Coal Rock
Introduction
Coal has been around since the extinctions of prehistoric environments have walked this Earth and is a byproduct of those environments (Jerrett, 2011). Coal was the gold of industry when it first started out. Coal has made many countries like China and the United States very powerful (World Coal Association, 2012). What are the processes that go into the making of organic coal to make it ancient and very limited?
Figure 1 Coal Producers by Rank (World Coal Association, 2012)
Some people do not understand how certain coal seams belong to certain geologic periods. Many arguments are being presented against coal and its hazards. Even though coal is an economic triumph, it has an environmental downfall. The chemical formula for coal changes over time through geologic processes, but why does that happen (Levine, 1982)? This is what makes coal a very debatable topic and an interesting rock to study in geology.
Coal Characteristics
The texture of all coals are mostly fine grained usually due to the increased heat and pressure that alter the organic plant material. Since coal is made up of organic plant material it falls in the category of an organic sedimentary rock. Over the years when coal is being formed into its complete state, it loses certain elements. Those certain elements then combine with other elements to make certain minerals like pyrite. The luster of Anthracite is very metallic, while other coals have an Earthy luster due to the geologic processes. The color is mainly black. The density of coal is relatively light or heavy depending upon the stage in the geologic processes it was formed.
Peat, Lignite, Bituminous, and Anthracite are all categorized by rank. The rank of coal is the amount...
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The complete process of coal tar production is shown in Figure 1. The coal tar is produced by carbonization of coal. In this process, the coal is heated at 900-1100 ºC and the evolved vapors are condensed to form liquid, from which ammonia is removed to obtain a black viscous crude coal tar. The composition of tar so obtained depends upon the origin and composition of starting material used viz. bituminous (soft) coal, anthracite (hard) (Arnold 1997, Thami 2002). Crude coal tar can be further purified
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