Infrastructure projects are crucial to China’s overall goal of getting access to Africa’s natural resources to power its economic engine. During the struggle against colonialism and the immediate period of the age of African independence in the 1960s and 1970s, China sought to back up its ideological support of African states with a measure of economic aid, focused on the building of infrastructure for the newly independence states. It is estimated that China provided more than 900 infrastructure projects to African states, including the railway between Tanzania and Zambia (TAZARA Railway) as the center piece of such demonstration projects (Ministry of Foreign Affairs – China pursues…, 2006). China’s economic aid in Africa was part of the cold war struggle for the “hearts and minds of Third World citizens”. China used its aid projects in Africa to convey the diplomatic message that it was on the side of the oppressed, and sought to strengthen alliances against the US and the USSR (Mooney 2005, p.1). Above all, spending on lavish infrastructure and prestige projects on the continent was meant to convey China’s interest in the continent, both as a partner in combating the negative influences of the cold war rivalry and undermining Taiwan’s quest for diplomatic recognition (Lyman, 2005, p.4). In addition to infrastructure, China focused on strengthening its credentials as a supporter of South- South economic interchange. This took the form of small scale technical cooperation, including provision of technical experts, training for African workers, cultural agreements and provision of scholarships for African students to study in Chinese universities. As Lammers (2007, p.2) points out, 15,000 Africans had graduated from Chinese insti...
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...ts out “… post-Tiananmen Square China remembered that Africa was a very useful support constituency if and when Beijing was in dispute with other global actors…” In the 1990s and the beginning of the new millennium, as China’s incorporation into the global economic intensified, along with its remarkable economic performance vis-à-vis the major economic powers, Africa became an appealing arena for resources and markets for this new economic power. China’s government seems to have made the strategic calculation of expanding its foreign direct investment into Africa to rely on its vast resource wealth. From a geo-economic perspective, the African continent presented opportunities for China’s extractive industries to meet the country’s resource needs. China has limited resources of oil and gas, accounting for only 2.3 and 0.9 per cent respectively (Nolan, 2004, p.246).
In the graphic feature, “What is Language?” it says, “Language is more than talking and hearing. It is what we share when we do things together. It is how we create common ground. It is how we collect shared meanings.” For Instance, language is how we share ideas and act upon them. Just think that you see a cat in a tree and it can’t get down. Then, you go and tell a figure in charge and everyone helps get the cat down. When there is trouble or some important information that you need to tell someone you need to use all four steps of language to get what is needed to be
It is thought-provoking, in the sense that Africa’s need for foreign created a race to the bottom, much like what Pietra Rivoli described in The Travels of a T-Shirt in the Global Economy. Due to some African states’ reliance on foreign aid in order to mine and profit on their resources, they allow business standards to be lowered and for Chinese firms to tip the contracts moresoever in the favor of Chinese firms. This lowers the potential earnings of African states by lowering royalty rates, for example. Additionally, Burgis’ research was thorough and transparent. When he did not receive a response or if his questions were dodged, he made it obvious to the readers. Sure, some could view this book as too anecdotal to be used as a credible source of Africa’s situation. However, this is due to the nature of the system Burgis is writing about; after all, they are shadow states for a reason. Some readers will be saddened by this text, others angry, most curious to learn more, but above all, everyone will be intellectually stimulated and
In the global media and especially in the US print media, there is hardly a single day that passes without the mentioning of China and either its internal affairs, or its dealings with one country or the other. China has become a resounding theme in current affairs because of its new role as a sponsor and a facilitator of growth and development projects in developing countries. The one particular region in the world where China’s influence has recently grown to be pervasive is Africa. This influence however faces a collar-grabbing excoriation from the media, from the West and from the World in general. Conversely, sincere opinions from other onlookers are of deep praise for the good and needed support that China is currently giving to African countries. This dual view of China’s development work in Africa has led to a Ying and Yang identity for her, naturally, and may possibly be slowing down the full potential of Chinese investment and development projects on the continent. This paper in response, aims to bring forth a more crystallized review and understanding of China’s role in Africa by seeking out both the positives and the negatives in the enactment of China’s role, and elucidating whether it has brought forth growth and or development.
It seems China’s interest in African countries is not in territorial occupation, but rather in international prominence and expanding its rapidly growing economic agenda. Kenya’s richness in commodities and weak commercial laws are an idealistic setting for rapid market entry, therefore China has been able to effortlessly influence and expand its mercantilist ambitions without distress of competition from the west. Even though the United States is focused in providing conditional aid to Kenya, the effects of Chinese expansion in Kenya on U.S. interest are alarming, for China is offering cold hard cash that is f...
