Obesity is rapidly increasing in the United States. According to the National Academy of Sports Medicine (NASM), obesity is the fasted growing health problem in America1. When looking at the trends in the United States, it is estimated that approximately 33% of the adult population is obese and 15% of children, ages 6 and older, are obese1. Although not falling into the obesity population yet, two-thirds of the adult population may be considered overweight, and making their way into the obesity category soon1. It may be startling to most that current evidence suggests that by the year 2030, approximately 90% of all American adults would have become overweight or obese, and 51.1% of them would be obese1.
A disease highly correlated with obesity is type 2 diabetes. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in America has drastically increased in recent years1. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, in 2007, approximately 24 million Americans had diabetes, with one quarter of those (6 million), undiagnosed2. It is estimated that roughly 60 million U.S. residents also have prediabetes2. The superseding issue in diabetes is glucose control1. Type 2 diabetes is a major cause of premature mortality and morbidity related to cardiovascular disease, blindness, kidney and nerve disease, and amputation2. Exercise has been proven to have a positive effect on preventing type 2 diabetes, via its effects on preventing elevations in blood glucose1. The focus of this essay will be to summarize the effects of resistance training on the improvement on individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Aerobic endurance training has conventionally been promoted in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, while the likely role of resistance tra...
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...n spontaneous physical activity6. With this information, it can be presumed that resistance training can work in addition with standard care in diabetic patients6. This piece of information may be vital to a diabetic patient who is disobedient with medical recommendations that have been provided, as well as, patients who may receive inferior health care6.
As expected, resistance training proves to have various health benefits to populations dealing with type 2 diabetes2. As previously stated, the chief concern when dealing with type 2 diabetes is glucose control1. The results of the collective studies being referenced in this essay have confirmed that resistance training leads to a decrease in hemoglobin A1c3,4,5,6. With this evidence, it is clear that resistance training will help to make improvements on patients living with type 2 diabetes3,4,5,6.
...revention through awareness and education is achieved via the work of government initiatives such as the National Diabetes Services Scheme and health campaigns including Measure Up. The NDSS also works to improve the self-management of diabetes. Physiotherapists also have a role in the management of diabetes through implementing exercise programs. An evidence-based approach was used to create the proposed exercise program that aimed to manage the high blood glucose levels associated with insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes (Sigal et al., 2007). It utilized both aerobic and resistance training in accordance with current knowledge of the most effective dosages for the population group. Physiotherapists must work alongside other healthcare professionals such as dietitians and general practitioners to provide optimal support and management for patients with diabetes.
The incidence of Type 2 diabetes is growing rapidly. There were approximately 2.4 million type 2 diabetics in Canada in 2008/09 (Public Health Agency of Canada [PHAC], 2011), and another 5 million Canadians over the age of 20 with prediabetes in 2004(PHAC, 2011). It is upon this group with prediabetes that this paper will focus. Prediabetes has been defined by the American Diabetes Association as blood glucose levels which are above the normal range but do not meet the criteria for a diagnosis of diabetes (The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. American Diabetic Association, 2003). While the World Health Organization (World Health Organization [WHO], 2006) uses different cut offs for both impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) the definition remains the same. That is that prediabetes is the state which lies between normal values and those which meet the criterion of a diagnosis of diabetes. While these two definitions differ in some aspects there is general agreement (Lindstrom et al., 2006; Norris et al., 2005; Pan et al., 1997) that it is in this stage of the disease that type 2 diabetes can be reversed. Multiple studies have demonstrated the reversal of a prediabetic state to a normoglyceamic state (Norris et al., 2005). This prediabetic state can precede type 2 diabetes itself by years. It is on this we can focus our attention and effort in to stem the tide of diabetes. This prediabetic state has been shown to be susceptible to several interventions- exercise and diet as well as pharmacological measures. Key amongst these various interventions is the control of the hyperglycemic state and increased sensitization of cells to glucose and pr...
The Diabetes 60 System program is a safe & effective exercise strategy for type 2 diabetics.
The purpose of this study is to research the disease Type 2 Diabetes and to discover whether it is being effectively treated and prevented in Merced County, California. According to the National Institutes of Health, Diabetes Mellitus is “a lifelong (chronic) disease in which there are high levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood. It is also the most common form of Diabetes”.1 Furthermore, there are many risk and lifestyle factors associated with this disease, but the most prevalent are; obesity (#1 risk factor), sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy eating habits, family history and genetics, increased age, high blood pressure and high cholesterol, and a history of gestational diabetes.2 The long term complications of having type 2 diabetes can include but are not limited to; eye problems (cataracts and glaucoma), foot problems (neuropathy/ nerve damage), skin problems (infections), high blood pressure (which raises your risk for heart attack, stroke, eye problems and kidney disease), hearing loss, oral health, mental health and early death.3
...ll cause your blood sugars to lower (Mayo Clinic Staff). While working out you will notice that your blood sugar levels will be all over the place so its important to have things such as glucose pills just in case your levels drop too low. Exercise may not be the cure for diabetes but it could be the thing that prevents you from getting it.
