Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Modern day problem of global warming
Problems with the Kyoto protocol
Problems with the Kyoto protocol
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Modern day problem of global warming
The international community is made up of many state actors that contribute in some form or other to establish a world that can establish key public goods. When more than one nation is trying to come together to achieve their collective goods, the nation may be confronted with a number of issues. There are times when the countries may need to come together to make decisions in specific topics like global warming, ozone depletion, space exploration amongst many other issues that require group attention (Stiles p269). A collective good does not belong to one specific player, cannot be withheld from a player and can be used by all players. When referring to collective goods there must be an investment or expenses may be accrued in the good by the player(s). The decision that must be made is which player will be making the investment and this is agreed to by negotiation.
One of the many influences of the creation of collective goods is the Kyoto Protocol. The Kyoto Protocol focuses on many issues that cross national boundaries and require the attention of more than one country at a time. This leads to an international affairs situation where various countries have to solve problems of a trans-boundary nature (Stiles p.268). In order for this to occur the countries must first acknowledge that there is a need for a collective good. The problem arises however when countries use their judgment to determine how and if they should contribute to the collective good. Some countries may suggest that the country that has caused the most damage should be responsible party and should contribute more money (Stiles p269). It is rarely the case when all the countries involved offer to contribute their share without any hesitation. It ...
... middle of paper ...
...re fearful of the other powerful countries (United States and Russia). This changed during the end of the Cold War giving a new era of promise and an evolving international order (Grant p572). In 1994, the Global Conference on Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States made it clear that national, regional and international levels need to work together for better outcomes (Grant p581). In this conference, Third World Countries that the United Nations should also place more focus on hard economic issues as well. The agenda for development was created to deal with sensitivity to development concerns and the influence of global development policy decisions that were aborted 15 years ago in the Cancun Summit (Grant p582). The global transformation will focus on advancing the interest of groups that have universal membership of the United Nations.
promoting collaboration among nations”, this image primarily to the act of giving rights for all
On the surface, the Treaty appears to be a mutualistic agreement between two equal parties, with the best interest
It was in this setting that the Nations of the world gathered to discuss the issue of global warming in late November of 1997 (Christianson 254). From the beginning, the United States was viewed as the villain. Undersecretary of State, Stuart Eizenstat, and head of the U.S. delegation, let it be known that no amount of pressure could force the administration to flinch. “We want an agreement, but we are not going to Kyoto at any cost” (qtd. in Christianson 255). Vice President Al Gore added: “We are perfectly prepared to walk away from an agreement that we don’t think will work”.
Smallman, Shawn C., and Kimberley Brown. "Introduction." Introduction to international & global studies. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2011. (4) (94). Print.
which infers working towards a goal in harmony. The Maastricht Treaty sounds like an ideal proposal on paper, but in reality it can't work. In order to adopt the treaty several countries will have to make sacrifices. The sacrificial. Nobody likes to make sacrifices.
Analysis of The Logic of Collective Action Public Goods and The Theory of Groups by Mancur Olson
Novak, Mary H. (1998, July 24). Kyoto Treaty A Giant Leap into the Economic Abyss. Houston Business Journal, 29 (10), p. 27A. [Online]. Available: http://insite.palni.edu/WebZ/Authorize:sessionid=0.
Ostrom, Elinor. 2009. “Building trust to Solve Commons Dilemmas: Taking Small Steps to Test an Evolving Theory of Collective Action.” In Games, Groups, and the Global Good, ed.
Fifty-eight years after the signing of the Charter, the world has changed dramatically. Its universal character and comprehensiveness make the United Nations a unique and indispensable forum for governments to work together to address global issues. At the same time, there remains a large gap between aspiration and real accomplishment. There have been many successes and many failures. The United Nations is a bureaucracy that struggles – understandably – in its attempt to bring together 191 countries. It must come at no surprise, therefore, that a consensus cannot always be reached with so many different competing voices.
Entering the 21st. Century – World Development Report 1999/2000. World Bank 2000. Oxford University Press. New York, NY 2000.
The Copenhagen Accord allows global nations to contribute to the goal of having cleaner, safer and cooler living environment and planet. The Copenhagen Accord also requires all parties such as the US, UN, China, India, South Africa, Brazil and other countries to submit their individual emission reduction goals. These records will be classified by the two appendices attached to the agreement: the Annex I Parties and the Non-Annex I parties. The Annex I Parties will require submission on emission reduction objective for 2020. While the Non-Annex I parties will submit their individual plans for specifying their plan to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases.
United Nations Publications. Commission for Social Development: Report on the Forty-fourth Session 18 February 2005 And 8-17 February And 22 March 2006. New York: United Nations Publications, 2006. Print.
McMichael, Philip, ed 2012. Development and Social Change: A Global Perspective, 5th ed. London: Sage Publications, Inc.
One of the principal organs, the General Assembly, provides a setting for all members to vote and present and express opinions on resolutions and ideas brought to their attention. The importance of this forum has only grown as the world has becoming increasingly globalized and interconnected. If communication is so immediate, is there a need for formal assemblies? The fact remains that there are far too many actors and too many coordination and collective action problems to for IOs to not have a space for states too communicate all together. It is still important for each and every state to hear information directly and with limited misinterpretation, just because communication can be instantaneous, does not mean all states will reach out to every other state in the world system. International organizations present opportunities for all voices to be heard. Furthermore, formal assemblies provide a chance for non-government organizations and government organizations to educate states on issues which they believe are
International collection action has only been a success in a few countries example Mediterranean Action plan for reducing pollution within the Mediterranean sea and the Montreal protocol on substances that delete the ozone layer, an agreement that limits damage to the earth’s protective layer of