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Effects of globalization on society
Effects of globalization on society
Effects of globalization on society
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Introduction
Globalization process highly contributed to the global market’s increased activity and partially its integration. There is however a question if globalization helped by the distribution of democracy. I am afraid many people would answer negatively. Thus, is the concentration of global capital mainly in the northern hemisphere positively influencing democracy? Civil society has a task to advocate and protect democracy in the globalization era, especially in regard to the global management and redistribution of the profits of globalization and mollifying its drawbacks. There are also opinions, among others by an American John Cavanagh from the Institute of Policy Studies and Martin Khor, a Research Director of Third World Network in Penang, Malaysia – that in the 21st century there will be a comeback to the brutal capitalism of the 19th century, and that the globalization achieved a destruction of the nation states’ power . Moreover, as argued by Riva Krut, the fate of democracy is not any more in the hands of national states, but rather civil society and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) .
The role and significance of civil society in the globalization era
It should be remembered that civil society is not expected to replace governments, or any commercial market institutions. It is supposed to create the so called third sector which builds a functioning society that has a right to observe the implementation of public policy and preserve the transparency of governance. Civil society was defined by London School of Economic Center for Civil Society as following: Civil society refers to the arena of uncoerced collective action around shared interests, purposes and values. In theory, its institutional form...
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...aper No. 83, April 1997, UNRISD.
7. London School of Economic Center for Civil Society: http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/CCS/introduction/default.htm
8. The ECOSOC Statute for Non-Governmental Organisations: http://www.staff.city.ac.uk/p.willetts/NGOS/RES31-96.HTM
9. The Rural Advancement Foundation International: http://www.rafiusa.org/
10. Third World Network, The World Trade Organization, Trade and Environment, position paper of the Third World Network, Penang, Malaysia, 1994.
11. Vander Stichele Myriam, Transnational Institute, TNCs run amuck, in ECO/CSD, 29 April 1996.
12. Public Services International, Hall-Jones Peter, The rise and rise of NGOs: http://www.world-psi.org/Template.cfm?Section=Home&CONTENTID=11738&TEMPLATE=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm
13. UNRISD, States of Disarray: The Social Effects of Globalization, UNRISD, Geneva, 1995.
Street, P. Capitalism and Democracy "Don't Mix Very Well": Reflections on globalization, February, 2000. Z online Magazine:
Activities and philosophies that advocate for the connecting of communities with socially sentient beliefs and actions is what have come to be referred to as civic engagement. They are thus individual or collective actions aimed at addressing issues that are deemed to be of public concern. They can be manifested in many ways including; public service, civil activity, service-learning, crusading and advocacy to mention but a few as the list is endless.
Social economy mainly includes cooperative, not for profit, and voluntary activities which make this concept similar to third sector of society that includes citizens associations and foundations. Third sector is defined by reference to the public sector (state, government, public administration) and the private sector (com...
Shangquan, Gao. “Economic Globalization: Trends, Risks, and Risk Prevention.” Development. United Nations, 2001. Web. 10 Dec. 2013. .
Following the Great Recession, the world has been facing complex global transformations. Dani Rodrik’s “The Globalization Paradox: Democracy and the Future of the World Economy” portrays the challenges of the implications that our current model of globalization relies upon. Rodrik’s work reveals both the implications and connections of the relationships between markets, the states, and globalization in the currently changing world. Throughout the book, Rodrik argues the validity of five key points: markets require regulatory institutions, such institutions take on a variety of forms, societies should orient their market-supporting institutions to their own unique needs, markets that are responsive to democracy can avoid institutional convergence, and a world that is responsive to democracy will not reach full globalization. This book has made me question the long term sustainability of the already evolving economic globalization process. Rodrik explains that the process of globalization must be managed so that the entire world can benefit.
...liberalisations have had adverse consequences for some – including the poorest people – but should we automatically condemn trade initiatives because it means that one person loses or is pushed into poverty? The identification of hardship arising from a generally desirable policy reform should stimulate the search for complementary policies to minimise the adverse consequences and reduce the hurt that they unintentionally cause (Winters, 2002). ‘No country has successfully developed its economy by turning its back on international trade and long-term foreign investment’; although trade alone may not offer a solution for poverty reduction, the OECD and DFID have recently published reports identifying that combining aid and trade initiatives and encouraging the integration of trade and aid could progressively and sustainably alleviate poverty (OEDC, 2009; DFID, 2005).
Globalisation has been one of the most significant developments of the last half century, and issues such as trade and international commerce have become increasingly important. In consequence, problems such as poverty, unfair wages and poor working conditions in third world countries have been drawn to the attention of consumers (Hayes and Moore, 2007). This is a growing global issue which cannot be ignored by anyone concerned about the problems in developing countries. Free trade and Fair Trade have both been offered as solutions to these issues.
Globalization is the new notion that has come to rule the world since the nineties of the last century with the end of the cold war. The frontlines of the state with increased reliance on the market economy and renewed belief in the private capital and assets, a process of structural alteration encouraged by the studies and influences of the World Bank and other International organisations have started in many of countries. Also Globalisation has brought in new avenues to developing countries. Greater access to developed country markets and technology transfer hold out promise improved productivity and higher living standard.
