of ROM, 2 Timers, 1 Serial port, and four ports on a single chip.[1] The rise in popularity and success of the 8051 brought forth different versions of the microcontroller from other manufacturers (Intel permitted so). Its popularity remains to this day for it provides a marketable availability, ease-of-use, power efficiency, and integrated features such as USB and radio frequency. Not only is it important to examine the evolution of the 8051, but also take a look at the languages that go hand-in-hand with it. But first, start with the basics.
This paper reviews the two perceptions of computer in architecture. Some criticize computer use because computers—by their nature mechanistic and algorithmic—support only uncreative thinking and production. However, some increasingly view computers as valuable tools of creative production. Educational research indicates that there is no single "effect" of the computer on creativity; technology can support either uncreative drill or creative production.
Architectural design is important to devise a proper computer-based system and allowing it to function properly. The data flow diagram designed for this essay eventually portrayed the ways through which architectural design can be used to design transform characteristics, safeguarding the computer system by incorporating and using relevant
According to (www.ecomputernotes.com) a Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC) supplies a large number of complex instructions at the assembly language level. The primary goal of CISC architecture is to complete a task in as few lines of assembly as possible. This is achieved by building processor hardware that is capable of understanding and executing a series of operations.
An architecture for the medical information system called Mental Health Care-Patient Management System (MHC-PMC) to maintain information about patients will need to be developed. The system will be used to give staff information on the patients suffering from mental health problems and their treatments. There are different architecture patterns which can be used to develop the system and there are reasons to use one pattern over another. There is the possibility that any of the architecture patterns used can have short comings associated with it. The architecture could be implemented in hardware and software to meet the needs of developing the new system.
The MMX instruction set has a simple and flexible software model with no new mode or operating-system visible state. The MMX instruction set is fully compatible with all Intel Architecture microprocessors. All existing software continues to run correctly, without modification, on microprocessors that incorporate the MMX technology, as well as in the presence of existing and new applications that incorporate this technology.
Personal computers have been advertised and purchased by consumers for years. It seems every time we look up there’s a new one with even more advanced technology and features than the last. Over time it can be difficult to keep up with them all, so we may purchase one ever so often or when we have the money to do so. It’s even hard to believe that a PC advertised 5 years ago as the new and trending thing looks like a dinosaur compared to what we have today. In this paper I will be comparing two PC’s (one older and the other newer) and discussing some of their differences, comparisons, features, etc. Were there any similarities between the two? How are they different? And what do newer technologies like PC’s have to offer that older ones don’t?
Von Neumann architecture, or the Von Neumann model, stems from a 1945 computer architecture description by the physicist, mathematician, and polymath John von Neumann and others. This describes a design architecture for an electronic digital computer with a control unit containing an instruction register and program counter , external mass storage, subdivisions of a processing unit consisting of arithmetic logic unit and processor registers, a memory to store both data and commands, also an input and output mechanisms. The meaning of the term has grown to mean a stored-program computer in which a command fetch and a data operation cannot occur at the same time because they share a common bus. This is commonly referred to as the Von Neumann bottleneck and often limits the performance of a system.
The computer evolution has been an amazing one. There have been astonishing achievements in the computer industry, which dates back almost 2000 years. The earliest existence of the computer dates back to the first century, but the electronic computer has only been around for over a half-century. Throughout the last 40 years computers have changed drastically. They have greatly impacted the American lifestyle. A computer can be found in nearly every business and one out of every two households (Hall, 156). Our Society relies critically on computers for almost all of their daily operations and processes. Only once in a lifetime will a new invention like the computer come about.
Ever since I built my first computer early in 2012, I have had an avid interest in computing and technology. From hardware to software, I enjoy it all. I love everything about building computers, and I mean everything. From making the list of parts, to the Lego-like building process, to the final POST of the motherboard, I enjoy...
The invention of computers has made a huge change in human civilization and society, by changing the way people think. Computers replaced jobs and tedious repetitive thoughts that were done by human originally. People became more and more reliant on computers, and thus, computers became essential to our lives. Computers can manufacture products quickly, and eliminate possible human errors. As technology progresses, new ideas have been brought into computer to make them perform more efficiently. Also, scientists and engineers tend to make things “smaller”, so we can enjoy the benefits from electronic devices anywhere and anytime. Therefore, size and efficiency are two main points for consumers. Desktop computer and laptop computer are representatives for each of these concepts. Although desktops and laptops come from the same origin, they are different in many ways.
The late 20th century has successfully witnessed the boom of sophisticated technology, which gave birth to a wide range of technological outcomes, including computer technology. Computer technology, that is a skill to manage information, communicate and a kind of entertainment media, has become an important part in modern life at work, in recreation and social networking. Whether computer technology is better or not is a complicated issue. There are different arguments that need to be examined. Most people support that computer technology is better for individual lifestyles. It improves quality of working and study, provides a wide range of entertainment and is a wonderful tool of communication. On the other hand, others believe that computer