Physical activity enhances children’s quantitative development within middle childhood, supporting growth toward healthy strong people, physically and psychology. Middle childhood is documented as being between the ages of six to ten years old. A lack of physical activity affects children across all areas of development; it is not restricted within the domain of physical development. Discussed within are the expectations of motor development within middle childhood, the benefits of physical activity and the consequences of prolonged inactivity. Along with how a student’s physical development facilitates or restricts development in other areas and how the learning environment can accommodate and support the physical needs of students. McDevitt and Ormrod (2009) describe middle childhood, six to ten years old, as ones of vast cognitive and emotional development as children move from early childhood towards early adolescence. These years build on the foundations of early childhood, children are greatly influenced by their surroundings when cementing healthy habits around physical activity and eating, providing for lifelong lifestyle habits. According to McDevitt and Ormrod (2009) physical development extends from early childhood, children will have learnt to run and climb then integrate them into play through “further refinement and consolidation of gross motor skills evident throughout middle childhood” (p.167). Children who have progressed through previous stages of gross motor development will often find the next development stage less challenging than those who are just learning those stages. Gross motor development is complex as it relies on all of the developmental domains assisting with physical development from infancy... ... middle of paper ... ...ved from http://www.earlychildhoodaustralia.org.au/australian_journal_of_early_childhood/ajec_index_abstracts/outdoor_play_does_avoiding_the_risks_reduce_the_benefits.html Marsh, C. (2010). Becoming a teacher: Knowledge, skills and issues (5th Ed). Frenchs Forest: Pearson Australia McDevitt, T., & Ormrod, J. E. (2010). Child development and education (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. Plenty Parklands Primary School (2012). Perceptual Motor Program. Teaching Resources. Supplied by class teacher 29 February 2012. State of Victoria. (1999/2011). Better health channel: sport and children. Retrieved from http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Sport_and_children. Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority. (2008). Health and physical education. Retrieved from http://vels.vcaa.vic.edu.au/vels/downloads.html
Gross motor is crucial to a child’s development in and out of the classroom. My goal is to add fun exciting movement activities for example,
Theorists such as Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky, Erik Erikson, Sigmund Freud, and Lawrence Kohlberg have studied and documented information about the stages of childhood development. The three main stages of childhood development are early childhood, middle childhood and adolescence. Each stage contains developmental behaviors and characteristics of different age groups. However, the childhood development stage that this paper is focus on is the middle childhood stage. During this phase in a child’s life, they go through a variety of changes. Such changes include; physical, cognitive, social and emotional changes. According to this course text, HDEV (2010), middle childhood comprises children between the ages of 6 to 12 years. In addition, in relation to the information that is presented in this text about the
A newborn child’s physical and motor development is an evident progression throughout their first years and later in life. A child’s motor development is more of a slower progress, from going to gross motor skills to more fine motor skills in a few months while physical development is an apparent process. The environment affects children in their physical and motor growth, as they learn and adapt to new stimuli everyday as they develop. Separately, these developments start at different times, but function hand in hand as a child grows. Physical development is apparent at conception, early childhood, middle childhood, and adolescence; while motor development
Wertlieb, Donald. "Child." World Book Advanced. World Book, 2011. Web. 16 Aug. 2011.Retrieved from http://www.worldbookonline.com/advanced/article?id=ar110700&st=middle+childhood+development&sc=1#h4
In locomotor development, there is norm identified as the average age of mastery. Sometimes there are circumstances where a child masters a task before the norm and other times a child may lag behind the norm. There is no need for alarm in parents if a child is one or two months behind. However, with sitting and waking, a parent should keep a close eye on the slower developing child. By six months, a child should have mastered rolling over, keeping its head steady, grasping small objects, sitting without support, and standing up while holding onto something (Sigelman 136). A child’s gross motor skills come before fine motor skills are developed. Gross motor skills are classified as kick one’s legs while fine motor skills are for example picking up cheerios and arranging them in a
Peterson, Candida C., James L. Peterson, and Diane Seeto. Child Developement. Vol. 54. N.p.: Blackwell Publishing, n.d. JSTOR. Web. 29 Sept. 2011.
Middle childhood, as defined by McDevitt and Ormrod (2010, p. 161) as being “six to ten year olds”, is a time where children’s growth rates slow down while motor skills continue to improve with practice (McDevitt & Ormrod, 2010). In this age group children will be strengthening their FMS and expanding on their motor ability. A strong base in FMS increases future opportunities to engage in physical activity, a notion agreed upon by Stodden and Goodway (2007) and Branta (2010). In this age group children refine their motor skills and begin to utilise them purposefully (McDevitt & Ormrod, 2010). Gross motor skills such as running and catching increase in speed and coordination, while fi...