Since the late twentieth century, the world has experienced a vast transformation with regards to world economies, culture, and politics. The great advancements in technology and communication since the late twentieth century has served a catalysts for what is known today as globalization. The ambition to develop a single global economy along with a universal culture are the promises of globalization. Perhaps the clearest evidence that demonstrates globalization is a reality is the fact that at this point in time very diverse cultures form around the world closer to each other than ever before. That being said, when it comes to the spreading of democracy and human rights, having world cultures closer to each other can prove to be beneficial
Civil society is both a way of describing aspects of modern society and an aspiration, an ideal of what a good society should be like. It has recently been revived to emphasize the capacity of societies to organize themselves through the active cooperation of their members. Unfortunately up to today we still don't have a universally recognised definition and the whole concept is still the core of a intense academic debate. That is why it seemed appropriate, for the purpouse of this paper, to analyse the historical evolution of the concept throughout the centuries.
Today in the present world, most countries have the core object of governance in the “public good provisioning ” leitmotif. According to the main principles ; accountability, participation and transparency, from the governance ecology interaction between the State, Civil Society and Market –place, within the global-village environment, (Higgot and Ougaard 2002; Stiglitz 2003; Woods 2006) “Governance Deteriorate the Economical Progress of the Developing Countries”(Box 15.4 Kaufmann, Kray, and Mastruzzi, 2008 p 291 Governance Matter Vll: some leading findings). In my opinion governance on itself without parametric recognition is doomed to fail, instead of reflecting to new mechanisms of responsibility to steer and guide the social and economical issues, which I will try to clarify in the upcoming body breakdown. Governance is supported as structure through institutions, as process through instruments and as agenda through elements of good governance, generating the capacity to improve significant development and positive impact of economic growth and to cut back destitution. Despite of the fact that developing countries can come in line with the quality of governance by accepting it as a crucial determinant of developmental performance, it didn’t came into effect. The underlying fact of weak and poor governance was identified as a result, for not effectuating the measureme...
Over the last couple of years, the world has become increasingly globalized. After the cold war, all parts of the world were attracted to the process of globalization. The effect of globalization is uneven in different parts of the world and globalization suggests a world full of persistent cultural interaction and exchange, contacts and connection, mixture and movement. Different people view globalization in different ways. Some people feel it has done more good than harm, while others believe it has done more harm than good. This essay will give a deep intuitive understanding of globalization, world systems, and how globalization has affected society, culture, economics, and politics.
Globalization is a term that is difficult to define, as it covers many broad topics in the global arena. However, it can typically be attributed to the advancement of economic, social, and cultural interactions among the companies, citizens, organizations, and governments of nations; globalization also focuses on the interactions and integration of countries (The Levin Institute 2012). Many in the Western world promote globalization as a positive concept that allows growth and participation in a global community. Conversely, the negative aspects rarely receive the same level of attention. Globalization appears to be advantageous for the privileged few, but the benefits are unevenly distributed. For example, the three richest people in the world possess assets that exceed the Gross National Product of all of the least developed countries and their 600 million citizens combined (Shawki and D’Amato 2000). Although globalization can provide positive results to some, it can also be a high price to pay for others. Furthermore, for all of those who profit or advance from the actions related to globalization, there are countless others who endure severe adverse effects.
Proponents have a strong belief in free markets and limited governments intervention. According to Preble (2010), globalization has led to the creation of jobs, higher living standards and a higher variety of goods available to consumers. International trade is one of the driving forces behind globalization. Countries specialize in specific goods wherein it has a comparative advantage. This results in a higher efficiency and productivity and ultimately leading to an improvement of the living standards. As a consequence, export increases. Hereto, more jobs are created, a higher variety of goods are available and international competition has increased. This results in lower prices, keeping the inflation in check (Preble, 2010). Furthermore, Preble (2010) states that the increase of trade in goods and services, foreign direct investment and cross-border investment have been important for the success of globalization. Other important benefits, mentioned by the proponents of globalization, are the promotion of information exchange and high understanding of a variety of cultures. Globalization has led to a world where “democracy has triumph over autocracy” (BBC News, 2000, as stated in Preble, 2010, p. 334).
There is an undeniable fact that there has been a rise in globalization. It has become a hot topic amongst the field of international politics. With the rise of globalization, the sovereignty of the state is now being undermined. It has become an undisputed fact that the world has evolved to a new level of globalization, the transferring goods, information, ideas and services around the globe has changed at an unimaginable rate. With all that is going on, one would question how globalization has changed the system that is typically a collection of sovereign states. Do states still have the main source of power? What gives a state the right to rule a geographically defined region? It is believed by many that due to the introduction of international systems and increasing rate of globalization, the sovereignty of the state has been slowly eroded over time. My paper has two parts: First, it aims to take a close look at how globalization has changed the way the economy worked, specifically how it opened doors for multinational corporations to rise in power. Second, to answer the question, is it possible for it to exist today? And even so, should it?