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Community crime prevention strategies
What cause and criminal behaviour
Community crime prevention strategies
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January is the start of a New Year; a time when many are celebrating their New Year’s resolutions and enjoying a day off from work. This year, the community of Shartlesville, Pennsylvania had no such luck. I woke up that day and almost swallowed my toothpaste (not to mention my toothbrush). I looked out the window of my bathroom to see the door to my Ford Explorer wide open. I ran out the front door, shoe-less, to take inventory. The Garmin GPS unit, a gift I received for Christmas, was missing. The dashboard of my vehicle was destroyed. Someone tried to take my car's radio, but broke it instead. I thought maybe I left a window down, but the broken glass scattered across the driver's side of the car suggested otherwise. Looking down my street, many of my neighbors were in the same situation. Broken glass and tears covered the streets. Crime is an increasing problem in Shartlesville; we must stop treating it casually and seek help to put an end to it.
Many people have never heard of Shartlesville. The quaint village is in a very rural area of Pennsylvania. Shartlesville is a town surrounded by miles of beautiful farm land and the rolling hills of the Appalachian Mountains. Its population consists of a mere 279 people (Shartlesville Community Summary Information). If a crime were committed, one would think locating the perpetrator would be simple with a population so small. This is not so. Finding a culprit is very difficult when no one is looking.
In December 2008, Christmas decorations cover the town. I stopped home to grab presents preparing to make the long drive to my parents' house. I approach the back door, keys in hand, and see that it is already open. Inside my currently under-construction home, I see fresh foot prints ...
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... The residents of Shartlesville need a police officer to keep the streets safe. If an officer is not hired, crime could continue to rise and it won't be just eggshells we are cleaning up anymore. We could be sweeping up the ashes of a home from a prank gone too far. This outcome isn't confirmed, but do we really want to wait and see what happens? Nobody wants to increase taxes, but each resident has been effected in some way by the crimes. Within the past two years, some of them have lost hundreds, if not thousands of dollars already from the robberies or vandalism. A mere twenty-eight dollars a month to eliminate heart-break caused by neighborhood malevolence, seems so minor when you compare it to what it will do for the community. It's time time to protect our families, our community, and our spirits. It's time to seize the day and say yes to local law enforcement.
Anderson may seem like a travel novelist in his writing, but far more is being critiqued in his research. Notably, he is using the ethnographic methodology of research, in which he, through observation, describes a “conceptual picture” (Anderson, 1998, 65). Anderson is analyzing the effect of violence in the social structure of the neighborhoods along Germantown Avenue, and how its effects are visible in the actions of individuals on the street. For one to understand violence it is necessary to understand where violence occurs and, specifically, what in the environment allows violence to occur. Anderson is successfully explaining the transitions of one neighborhood to another, at the same time he is evaluating the normative behavior of the people interacting with the environment of the neighborhood.
The piece goes on to say that “gang members, drug dealers, two-bit criminals, wannabes, etc. are taking a vacation and taking advantage of the police not wanting to be in the area because police are the targets for all these gang members and drug dealers.” The video continues on stating that this is all occurring as arrest numbers have dropped 32%; a concerning result of police officers being targeted, fearing for their lives, feel alienated and concerned about doing their jobs. The guest also states “this is exactly what the city government gets…The police department doesn’t feel the police commissioner has stood by it, and the mayor threw them under the bus by inviting the DOJ to come and investigate an alleged presence of racism…{So they} are making no proactive stops; not stopping people and shaking them down, not searching people or looking for guns or drugs, basically just answering the calls to service…taking care of the good citizens who are in trouble…and taking care of their fellow officers because they now have to worry about making a mistake and getting charged with false arrest, false imprisonment, and the loss of their freedom.” The guest also predicts that many of the police officers will leave to find places that will respect them and support them when they make lawful arrests and do their job, leaving only those who would do nothing and mindlessly agree with the
In the study, they neglect to factor in the financial needs of their subjects. The study of Broken Window was based on the results received from higher income neighborhoods; in those neighborhoods financial circumstances are not crucial to families. Financial factors vary from neighborhood to neighborhood and even from family to family within the same neighborhoods. Ignoring this financial need in the areas where the studies were done lead to fundamental misunderstandings in the theory. The study generalizes the outcome of one broken window. Having a broken window on any property does not automatically lead to more broken windows, like suggested by the results of the cars placed in California and the Bronx. The level of desperation of families due to their financial circumstances leads to increasing crime rates. When the economy is unstable, a lot of people become unemployed; people that still have the obligation of sustaining their families. This may lead them to turn to illegal activities for a fast extra source of income. In these situations, crimes involving robberies and drugs increase in
As we all know, the presence of law enforcement resources, police in particular, in high crime areas does reduce crime rate through the fear of apprehension, but what impact does an unexpected and extreme police presence have on non- criminogenic areas? The article that I am evaluating studies whether increasing in police attention in non-traditional high crime areas succeeds in its deterrent affects or instead creates more crime and disorder problems in these communities. In January 2008, an area that was close to a university campus and not commonly known for disorders witnessed a sever crime of abducting a young women whose dead body was found several months later. As a result, the police surrounded the area where the crime took place, and conducted many neighbor interviews. Due to the multi-jurisdictional nature of the case, the area was overwhelmed with the presence of state, county, local and university law enforcement which surprisingly had a negative Impact on the crime rate in the area.