Language allows us to communicate with other human beings and without it the world would be doomed. We would not be able to understand anything or have the abilities to cooperate with each other. Although language is made up by humans and not the world, we choose to believe otherwise. Everyday we go on with our lives thinking that the world created everything, but that is not true because something or someone had to create the world as the world was not just there. Language is essential to the world just as water is essential to people. For example, those who are deaf and communicate with sign-language sometimes struggle because not everyone knows how use
American policies demonstrated narrow interest in Africa in the early 1950’s. As every move was suppose a strategic one soon after WWII, Africa was a low precedence harmonious to public needs. For solicitation, Michael Clough eminent that “American policy makers seldom gave pre-eminence to initiatives that did not attend U.S. Strategic share” during this period (Clough, 1). Africa held contracted value at this moment in time. Moreover, Henry Byroade, head of African affairs in 1953 bluntly say, “consider us be candid in allow our post in the puissance an...
one of the world’s leading trade power, it is a goal that Chinese authorities are firmly
The power of words is immeasurable. Words help people to voice their opinions and express their thoughts and feelings. Our everyday lives are shaped by communication and in general language. A persons language can often influence success and happiness. America is viewed as a melting pot for numerous different people and their respective languages. Language is so vital in our society that a person of diverse ethnic background can face many tribulations throughout their everyday life.
The article titled “Language Use in Family and in Society” written by Lee Thomas and Linh Cao, is about how language can affect a single family in a terrible way. Thomas teaches linguistics at the University of Nevada, Reno, and Cao is an English teacher at Sparks High School located in Sparks, Nevada. Cao has much background information on the topic because she herself is part of the family discussed in this essay. Their concern with a language barrier is that it leads to confusion and frustration within the family. They give examples of families becoming more distant due to miscommunication and their sense of loss. Imagine trying to speak with your mother and only understanding half of what she says. Sure you would get the idea, but what if you needed to respond with emotions and feelings that weren’t understood? This article gives you a better sense of acceptance to the many dialects in the world today. Rhetorical appeals called Pathos and Ethos were used in order to convince the readers that communication is an important part of a family. By using a problem / solution argument, this article presents a problem and suggests a solution.
It also can define as tool of communication between people over the world. Hearing or reading what other is saying is a benefit thing to get more experience when facing a problem. Sometimes language is a savior from your sadness. For example, if you nervous and do not have patience to hold yourself from anger than suddenly someone talk to you with quiet and peaceful words that will be helpful to stop you from getting in trouble. Moreover, being the most significant tool of communication lead to have an information about the marginalization to many groups around the world. Language plays a key role on every interaction in our everyday
Located in the Horn of Africa, Ethiopia is the second most populated country in Africa. It has the tenth largest land mass in Africa (nearly twice the size of Texas), a population of approximately ninety-one million people (CIA 2013), and a rural to urban population ration of approximately 6 to 1 (Abelti, et al. 2012). Like other nations in sub-Saharan Africa, Ethiopia suffers from many of the same social factors that have deepened inequality across the continent. Poverty is widespread; access to quality education and healthcare is inadequate; modern infrastructure and improved sanitation are inconsistent or non-existent (Abelti, et al. 2012). Other high-risk factors have also been present, such as extended conflicts involving the long term mobilization of armed forces, governmental and political instability, and gender inequality (McInnes 2011). This forced Ethiopia, like many of its African neighbors, to turn to the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) for foreign aid and with it, the neoliberal policies and structural adjustment programs that have been so instrumental in deepening inequality in the Global South. Although previous governmental transitions had caused considerable political instability within Ethiopia, the nation possesses a strong central government allowing Ethiopia to resist many of the IMF’s recommendations and seek funding from alternative sources, such as China, to pursue massive infrastructure development within Ethiopia (Giorgis 2013). In this paper, I will discuss the controversy surrounding one of these development projects, the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, and how it has shaped – or has been shaped by – inequality.
China has also expanded their trading industries with countries such as South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, ASEAN, India, Russia and Hong Kong. This has not satisfied the Chinese greed for income as they also export and import goods to American countries, name...
China's development is praised by the whole world. Its developments are not only in the economic aspect, but as well in its foreign affairs. Compared with other developed countries, China is a relatively young country. It began constructing itself in 1949. After 30 years of growth, company ownership had experienced unprecedented changes. Entirely, non-state-owned companies can now be more involved in sectors that used to be monopolized by state-owned companies.
Language is a part of our everyday lives, and we can describe the meaning of language in many ways. As suggested in Gee and Hayes (2011, p.6 ) people can view language as something in our minds or something existing in our world in the form of speech, audio recordings, and writings or we can view language as a way of communicating with a group of people. Language can be used to express our emotions, make sense of our mental and abstract thoughts and assists us in communicating with others around us. Language is of vital importance for children to enable them to succeed in school and everyday life. Everyone uses both oral and written language. Language developed as a common ability amongst human beings with the change
China is one of the main viable candidates as this century’s new world power. Today, it maintains a strong economic stance within the international market, and is expanding at a rapid pace. The United States cannot maintain its position as hegemon for the rest of humanity; just as how ...