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social interaction deficit of a child with autism
essay on the history of autism
social interaction deficit of a child with autism
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Autism Spectrum Disorder it a social behaviour inadequacy condition that affects around 1 in every 100 people. It is diagnosed through the use of referral, for a formal assessment which will usually be multi-disciplinary. Autism spectrum disorder is an untreatable disorder however people with autism spectrum disorder can be helped through the use of intervention therapy and various medication. These therapies usually teach the child how to deal with various social situations, whereas medication is used to neutralise brain functions to do with autism spectrum disorder.
In 1911 the term autism was first coined, by a psychiatrist by the name of Eugne Bleuler. He used this term to describe patients with schizophrenic traits of withdrawing themselves from social contact. However in 1943 Leo Kanner suggested that, children who show certain personality characteristics suffer from Autism, it was this study that defined autism spectrum disorder as its own condition and not a branch of schizophrenia as previously thought. This was the development of autism as it is known today.
In 1944 Hans Asperger described four boys as being autistic, these boys had the traits of what it now known as Aspergers Syndrome.
Over time two of the main theories on the cognation of autism spectrum disorder were developed, one being the theory of mind (ToM) the other being weak central coherence (WCC). ToM is the is the capability to connect mental states, intents, beliefs, knowledge, pretending and desires. One of the most influential individuals to make pronouncements in the field of ToM concerning autism spectrum disorder was Alan Leslie. He proposed that children with autism lack ToM. This idea came from an experiment performed by Baron-Cohen, Leslie, & Fr...
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...um disorder. Pellicano, Maybery, Durkin, & Maley (2006) contemplated that WCC can happen along side shortcoming in social cognation, rather than explaining them
Although both cognitive theories have their strengths and weaknesses both have made valid contributed to the understanding and treatment of ASD. Nonetheless both theories lack the ability to be generalised, this is due to the concept that ASD is a spectrum and it is difficult to generalise finding of studies when each individual shows unique autistic traits. Therefore both theories have reduced ecological validity, making it difficult to be applicable to the population. As for preference of theory I prefer WCC. This is because its accepts that individuals with ASD can have central coherence unlike ToM which does not take into account the individuals that did in fact successfully complete false belief tasks.
Autism was first discovered by Leo Kanner in 1943, he labeled it as early infantile autism. Most causes of autistic children before Kanner’s discovery were thought to be possessed and were put through very inhumane conditions. Autism is the prototypical form of a spectrum of related, complex, neuro developmental disorders referred to as autistic spectrum disorders (ASDs), also known as pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs) (Berry 73). The main symptom of Autism is the inability to easily communicate and interact with others. A cure for autism has not been discovered, but there are reports of some children that have naturally recovered. Symptoms are noticed in early years of life, normally around the age of three. The onset of the disease must be before the age of three years (Berry 73). The families with an autistic child have to adjust their daily activities around the child at all times. It is very difficult for an autistic child to be in a crowded area or in new environments.
Autism, or autism spectrum disorder, refers to a range of conditions characterized by challenges with social skills, repetitive behaviors, speech and nonverbal communication, as well as by unique strengths and differences (autism speaks 2012). Often known as the childhood disease, is anything but that. It is a disease, a neuro-development disorder that is highly costly through one’s life. There are different levels of autism, different spectrums. Such as Asperger’s to high-functioning Autism. The earliest signs of Autism date back to the 12th century, when physicians and scientist thought it was part of the schizorphic disorder. Although there are many medications that can be given to kids and adults with autism as well as therapies there is
First off, autism is not a form of mental retardation despite what the general public may have you believe. In actuality, autism, which was first described by Kanner (1943) in his study of 11 children with “autistic disturbances of affective contact” (US: American Psychological Ass...
In 1943, Leo Kanner observed eleven children, each with similar behavioral patterns, and published a paper in which he stared,” The condition differs markedly and uniquely from any reported so far” (Miller). Although many cases of autism, and autism-like disorders appeared before throughout history, no one ever properly defined this disorder until Kanner’s paper. The first said to mention the word autism was Martin Luther during the Protestant Reformation, while describing a severally autistic boy, but this is a doubted speculation. The first to medically coin the term autism was Hans Asperger. Even though, he thought he was observing autism, he was actually observing and describing Asperger Syndrome, which doctors realized was a different disorder in 1981 (“Who discovered Autism?”).