Policing in the United States has mainly been based and expanded on the ideas of English way of policing. The English way of policing has not only been used as the basis for American policing but it has also been used to commence an era of evolving police agencies. In its early years, policing in the United States was largely regarded as a civic duty or responsibility of community members. The appointed officers were neither trained nor paid for their services to community members. Consequently, the chosen Sheriffs were usually motivated by financial incentives and lost their focus on enforcement of the law, which contributed to the perception that policing was primarily reactive in nature. However, the nature and structure of policing changed significantly following the emergence of urbanization, industrialism, and the society, which resulted in increase in crime. This forced the police or law enforcement officers to adopt a more proactive approach rather than the reactive approach that was traditionally associated with law enforcement. Notably, the history of policing has been characterized by considerable changes from time to time due to several factors like technological advancements and increase in threats to security.
James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling were not the first researchers to point out the damaging effects that disorder, such as run-down buildings and graffiti, had on communities. They were, however, the first to accuse disorder of actually encouraging crime. (Gau & Pratt, 2010) The researchers were set on improving the minor problems in communities. Researchers dubbed these irritants “incivilities” or “disorder” and proposed that vandalism, graffiti, prostitution, aggressive panhandling and other socially undesirable conditions were the real causes behind people’s fear of crime. By doing so, Wilson and Kelling believed the appearance of the communities would greatly improve, decreasing the citizen’s fear of crime. Citizens would begin to take pride in their community and feel comfortable enough to just walk the streets. (2011, 106)
DPD has created many community partnerships in efforts to “fix the broken windows” in the community. Investigator Kent addressed these programs. “DeWitt [Police Departme...
Statistics reveal that since 1960, crime rates have substantially increased from 1,620 per 100,000 persons to 4,593 per 100,000 persons in 1995.(1) This data illustrates the degeneration of society's "safety blanket." People no longer feel secure in the United States as they did in the past. They have become more vulnerable than ever to random acts of violence. Crime is ubiquitous and strikes at the heart of Americans when people least expect it, robbing them of their health, property, and loved ones. As a result, society has lost its confidence and assurance that the streets remain safe. Americans have become anxious about their safety knowing that "eight out of ten Americans are likely to be victims of crime in their lives."(2) Moreover, their belief and hope for a safer future has eroded.
Then all of a sudden, instead of going up and up and up, the crime rate began to fall. And fall and fall and fall some more. The crime drop was startling in several respects. It was ubiquitous, with every category of crime in every part of the country. It was persistent, with incremental decreases year after year. And it was entirely unanticipated, especially because the public had been anticipating the opposite...
The need for the police and the public to work together was recognized as far back as the 19th century. In 1829, the Metropolitan Police of London was established by Sir Robert Peel. Peel worked in many areas of government during his career striving to pass legislation to reform child labor laws and other statutes to help protect working Londoners. However, he is recalled by many as the “Founder of Modern Policing” (Jones, 2004). During his time as British Home Secretary, Peel took on lowering London’s rising crime rate, in addition to reforming the criminal code of the time. Peel’s police force was uniformed and its members were taken from the people it served. He believed this, along with strict discipline, was a key to keeping law and order in the streets of London (Jones, 2004).
Burglaries, robberies, and shootings, all of which may leave victims or innocent bystanders severely hurt or dead, are now frequent enough to concern all urban and many suburban residents. Living in a dangerous environment places young people at risk of falling victim to such malicious and aggressive behavior observed and learned from others. Social institution such as education, family, religion, peer groups, etc., play a major role in the influence of crime in the urban neighborhoods that Anderson describes. As said in the essay, "although almost everyone in poor inner-...
The objective of this essay is to examine one of the six pillars of the President’s Task Force on 21st century policing. Of the six pillars, pillar four’s target is the importance of community policing and crime reduction. The definition of community policing is the use of partnership and problem-solving methods to address public safety issues, such as crime, fear of crime and social disorders. The highlight of community policing is that it partners with residents in the community to implement public safety. Some background into how community policing came to be was in the 1960s and 70s, civil rights protest were in effect. For example San Diego’s police department conducted a study with community policing. “Officers were expected to become
Community policing is a concept and approach which recognizes that law enforcement alone cannot solve the root causes of crime. Law enforcement agencies are not staffed, trained nor equipped with all of the tools necessary to address the underlying factors that contribute to crime and disorder. A collaborative approach, enlisting the input and participation of public and private stakeholders will provide the greatest resources in the comprehensive effort to address the underlying factors contributing to crime.
To conclude, Community policing represents a major development in the history of American law enforcement, but the extent to which this approach is a success and dominates contemporary policing remains a source of debate. In my point of view, community policing is good for communities. It has challenged the traditional concept of the police as crime-fighters by drawing attention to the complexities of the police role and function. In addition to the police officer hard work; citizens can also make a difference and contribute to make neighborhoods a better place to live. For instance, citizens can hold community meetings to talk about concerns and agree on solutions help organize healthy activities for children in your neighborhood, join or starting a neighborhood crime watch program, and talk to your community police officers and share information and concerns.
Community policing is a law enforcement strategy that encourages interactive partnerships between law enforcement agencies and the people they serve (Berlin, Michael M. "Encyclopedia of Community Policing and Problem Solving.") These partnerships help communities find solutions to problems with collaborative problem solving and improved public trust. Through this model, the public plays a role in prioritizing public safety problems (Berlin, Michael M. "Encyclopedia of Community Policing and Problem Solving.")