Diabetes and uncontrolled sugar levels is now the seventh leading cause of death in the United States, and the number one cause of adult onset blindness, lower limb amputations and kidney failure (healthy people citation). Additionally, those diagnosed diabetes have an amplified risk of having a heart attack and an overall increased mortality rate, both of which are proportional to 1.8 times greater than those not afflicted with diabetes (Healthy people). Obviously, without proper glycemic control, these number can be a much higher ratio; consequently, it is imperative proper health promotion measures are
According to the CDC, diabetes is becoming more common and has more than tripled from 1980 through 2011, from 5.6 million to 20.9 million (Diabetes public health resource, 2013). Type two diabetes can be managed through diet and exercise. Type two diabetes is a condition formerly called ‘adult-onset’ or ‘non insulin-dependent’ where the body doesn’t
Diabetes has been a growing problem for many years among adults in the United States. There is a growing number of Hispanic being diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Hispanic people are at a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes than non-Hispanic people (American 2013). Type 2 diabetes, in Hispanic should be addressed because the disease can be prevented. This disease can lead to number of medical problems if it goes untreated or if significant life style changes aren’t made. Simple changes can be made to prevent getting this disease. Such as, adding more fresh fruits and vegetables, drinking more water and limiting fast food intake (American 2013). Losing excess weight is an excellent way to reduce developing type 2 diabetes. A good way to do this is getting the whole family involved in biking or walking. If this issue isn’t addressed more people will develop the disease, that is preventable. Another result of this would be that the government will have to budget more money towards healthcare.
Since Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is one of the most common health challenges world-wide, I am going to further incorporate the topic in my paper. Through academic research and resources, in my first paragraph I will be providing the health promotion definition along with expressing the importance for patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. My second paragraph will display the pathophysiology to help comprehend how this health challenge is present in the body. Health promotion interventions will also be incorporated with ideas and specific information to aid individuals in promoting health and preventing development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Savage, P., Brochu, M., Poehlman, E., & Ades, P. (2003). Reduction in Obesity and Coronary Risk Factors After High Caloric Exercise Training in Overweight Coronary Patients. American Heart Journal, 146:317-23.
Satterfield, DW, Volansky, M, Caspersen, CJ, Engelgau, MM, Bowman, BA, Gregg, EW, Geiss, LS, Hosey, GM, May, J & Vinicor, F 2003, ‘Community- Based Lifestyle Interventions to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes’, Diabetes Care, vol.26, no.9, September, pp.2643-2652, viewed 10th May 2011.
They were randomly assigned an order in which to vary their diet. Five participants ate a low-PRAL diet followed by a high-PRAL diet, and the other five ate a high-PRAL diet followed by a low-PRAL diet. Diets were tracked by participants and evaluated by dietitians. Each phase of the diet lasted 4-9 days, until the ideal urinary pH was achieved (≥7.0 for low-PRAL; ≤6.0 for high-PRAL). Urinary pH was tested with pH strips by participants and again by researchers to confirm. To test exercise metabolism, participants performed a graded treadmill exercise test (GXT) to exhaustion. The participants started with a warm-up, from which a speed was determined to increase their heart rate to about 70% of their age-predicted maximal heart rate at an incline of 0%. Every 2 minutes, the incline was increased by 2% until the participant felt fatigued. During this test, the reparatory exchange ratio (RER) was determined by finding the oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations and tracking the change throughout the GXT. A RER of 0.7 indicates fat as the primary fuel source with 1.0 indicating carbohydrates as the primary fuel source. A number in between indicates a combination of the two fueling the body during exercise. When exploring the effects of systemic pH on submaximal exercise metabolism, data was collected during the test until exhaustion. To test the affect of
“The main concept is that exercise (a term we will use generically to cover both exercise training and physical activity) does more than change traditional ‘risk factors’ (blood lipids, hypertension, diabetes, etc.; Mora et al. 2007; Green et al. 2008). In this context, there is a ‘risk factor gap’, and exercise appears to be far more productive than it should be based on changes in traditional risk factors alone.”
One of the best ways in how people can improve their overall mood, keep their bones healthy and even live longer, is by being an active person. Fred DeVito stated that “if it doesn’t challenge you, it doesn 't change you”; however most people just want exercise just to have a fit body and be healthier without knowing great results. Other effects that exercise has into the body are normalization of glucose, insulin and leptin levels. In other words not only will it make the appearance in a person’s life to look great, but their entire body will have an extraordinary response. In order to have a more fulfilling and enjoyable life, those who are out of shape should participate in regular fitness schedule reginert.