4A-William E. Rees - “Thinking ‘Resilience’” Rees begins with the by filling the audience in on how the world is “getting easier and better,” and medical and technological advances have lead to the rapid growth of the population. (25) The advances and “progress” we have made has lead to a long and comfortable life. The author then lists multiple failed management endeavors, which had initially thought to alleviate or reverse environmental issues. He cites that the reason for the failures is that the models did not reflect the stress of the human demand, “The sheer scale of human demands on nature has pushed many socioecosystems into unfamiliar and often unfriendly territory.” (27) Ecologists have supposed that when socio-ecosystems lose their …show more content…
Who hasn’t seen the critical examples of overpopulation that are always depicted with large cities, tall buildings and many people? It is a common thought that cities are the cause of air pollution and are in no way thought of to be sustainable or as having a smaller footprint than those residing in rural zones. Yet, this chapter shows that the criticisms have no bearing when it comes to cities and rather, cities are better in terms of stronger economies, those who live in cities have smaller families, and the more the city is developed the lower the level of poverty (unlike rural areas which shows to have a higher level of poverty). The misconception that cities are actually overusing resources and contributing to environmental degradation is not the case. The chapter cites that this is not so, it is rather “industries and commercial and industrial enterprises (or corporations) and middle and upper income groups with high consumption lifestyles.” (56) These wealthier people who want to live more luxuriously, often live on acres of land with multiple cars, thus do not often reside in the city. The chapter continues to list the positive roles of cities, for example, “lower costs per household and per enterprise for the provision of piped, treated water supplies…collection and disposal of human wastes.” (56) Another positive is the efficient use from recycled waste, also a smaller demand for land relative to the population in cities. The fourth advantage is listed as more efficient heating techniques, and fifthly, a greater use of public transportation. The rich culture found in cities is also cited in the chapter. It concludes with the need for “good governance,” whereby the goals are met and cost is not past onto others, without it the cities are left to be sources of pollution, sickness, and waste
Garrett Hardin, an American ecologist, warned of the dangers of overpopulation. In Hardin’s best-known works, “The tragedy of the Commons” and “Lifeboat Ethics,” he talks about the importance of sustainability and requiring everyone to take action. Hardin stresses the importance of evaluating our environment to maintain a high quality of life without sacrificing future generations ability to do the same. Sustainability is having a healthy balance between economic, social, and ecological issues. In my essay, I will expand on these issues and how they are addressed in Hardin’s writings.
This view of the city reinforces Thomas Malthus’ principle of population because the earth had been so overpopulated that it could no longer support natural resources due to the lack of uncontrolled population. Due to the lack of population control, the Earth had become uninhabitable as it can be assum...
With urban population growth, both ecological and industrial consequences directly affect those in poverty and the urban poor. Slums usually develop in the worst types of terrain, and lead to flooding, landslides, and fires that destroy thousands of people’s homes. Yet population growth and the amounts of waste created by urban civilizations are also pushed on the hidden faces and locations of those on the outskirts of the cities. “If natural hazards are magnified by urban poverty, new and entirely artificial hazards are created by poverty’s interactions with toxic industries, anarchic traffic, and collapsing infrastructures” (Davis 128).
