Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is the result of the obstruction of the airways and of the air out of the lungs as you exhale. Not only is this condition usually permanent with attacks (called exacerbations when the attacks become worse, even life-threatening) occurring over long periods of time (hence the word “chronic” in the name of the condition), it can also become more serious with each attack. COPD is usually caused by three conditions that over time that wreak havoc on the respiratory system. These conditions are: chronic bronchitis, chronic asthma, and emphysema. However, chronic asthma is not as likely to cause COPD as the chronic bronchitis and emphysema (which the chronic bronchitis and emphysema sometimes are BOTH found in an individual suffering from COPD). All of the conditions that I have mentioned that cause the COPD will eventually lead to damage to your airways and it will mess with the normal oxygen/carbon dioxide exchange that occurs in your lungs.
Chronic asthma, even though this condition is not one of the main conditions that lead to COPD, can still lead to that condition. Chronic asthma, if treated, can lessen the severity of the attacks and the obstruction of the airways, and usually these attacks will not cause damage within the lungs and the airways of the body and the obstructions are even completely unblocked. However, if these chronic attacks go untreated, the airway obstruction caused by the inflammation of the chronic asthma will then become “fixed” and will then become permanent. So if a person suffering from chronic asthma ignores the shortness of breath and inflammation that accompanies this condition, and they don’t treat it, they will be more susceptible to developing COPD.
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...A person with COPD can take good care of themselves and live a pretty normal life. While it is harder for a person with COPD to do day to day things, there are ways they can train their body and get by. Since this condition can be life threatening, and the attacks can be very scary, talking to their doctor can always help them deal with what is happening in their own body. They can give them advice and options that can make dealing with COPD a lot better on them physically and mentally.
Works Cited
http://www.medicinenet.com/chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease_copd/article.htm
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001153/
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/copdchronicobstructivepulmonarydisease.html
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/copd/DS00916
http://www.webmd.com/lung/copd/tc/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd-overview?page=3
One of the long-term breathlessness is usually caused by obesity or being unfit. Other is asthma that is not controlled properly. Moreover, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is not temporarily damage to the lungs usually caused by prolonged of smoking.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in this assignment will be referred to as COPD; it is a term for collective chronic lung conditions
Previous research used noninvasive ventilation to help those with COPD improve their altered level of consciousness by allowing the alveoli to be ventilated and move the trapped carbon dioxide out of the lungs. When too much carbon dioxide is in the blood, the gas moves through the blood-brain barrier and causes an acidosis within the body, because not enough carbon dioxide is being blown off through ventilation. The BiPAP machine allows positive pressure to enter the lungs, expand all the way to the alveoli, and create the movement of air and blood. Within the study, two different machines were used; a regular BiPAP ventilator and a bilevel positive airway pressure – spontaneous/timed with average volume assured pressure support, or AVAPS. The latter machine uses a setting for a set tidal volume and adjusts based on inspiratory pressure.
The principle cause of the COPD is long-term exposure to harmful airborne chemicals and particles. The best way for COPD patients to avoid getting worse is to avoid smoking (WebMD, 2016).
Some triggers to asthma may consist of allergies, air pollutants(smoke, mold or even fumes), and obesity. Allergies can initiate an allergic reaction which could then trigger asthma symptoms. Smoke settles in the moist lining of your airways and damages the thin structures known as cilia. Cilia cleans all the dust and mucus from those airways. Therefor without these hairlike networks present, particles accumulate and build up occur. Smoke, also can cause more mucus to form, which can, in turn, trigger an asthma attack. Obesity puts you at an increased risk of developing asthma. Being obese puts more abdominal fat on the lungs and limits their inflation capacities, impairing lung
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is preventable disease that has a detrimental effects on both the airway and lung parenchyma (Nazir & Erbland, 2009). COPD categorises emphysema and chronic bronchitis, both of which are characterised by a reduced maximum expiratory flow and slow but forced emptying of the lungs (Jeffery 1998). The disease has the one of the highest number of fatalities in the developed world due to the ever increasing amount of tobacco smokers and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality (Marx, Hockberger & Walls, 2014). Signs and symptoms that indicate the presence of the disease include a productive cough, wheezing, dyspnoea and predisposing risk factors (Edelman et al., 1992). The diagnosis of COPD is predominantly based on the results of a lung function assessment (Larsson, 2007). Chronic bronchitis is differentiated from emphysema by it's presentation of a productive cough present for a minimum of three months in two consecutive years that cannot be attributed to other pulmonary or cardiac causes (Marx, Hockberger & Walls, 2014) (Viegi et al., 2007). Whereas emphysema is defined pathologically as as the irreversible destruction without obvious fibrosis of the lung alveoli (Marx, Hockberger & Walls, 2014) (Veigi et al., 2007).It is common for emphysema and chronic bronchitis to be diagnosed concurrently owing to the similarities between the diseases (Marx, Hockberger & Walls, 2014).
COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is the name of a collection of lung diseases. Such as chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. 83% of the deaths caused by COPD are caused by smoking. Lung cancer, coughing, wheezing, and dying? Isn’t that what you think of when you hear smoking? You’re thinking yeah, I hear this all the time, I know what smoking does to you. But it does a lot more than just screw up your respiratory system. It messes everything up. Let’s start with skin, since this day and age everyone is obsessed with outer beauty. Smoking reduces the amount of oxygen that reaches that precious layer of yours. Causing it to become ashen and grey. Speeding up the aging process and increasing the likelihood of you looking like a withering
The patient in discussion has a past diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), with a history of environmental and personal risk factors that contributed to his diagnosis. COPD is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that affects gas exchange and oxygenation of all tissues. A common complication is cardiac failure (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2016, p. 558). A thorough assessment combined with laboratory and diagnostic tests will determine the appropriate nursing interventions and treatment to ensure patient X.X. receives the highest level of care. This case study outlines the progression of the patient’s hospitalization and subsequent care.
Parker, Steve. "Chronic Pulmonary Diseases." The Human Body Book. New ed. New York: DK Pub., 2007.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is the obstruction of airflow in the lungs that is not reversible. COPD includes chronic bronchitis, which is the chronic inflammation of the bronchioles where extra fluids are produced as well as a cough, and emphysema, which is larger air spaces in the lungs due to loss of airway walls. About one in every twenty patients will have COPD, with 70% of them being above the age of 45. Typically, the main cause of COPD is smoking, which accounts for nearly 90% of all COPD related deaths. The inhaled smoke irritates the mucosa of the lungs, which causes inflammation that then damages the mucosa and blocks airways. It is not a one-time cause and effect, but happens over periods of time and exposure. The more exposure, the more likely/severe the disease will appear. COPD is characterized by a chronic cough, large amounts of sputum production, and difficulty breathing that gets worse during exercise. There is no cure for COPD, but it is possible to decrease progression by ridding of irritants like by quitting smoking. Inhaled bronchodilators are used to help manage the disease and they help by reducing mucus production and relaxing smooth muscles of the lungs.
The symptoms may worsen with lying down in the night, and the patient may be Cyanosed in chronic bronchitis (Rice, 2012). The symptoms may be similar to those of other conditions, and the severity may depend on upon the amount of damage that has been caused to the lungs. There may be other symptoms in severe COPD such as swelling in the ankles, feet or legs with lower muscle endurance. After the doctor has explored the symptoms in a patient and diagnosed it as COPD, several treatment procedures are available depending on the severity of the condition. There are medications, surgeries and other therapies that are available for treatment of the management of the condition where I as the nurse would be involved in choosing the best of option together with the
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, also known as COPD, is a lung disease that block airflow and makes breathing difficult. There are two common condition, emphysema and chronic bronchitis that help make up COPD. There are also about four gold stages; mild, moderate, severe, and very severe. COPD is the fourth leading cause of death in the U.S, the disease typically occurs after age 35.
Carone M, D. C. ( 2007). Clinical Challenges In COPD[e-book]. (Oxford: Clinical Pub) Retrieved March 24, 2014, from (EBSCOhost).
...r illness causes them (). Service users expect respect and sensitivitiy as well as competent treatment and practical support. Nurses must be willing to engage with patients with effective therapeutic communication as well as demonstrating the 6 C’s (). It is evident that nutritional and fluid intake is important for COPD sufferers. It is a long term condition, so enabling people with the condition to self manage and to be educated about the importance of their health choices (By implementing a nursing model or theory and following the cycle of ASPIRE, it would seem impossible for the primary carer to not treat Mr B holistically. Every aspect of his life is affected by his COPD and by evaluating and backing up the care plan with evidence based practice, being in partnership with Mr B every step of the way, he would be able to get the help he needs.
Chronic bronchitis is a disorder that causes inflammation to the airway, mainly the bronchial tubules. It produces a chronic cough that lasts three consecutive months for more than two successive years (Vijayan,2013). Chronic Bronchitis is a member of the COPD family and is prominently seen in cigarette smokers. Other factors such as air pollutants, Asbestos, and working in coal mines contributes to inflammation. Once the irritant comes in contact with the mucosa of the bronchi it alters the composition causing hyperplasia of the glands and producing excessive sputum (Viayan,2013). Goblet cells also enlarge to contribute to the excessive secretion of sputum. This effects the cilia that carry out the mechanism of trapping foreign bodies to allow it to be expelled in the sputum, which are now damaged by the irritant making it impossible for the person to clear their airway. Since the mechanism of airway clearance is ineffective, the secretion builds up a thickened wall of the bronchioles causing constriction and increasing the work of breathing. The excessive build up of mucous could set up pneumonia. The alveoli are also damaged enabling the macrophages to eliminate bacteria putting the patient at risk for acquiring an infection.