From Village to City
Over the years of history, there have been many civilizations. We will look at the earliest of all civilizations known to man. From Village to City began in 8000BC and spanned all the way into 3000BC. This essay we will look at the 6 key features of this civilization.
The development of a city:
The first city to be built was Jericho, in the Middle East Map:
This map is a picture of what the division of land would have looked like in those times. Clearly identified here, it is possible to see Babylon, Ur, and Eridu. c Microsoft Encarta '95. (Appendix 1). Summer at this time evolved into the largest city-state, established by a people known as the
Ubaidians. The development of the city, allowed for rapid population growth due to the abundance of food. Sheep, goat and pigs had been originally domesticated for use as food, not as sources of clothing. The main economic activity during this time was trade and barter. Obsidian, a volcanic glass was fashioned into razor sharp tools and weapons. It was also used as trade. People who lived near Obsidian deposits often risked their lives to collect it and eventually barter it off for food or money.
Obsidian comes from volcanoes and was a kind of glass, the only of the times. The value of Obsidian was great, and so therefore was the supply and demand. Salt, ore, copper, and soapstone were accepted trade materials around 8000BC. Most of the Village to City civilization took place during the copper age, when copper was mined and used for many purposes. Trade developed between different cities, Jericho, Sumer, Adab, Eridu, Isin, Kish,
Kullab, Lagash, Larsa, Nippur and Ur. Most of the trade consisted of livestock and other things such as weapons and food.
Sumerians constructed large temples called Ziggurats. These temples were the focal point of religious activities in towns. They were made of sun-dried mud bricks that eroded easily. Not many of these remain today.
Near 4000BC, urban societies included, farmers, herders, merchants, artisans, priests, debtors, creditors and social leaders. Economic authority in that time took the form of tax collection, creditors and debtors. Civil authority was created with the use of Hammurabi code.
Hammurabi Code is in a way the articulation of values. It reflects the way they believed that matters should be handled from their times.
After reading this journal you can most definitely see I connected with Pete’s pressures as a basketball player, questioned Ronnie’s actions in high school, and evaluated how great Pete was in college. Pete had a very unique basketball history whether it was in high school or in college he was just an out of this world basketball specimen.
In the Confessions, by Saint Augustine, Augustine addressed himself articulately and passionately to the persistent questions that stirred the minds and hearts of men since time began. The Confessions tells a story in the form of a long conversion with God. Through this conversion to Catholic Christianity, Augustine encounters many aspects of love. These forms of love help guide him towards an ultimate relationship with God. His restless heart finally finds peace and rest in God at the end of The Confessions.
The title of the novel, North and South by Elizabeth Gaskell reinforces the idea of the conflicts that surround urbanisation as the north (Milton) represents industrialisation and all things new while the south (Helstone) encompasses urban living and the past. This essay aims to discuss the different layers of conflict between the north and the south and how the novel may be read as both an industrial novel and a romance novel. This essay aims to discuss how the novel tackles the conflicts in society which eventually leads to the romantic interests of the novel representing a connection between the two worlds of the past and the present.
Romeo and Juliet, the broadly acknowledged representative of all romantic stories, portrayed a world of chaos with mere moments of tranquility throughout the whole play. Using various literary devices and imagery, Shakespeare presents the audience a vivid picture of Romeo and Juliet and the love between them. Love is the main theme in this story, probably superseding all the others; it is a violent, discouraging and yet intriguing force driving Romeo and Juliet closer to developing an amorous relationship. Love, identified by Shakespeare, is very forceful, can easily lead to violence, but most importantly, requires sacrifice and bravery.
no longer had communal rights to the land and had to look to the large
During the 354 to 430 AD, St. Augustine served as a bishop in the church of Hippo and at the same time, he was among the early founders of Christian churches in northern parts of Africa. He was also a theologian and his ideas that were influential to the Roman Catholic believers and the Protestants. His journey to Christianity was not just a walk in the park. Augustine, in his early ages, began finding reality about the widely held pagan beliefs and sects in his life. He also practised a lot of immorality. He then confessed, about his evil life in the book Confessions, which up-to-date is rated as an extreme Christian testimony (Nicholson, 2018).
William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet is perhaps one of the most well-recognized love stories of all time. However, it is more than just a classic love story, it is a tale of desperation and obsession. While developing these themes, Shakespeare contrasts Romeo and Juliet’s obsession with the concept of real love; he also demonstrates the danger of obsession-Romeo and Juliet do not heed Friar Laurence’s ominously omniscient warning “[t]hese violent delights have violent ends/ and in their triumph die, like fire and powder,/ which, as they kiss, consume”(II vi 9-11), and obsession with honor is likewise dangerous. He probes the theme of despair; the suicidal impulses that become reality for Romeo and Juliet are grounded in the dynamic and
Romeo and Juliet displays a clear but yet complicated views of love: Although love may seem powerless in this text, it actually is the driving force dictating the whole plot.
There are different types of land and recognizing the location of each of them is imperative to the creation of any city. The various types
In Augustine’s Confessions, Augustine is faced with many different situations and tough times, but during these times he is also blessed with good friends who help him through all of it. His story as a whole represents the purpose of life, which is finding people to inspire him, help him, love him, and have his best interests at heart to lead him to his destiny. Throughout
Romeo and Juliet is renowned as William Shakespeare’s most archetypal love story in English literature. The influence of love on the characters is exhibited both negatively and positively. It can be admired from the audience and the author itself that the bonds between Romeo and Juliet are so strong, despite their family’s rivalry. However, Shakespeare illustrates young love as ‘irrational’ and ‘inconsistent’. Love was also the unifying factor that aided the feud between the rivalling households. Though, Shakespeare writes Romeo and Juliet as a cautionary tale, demonstrating the consequences which arise and are provoked by love. These positive and negative factors regarding love have differing influences and outcomes on various characters
J.B. Harley, "Maps, Knowledge, and Power," in The Iconography of Landscape, ed. Denis Cosgrove and Stephen Daniels, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988: 289-90.
In the Confessions, Augustine reflects not only on his sinful nature, but also on why he sinned. What is sin to Augustine? struggled in realizing what is sin and what responibiliby humans should take for sinning. Augustine introduces the nature of sin from infancy and describes it as the original sin. Going further into his teenage years, sin was a major part of his life. Even when Augustine had turned his attention toward God, he was still struggling with his sinful nature. He spent a lot of time trying to figure out and understand why he sins in order to save his soul. Augustine’s perspective on sin is derived from birth and “born in Adam” nature, to later pursuit for pleasure and even pride or curiosity; however sin is what ultimately compels Augustine to God. Augustine references his selfish sins as a little boy, which were shocking even to the mature set
Confessions takes readers through Saint Augustine’s spiritual wandering prior to becoming a virtuous and highly influential bishop in the Catholic Church. The early stages of the book have Augustine reflecting on his childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood – parts of his life where he feels that he is dangerously far away from God. “At one time in adolescence I was burning to find satisfaction from hellish pleasures. I ran wild in the shadowy jungle of erotic adventures. ‘My beauty wasted away and in your sight I became putrid’,” displays how Augustine’s focus on worldly things