According to Edward Glaeser, there are many benefits of living in the city as opposed to living in the suburbs or other places, such as enabling creativity and productivity, are more friendly to the environment. One of these benefits he wrote about is that “cities magnify human strengths” (Document 2). He explains how they attract talent and improve it based on competition which allows for social and economic mobility. He also explains how cities “use less motor vehicles” (Document 1). The reason he says this is present in cities, people walk on foot a lot more, which reduces the need for motor vehicle such as cars or motorcycles, which release a lot of Co2 and other greenhouse gases that are harmful to the environment. Glaeser also writes
This reading, or an updated version, is something everyone should be required to read and at least consider the possibilities it entails. The ecosystem is an irreplaceable aspect to our society and people need to begin to realize the damage that is being caused by not understanding the harm they are enacting on the ecosystem. The ecosystem does adapt to change but what happens when the change caused is too violent for the ecosystem to manage, and it crumbles? I hope it never gets to this point and the more people who understand that without change the deterioration of the ecosystem is inevitable, the faster society can get on the correct track and amend the damage caused to the environment. It is time for people to stop being selfish and understand there is more to our society than
While many people continue to live their lives in cities, some may come to the impression that they are “wasteful.” The individual who strives to do their best to eventually reach their dreams, and gain the material things they desire might not seem very effective, compared to the one who is content with their simple, more “pure” life in some vast land away from the city. However, there is a better chance of seeing more people like the former rather than the latter. Certainly, most people today do not live on farms, vacant marshes, or vast deserts, and instead live in cities. Most often, those people would avoid living in such provincial places because of their distinct conditions. Although if we were to determine which type of life is more
Nevertheless, John Bellamy Foster, an eco-socialist, diachronically analyzes the history of human, society and nature at the same time, showing how human activities, specifically the activities of capital formation for personal profit, destroyed the ecosystem. It is an impressive narrative style to see how the three perspectives worked together, rather than just focusing on human-centered view,
Again, this section will give a working definition of the “urban question’. To fully compare the political economy and ecological perspectives a description of the “urban question” allows the reader to better understand the divergent schools of thought. For Social Science scholars, from a variety of disciplines, the “urban question” asks how space and the urban or city are related (The City Reader, 2009). The perspective that guides the ecological and the social spatial-dialect schools of thought asks the “urban question” in separate distinct terminology. Respected scholars from the ecological mode of thinking, like Burgess, Wirth and others view society and space from the rationale that geographical scope determines society (The City Reader, 2009). The “urban question” that results from the ecological paradigm sees the relationship between the city (space) as influencing the behaviors of individuals or society in the city. On the other hand...
Chaffey, J. (1994). The challenge of urbanisation. In M. Naish & S. Warn (Eds.), Core geography (pp. 138-146). London: Longman.
2. What is the thesis being examined or proposed, in what context? Through socialist types of ideals for a balanced community, environmental concerns as a healthy relationship with nature and a self-sustainable life, the author explains that issues on big cities could be resolved by designing smaller well-connected nodes to form a metropolitan region. Urban issues include the increase in population causing health related problems, and overcrowded urban areas creating very distinct
The Negative Effects of Urbanization on People and their Environment As our world becomes increasingly globalized, numerous people travel to urban areas in search of economic prosperity. As a consequence of this, cities in periphery countries expand at rates of 4 to 7 percent annually. Many cities offer entrepreneurs the potential for resources, labor, and resources. With prosperity, cities also allow the freedom of a diversity of ways of life and manners (Knox & Marston, 2012). However, in the quest to be prosperous, increasing burdens are placed on our health and the condition of our environment.
Urbanization has raised a series of major problems in energy supply, homelessness, pollution and destruction of natural habitats, high concentration of population and crime. Alongside with urbanization, side effects raised e.g. conurbation. In general terms urbanization is caused by the mass population searching for better living standards, more chances of employment and higher wages, as it is believed that services and economy are concentrated and mainly developed in cities. At the beginning of the 20th centuries 2 cities exceeded a million people population, what is known as millionaire cities.
As previously implied, cities are currently the antithesis of even the barest sense of sustainability. To succinctly define the term “sustainability” would be to say that it represents living within one’s needs. When it comes to the city, with almost zero local sources of food or goods, one’s means is pushed and twisted to include resources originating far beyond the boundaries of the urban landscape. Those within cities paradoxically have both minimal and vast options when it comes to continuing their existence, yet this blurred reality is entirely reliant on the resources that a city can pull in with its constantly active economy.
...ffects on human health. These have high negative effects on low income areas, as a result of pollution, visual, oral and air, as well as high levels of overcrowding. The World Health Organisation predicts that in the next 30years most of the world’s population growth will occur in cities and towns of poor countries. This rapid, unplanned and unsustainable pattern of urbanisation, is creating cities into focal points for environmental and health hazards (World Medical Association, 2010).
Environmental philosophers are able to open up a range of different ideas behind our environmental crisis. They do this by not only looking at physical marks left by humans on the earth but also at the very humans themselves. Theories don’t only explain complex dynamics and structures but give us an opportunity to reflect upon our own behaviors and decisions in relation to the environment.