Autism was first presented in 1943 by Leo Kanner when he was conducting a several children study; he later described the children as having withdrawn behaviour. Throughout the 1970s and 1980s the suitable treatments used in behavioural therapy were focused on medications such as LSD and electrical shock as a form of pain and punishment (WebMD Medical Reference, 2014).
Autism spectrum disorder, as well as Asperger’s syndrome (a higher functioning branch of Autism spectrum disorder), is a developmental disorder that affects a person’s ability to comprehend information, handle social situations, and that person’s own behavioral personality. Autism spectrum disorder is not something that can be caught, it is speculated to be a genetic condition that passes down through heredity. Although a few people wit...
Although Autism Spectrum Disorder is a disorder that is lifelong and incurable, it is true “that the symptoms of autism can be managed and often markedly reduced by various treatments and interventions” (A brief guide to autism treatments page 12) There are currently hundreds of therapies and strategies that are used to help treat Autism Spectrum Disorder; however, some are more common and effective than others.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), falling under the umbrella term of Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD), is defined by the International Classification of Diseases, volume 10 (ICD-10) as a disorder first diagnosed in childhood by the clinical manifestation of marked impairment in communication and social interaction, and repetitive or stereotyped behaviors (“Pervasive developmental disorders,” 2010). This definition aligns with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-V), currently used in the United States (American Psychological Association, 2013).
In 1943, a man by the name of Leo Kanner formally identified autism; he labeled the disorder ?autistic disturbance of affective contact? (?Autism Web? n.d.). Autism was first described in America, officially, in 1980 with the publication of DSMIII (Tanguay, Robertson, Derrick, 1980). There was much confusion, both before and after Kanner's description, regarding the continuity of autism with schizophrenia and other then-recognized forms of psychosis (Lippcott/Williams & Wilkins, 1999). Kanner noticed that autistic infants had a reverse pattern typically observed in normal infants.
Autism is a condition that affects the brain. It may change the way you think, walk, or talk. They get autism between 12 and 18 months of age. Another major factor is with autism
Autism is a form of neurodevelopment disorder in the autism spectrum disorders. It is characterized by impaired development in social interactions and communication, both verbal and non-verbal. There is an observed lack of spontaneous acts of communication; both receptive and expressed, as well as speech impairments. A person diagnosed with Autism will also show a limited range of activities and interests, as well as forming and maintain peer relationships. The individuals will display limited interests, which are often very focused and repetitive. He or she is likely to be very routine oriented and may show behavioral symptoms such as hyperactivity, impulsivity, aggressiveness, and self-injurious behaviors.
Autism was discovered in the early 1900. It was then used to name a range of different neuropsychological conditions. The Term Autism is derived from the word “autos” that in Greek means self. This word was used because Autistic people usually keep to themselves and keep away from social interactions. The first person to use this term was a Eugen Bleuler. He was a Swiss Psychiatrist. He started this in 1911 and he used this to refer to certain symptoms from schizophrenia. The term became used in the USA in the 1940’s. It was then used by a doctor from John Hopkins University to name withdrawn behavior that he observed by children.
The background of Autism, how did it all begin? Before Autism was named, our ancestors did not know what it was, but they label it as being mentally retarded.” Eugene
I know autism when I see it. For those not familiar with autism, Autism Speaks, the world’s leading autism science and advocacy organization, defines autism and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as both general terms for a group of complex disorders of brain development. These disorders are characterized, in varying degrees (hence, a “Spectrum” that includes both low- and high-functioning individuals), by difficulties in social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication and repetitive behaviors.
Autism is a disorder characterized by significant problems in communication and social functioning. Autism is actually called Autism Spectrum Disorder and encompasses a broad range disabilities such as Asperger syndrome, Rett’s Syndrome, and Pervavasive Development Disorder (Dunlap & Fox, n.d.). There are also varying degrees of the disorder from low-functioning (no communication and no social interaction) to high-functioning (some communication and inappropriate but existent social skills.)