For this assignment I had to observe a child between the age range of 0-6 for an hour and half to note their motor and physical development. Before I go in to detail about my observations of the child I must first define what motor and physical development means. Motor development can be broken down into two subcategories. One subcategory would be the gross motor skills development that use large muscle groups to complete task. Then there is the second subcategory deals with, “ Skills that involve large-muscle activities”.( Santrock, J. (2015). Children (13th ed.). Madison, Wis.: Brown & Benchmark. ) The second subcategory would be fine motor skills that, “ involve finely tuned movements” and it known as fine motor skills. Fine motor skills
Gabbard, C., LeBlanc, B., & Lowy, S. (1994). Physical Education for Children: Building the Foundation, 2nd edition. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, inc.
Gross motor skills are becoming more established. For example, at age three and four, “children are walking smoothly and able to balance on one foot for eight seconds or more” (Significant Child Development Milestones, 2013). Activities and resources to help with this development would be for parents or teacher allowing children to pick toys after they are through playing. Also, “walking along a line on the ground or running around a tree will promote balance, concentration, and vigorous exercise” (Child Development: Age 2 to 4, 2015). At ages five to six, children are becoming more independent and moving with better awareness. At this age children are able to hop on one foot instead of balance; they are able to throw objects instead of maneuvering it in their hands/fingers. Each milestone builds and gains more with each age. With an adult encouraging these steps, children will be able to satisfy their basic needs with
The athletic programs in schools solely provide children with different ways to learn motor skills, develop fitness skills, and gain knowledge about physical activity. The physical benefits acquired from establishing a pattern of physical activity in a child’s life include “lowered risk for heart disease, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, high blood pressure, obesity, and metabolic syndrome; [improvement of] various other aspects of health and fitness, including aerobic capacity, muscle and bone strength, flexibility, insulin sensitivity, and lipid profiles; and a [reduction] of stress, anxiety, and depression” (Kohl and Cook). In a standard United States physical education program, students learn about the health benefits obtained from participating in physically active activities, as well as the importance of continuing these practices throughout life. In elementary school, the athletics program emphasizes the development of fundamental locomotor, non-locomotor, and artful skills through dance, gymnastics, and games. The motor skill basis established during elementary years can increase children’s social, cognitive, and physical development, and could also increase the individual’s interest in physical activities later on in life. Subsequently, in middle school, the physical activities taught in elementary school are usually refined, combined, and applied to
The Dynamic theory is the nervous system that is considered part of the developing motor system, the Nervous System must dynamically change and interact with other systems to achieve co-ordinated movement (Kamm, Thelen and Jenson, 1990). There are four stages of Motor Development which are shared with the Dynamic Theory such as reflex, ru...
I want to discuss the topic of physical development during middle adulthood. Physical development is the time when people become increasingly aware of the gradual changes in their bodies this marks the aging process. (Feldman, 2014) Life style choices such as smoking, diet, alcohol and exercise can have an effect on an individual’s physical development according to the text. There is also a height, weight, and strength changes. The changes are happening in a declining rate stated in the text. The senses also decline at this stage in life. As a people age, so does their bodies they go through biological changes. Women go through climacteric and menopause. Climacteric is the transaction from being able to have children to not having them. (Feldman,2014) Menopause is the period when women can no longer have children. (Feldman, 2014) The individual I chose to do my observation on is my aunt she is 49 years old. She is a stroke victim. She had
Dramatic changes occur in motor skills from birth through the first two years. At birth infants are capable of extensive uncoordinated movements. One feature of the early motor behavior of infants is the large number of reflex-like actions. These actions appear for a short time after birth and then disappear. For example, when the palm of the hand is stroked lightly the fingers involuntarily close, forming a fist; this is called the palmar reflex. From these early movements, distinct sequential patterns of motor development occur. Walking, which occurs on the average between 13 and 15 months, emerges from a sequence of 14 earlier stages. Research shows that the rate of acquisition of motor skills is innately determined and that the acquisition of these skills is not influenced by practice. Severe restri...
During this stage of development, children continue to develop gross motor skills but most of the development is with their fine motor skills. During this stage children are beginning to learn how to color, use scissors, write, and possibly tie their own shoes. Children will develop hand eye coordination as well as the ability to manipulate objects to accomplish what they want. My development was especially slow in this area. I did not begin to write legible words until I was five almost six years old. I still to this day, cannot cut a straight line and I could not color in the lines until I was about ten years old. I have always struggled with hand eye coordination and anything requiring the ability to manipulate a small object.