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The effect of stress on cardiovascular disorders
Chronic heart failure literature review
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Level 1 Evidence NHMRC – Systematic Review This systematic review conducted by Takeda A, Taylor SJC, Taylor RS, Khan F, Krum H, Underwood M, (2012) sourced twenty-five trials, and the overall number of people of the collective trials included was 5,942. Interventions were classified and assessed using the following headings.- Takeda, Taylor, Khan, Krum, & Underwood. (2012) states ‘(1) case management interventions (intense monitoring of patients following discharge often involving telephone follow up and home visits); (2) clinic interventions (follow up in a CHF clinic) and (3) multidisciplinary interventions (holistic approach bridging the gap between hospital admission and discharge home delivered by a team). The components, intensity and duration of the interventions varied, as did the ‘usual care’ comparator provided in different trials’. (P. 2). The systematic review indicated (1) ‘Case management interventions were associated with reduction in all-cause mortality at 12 months follow up, but not at six months’. (Takenda, et al, 2012) The systematic review also went on to state that while case management interventions were not associated with reduced mortality, case management interventions were indicated to reduce the occurrence of patients presenting to hospital with exasperations of chronic heart failure. The benefits of case management based interventions were apparent after 12 months had lapsed. Six of the twenty five studies assessed (2) heart failure clinics, and the evidence for this intervention was less convincing with the review stating ‘there was no real difference in all-cause mortality, readmissions for HF or between patients who attended a clinic and those who received usual care’. (Takenda, et al., 2012) La... ... middle of paper ... ...858.CD003838.pub3. Heart failure. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.heartfoundation.org.au/information-for-professionals/Clinical-Information/Pages/heart-failure.aspx.2014. Jeon, Y., Kraus, S. G., Jowsey, T., & Glasgow, N. J. (2010). The experience of living with chronic heart failure: a narrative review of qualitative studies. BMC Health Services Research. doi:10.1186/1472-6963-10-77 Takeda A, Taylor SJC, Taylor RS, Khan F, Krum H, Underwood M. (2012). Clinical service organisation for heart failure (Review). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Issue 9. Art. No.: CD002752. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002752.pub3. Taylor RS, Sagar VA, Davies EJ, Briscoe S, Coats AJS, Dalal H, Lough F, Rees K, Singh S. Exercise-based rehabilitation for heart failure. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2014, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD003331. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003331.pub4.
It occurs because of repetitive electrical activity. This can occur in a patient with early or late heart failure, because there is damage to the heart tissue and the heart beats faster to try to supply the body with blood. Recommended treatment is elective cardioversion. Drugs used include an antidysrhythmic such as Mexitil or Sotalol (Ignatavicius &Workman, p. 728-729).
‘Long-Term Condition’ refers to a health problem that cannot be cured, however they can be managed by medication and other therapies (Snoddon, 2010) where as Margereson & Trenoweth (2010) state that long-term conditions are prolonged, they do not resolve spontaneously and they are rarely curable. It is felt that Snoddon’s (2010) definition portrays long-term conditions more positively and therefore more appropriate. Giving individuals hope that conditions can be managed to enable them to carry on living as independent as possible.
Standardizing The Hospital Discharge Process for Patients with Heart Failure to Improve the Transition and Lower 30 day Readmission. http://www.cfmc.org/integratingcare/files/Remington%20Report%20Nov%202011%20Standardizing%20the%20Hospital%20Discharge.pdf
Heart Failure (HF) is prevalent disorder that affected 6.6 million people in the United Sates during 2010 (Patarroyo-Aponte & Colvin-Adams, 2014). The heart lacks the ability to push oxygenated blood throughout the cardiovascular system. This disorder prevents vital organs from getting the oxygen needed in order to perform their duties as well. The disorder must be managed and maintained since HF is a disorder that not only affects the heart but respiratory system, endocrine system, digestive system and all other system (Chiarugi, Colantonio, Emmanouilidou, Martinelli, Moroni, & Salvetti, 2010). Heart failure is a serious disorder is which expected to increase by 25% by the year 2030. To coincide with the people diagnosed with heart failure, 50% of these people will die within the 5 years of being diagnosed (Patarroyo-Aponte & Colvin-Adams, 2014). With these numbers of diagnoses and mortality puts a strain on the quality of healthcare, cost of healthcare and workflow of healthcare system. However, the earlier the patient can be diagnosed with heart failure will help decrease mortality rates, hospital stays and cost of treatments. One of the ways of early detection for heart failure is by the implementation of a clinical decision support system (CDSS) into a healthcare facility.
