The Potential for Failure to Achieve Success in School

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The Potential for Failure to Achieve Success in School

At-risk students share the potential for failure to achieve their success in school due to factors with socioeconomic status, family variables, academic deficiencies, or physical/neurological impairment ( ). It is a common belief that the majority of at-risk students will not complete school through grade 12. It is estimated that 25% of students in this country will dropout before High School graduation ( ). Some 30% of urban school students will dropout by the time they enter the eighth grade ( ). These statistics are probably conservative because they do not reflect the number of students who have already encountered circumstances placing them at-risk and have not yet been identified. Rossi and Stringfield (1995) estimated that by the year 2020 the majority of students will be living in circumstances placing them at-risk. The characteristics of at-risk students will be identified along with the prevalence of at-risk children in our society. The educational role in working with at-risk children will be reviewed and specific educational techniques/programs will be discussed.

A variety of conditions are used to identify at-risk students. Ethnicity, demographics, and socioeconomic status are all widely accepted factors in identifying these students. However, Baruth and Manning (1996) asserted that "at-risk cannot be stereotyped by color, age, economic level or family situation" (p. 240). There are a variety of other problems that can place a child at-risk. Tice (1995) has identified eleven other factors that can be associated with school failure. These factors include: "attempted suicide, substance abuse, low self-esteem, pregnancy, expulsion or sus...

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There are a number of programs that can be adopted by a school to enhance the learning of at-risk students. According to Butler and Durian (1987) these programs can be categorized in the following manner: federally funded programs, pullout programs, and classroom based studies. The differences sited among these programs lies with pedagogical practices. "Differences between techniques used to serve at-risk youth and techniques in effective schools have to do with the types of goals which are pursued and not the manner in which they are pursued" (Butler & Durian, 1987, p. 9). However, all successful programs for at-risk students are characterized by: separating at-risk students from others, having strong hands-on components, utilizing out-of-classroom experiences, and being intensive with low student-teacher ratios, and individualized instruction.

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