Hypertension increases the risk of heart failure 2 to 3 fold. (He, et al, 2001) The American College of Cardiology (ACC) has identified 4 stages of heart failure. (Hunt, Abraham, Chin et al, 2009). Screening patients for heart failure is sometimes controversial. Health care administrators...
The purpose of the article, “The impact of Using Nursing Presence in a Community Heart Failure Program”, is to describe the concept of nursing presence and how it can positively influence patient outcomes. Key points mentioned were that presence as the basis of intervening builds trust, which is key to developing and maintaining self-care behaviors; nursing presence is a tool for the patient to experience physical and spiritual healing; committing to true presence means the nurse will willingly listen to the patient and supporting decisions. In a way being presence, is advocating for the patient; the nurse needs to be there mentally in order to effectively and safely care for the patient. According to Anderson, some key attributes of presencing
West, S. L., & O'Neal, K. K. (2004). Project D.A.R.E. outcome effectiveness revisited. American Journal of Public Health. doi:10.2105/AJPH.94.6.1027
“Heart failure is among the most common diagnoses in hospitalized adults in the United States” (Cole
Katzenstein, Larry, and Ileana L. Pinã. Living with Heart Disease: Everything You Need to Know to Safeguard Your Health and Take Control of Your Life. New York: AARP/Sterling Pub. Co, 2007. Print.
Thompson, P. D., Buchner, D., Pina, I. L., Balady, G. J., Williams, M. A., Marcus, B. H., ... Wenger, N. K. (2003). Exercise in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a statement from the Council on Clinical Cardiology. Journal of the American Heart Association, 3110-3116. http://dx.doi.org/doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000075572.40158.77
The uncertain nature of chronic illness takes many forms, but all are long-term and cannot be cured. The nature of chronic illness raises hesitation. It can disturb anyone, irrespective of demographics or traditions. It fluctuates lives and generates various inquiries for the patient. Chronic illness few clear features involve: long-lasting; can be managed but not cured; impacts quality of life; and contribute to stress. Chronic illnesses can be enigmatic. They often take considerable time to identify, they are imperceptible and often carry a stigma because there is little sympathetic or social support. Many patients receive inconsistent diagnoses at first and treatments deviate on an individual level. Nevertheless, some circumstances require
O'Brien, D. (2009). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs). In R. Mullner (Ed.), Encyclopedia of health services research. (pp. 1017-1021). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. doi: http://dx.doi.org.proxy1.ncu.edu/10.4135/9781412971942
These causes will change the heart significantly. The pathophysiology of heart failure is described differently as: (1) an oedematous disorder, by means of which the deviations in renal hemodynamics and excretory ability lead to salt and water holding; (2) a hemodynamic disorder, considered by peripheral vasoconstriction and decreased cardiac output; (3) a neurohormonal disorder, mainly by stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and adrenergic nervous system; (4) an inflammatory syndrome, related with amplified local and circulation pro-inflammatory cytokines; (5) a myocardial disease, started with an damage to the heart trailed by pathological ventricular transformation. In heart failure, the heart sustains either a sudden or longstanding structural injury. When damage occurs, sequences of firstly compensatory but consequently maladaptive mechanisms follow (Henry & Abraham, ).
Primary health problems at the time of enrolment into the TCM were 43% heart failure, 25% ischemic heart disease, 13% chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 7% diabetes and 12% other conditions. To compare ordinal data, the Wilcoxon sum tests were used, and t-tests were used for interval or ratio data. Propensity modelling was used to ensure the control and experimental groups were equally represented in demographics, socio-economic status and geographical characteristics. Study findings confirm earlier results regarding the effectiveness of the TCM in enhancing health outcomes and satisfaction with care among chronically ill older
In this article the authors have undertaken a cluster randomised controlled trial (RCT), unblinded, with 79 general practices in England participating, involving 2,142 patients. Of interest, originally, 41 practices had shown interest in this trial, 15 of these practices already had nurse-led clinics and so were ineligible to participate. With respect to the trial, there was a comparison of three groups of patients with coronary heart disease in primary care: an audit group, a GP recall group and thirdly a nurse recall group. The primary outcomes of the trial were associated with three risk factors: blood pressure (BP) and cholesterol levels, together with ascertaining smoking habits. Secondary outcomes were related to anti-hypertensive,