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Importance of psychology in education
Importance of psychology in education
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Discuss, with appropriate examples, the importance and understanding of the psychology of child behavioural disorders are to an Early Years Education practitioner. The term Conduct Disorder (CD) does not refer to a clinical syndrome in a traditional sense. Usually clinical syndromes are grouped either by the reoccurrence of clusters of the common symptoms or single noticeable symptoms. Behavioural problems which occur in late childhood and adolescence are also classified as conduct disorder. “The term Conduct Disorder has been applied to children who break family or societal rules” (Kazdin, 1987 cited in Dermot O’Reilly, 2005). According to Wolfe (1977) as cited in Dermot O’Reilly (2005) it is an a analytical category which looks at the limitations in terms of both the identification of an individual with the disorder and links on the behaviour that are likely to be less valuable in the individuals management. The severity of this disorder is rated as mild, moderate or severe. CD is not associated with developmental delays in cognitive, language and motor skills. Conduct Disorder pr...
Mental health is an important part of the overall health well-being for children. Childhood mental health disorder can affect children and their families causing a long-term impact on the parents and other family members as well as the child themselves. Mental disorders are described as chronic health conditions. These are disorders that can go on for a long period of time, that may continue throughout the lifespan. Without early diagnosis and treatment, children with mental disorders can have problems at home and in school. These problems can continue into adulthood for the child and cause other healthy development and delays.
The hallmark of Conduct Disorder (CD) is an obvious and careless apathy for the rules, the rights, the emotions, and the personal territory of others. Aggression, deceitfulness, duress, and power over others are enjoyable to a child with CD. Children with CD pick fights, trespass, lie, cheat, steal, vandalize, display abusive behaviors, and, for older children, perpetrate unwanted sexual advances. The display of signs in younger children can be: ruthless bullying, lying for the purpose of lying, and stealing of useless things.
The disorder is marked by a persistent pattern of disregard for the rights of others. This, in addition to the repeated violation of others’ rights, is able to be traced back to childhood or early adolescence and continues to be evidenced in adulthood. The diagnostic criteria are as follows. There must be evidence of at least three of the following occurring since the age of 15...
The Behavioral Assessment System for Children, Second Edition was written by Cecil R. Reynolds and Randy W. Kamphaus. The BASC-2 was published in 2004 by Pearson. The manual is currently priced at $102 and can be purchased online. The BASC-2 is qualified under level B. This means that it may be purchased by an individual with a master’s degree in psychology, education, occupational therapy, social work, or any field closely related to assessment and formal training it the ethical administration, scoring, and interpretation. AN individual who has certification in a professional organization that requires training and experience in the area of assessment. An individual who has a degree or license to practice in the healthcare field. Lastly an individual with formal, supervised training specific to assessing children.
According to the DSM-IV, if a child's problem behaviors do not meet the criteria for Conduct Disorder, but involve a pattern of defiant, angry, antagonistic, hostile, irritable, or vindictive behavior, Oppositional Defiant Disorder may be diagnosed. These children may blame others for their problems.
Child psychologists try to answer fundamental questions such as how children develop language, personality, empathy, and behaviour, with an emphasis on environmental and genetic differences. Some of child psychology theories had their foundation in good old assumptions and later developed the empirical backing, obtained through rigorous scientific investigation, which has popularised them.
Conduct Disorder has been a part of the American Psychological Association’s Diagnostic Statistical Manuel (DSM) since its original release date in 1994. Although, there is new information about the disorder that was previously unknown, Conduct Disorder is distinguished by a “repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate norms or rules are violated” (American Psychiatric Association, 1994.) This mild, moderate, or severe antisocial behavior begins to appear either in childhood, categorized as early-onset conduct disorder , or in adolescence after ten years of age, classified as adolescent-onset conduct disorder (Passamonti et al., 2010.) The criteria to meet to be diagnosed with this disorder are separated into four subgroups: aggressive conduct, nonaggressive conduct, deceitfulness or theft, and serious violations of the rules. Three or more incidents must be present in the past twelve months with at least one of the characteristics being present in the past six months. This disorder causes severe impairment of functioning across a variety of situations so it is important to keep in mind society and individual situations because this diagnosis may be “misapplied to individuals in settings where patterns of undesirable behavior are sometimes viewed as protective” (American Psychiatric Association, 1994.) For example, a patient that has recently relocated from a war torn country would most likely not be a candidate for Conduct disorder even though he or she may exhibit some of the characteristics.
Child psychology, also known as child development, is the study of psychological growth of children; how these mechanisms develop from infancy to adolescence and why they deviate from one child to the next. Child development is associated with biological, psychological, and emotional diversity that occur in humans. Although there is a different advancement for each child, these developmental changes may be greatly determined by genetic factors and experience during prenatal life. The early years of a child’s life are very important for his or her health and development. Parents, health professionals, educators, and others can work together as partners to help children grow up to reach their full potential.
In this essay I intend to discuss two psychological theories of development; The psychodynamic approach and the behavioural approach. In order to do this, I will outline each theory and explain how it accounts for psychological development, health and behaviour of the individual. In addition to this, I will explain how an understanding of these theories relates to care and would help a care professional to support an individual in a care setting.
Q.4. Which practices do you believe are within the control of early childhood educator? Make a list.
Weiss, B., Dodge, K.A., Bates, J.E., & Pettit, G.S. (1992). Some consequences of early harsh discipline: Child aggression and a maladaptive information processing style. Child Development, 63, 1321-1335.
Poole D, Lamb M E, 1998, Investigative Interviews of Children: A Guide for Helping Professionals, Washington US, American Psychological Association (pages 179-80)
In the developing stages of a child, psychological factors play a huge role in th...
Wood, A. E., Wood, E. G., & Boyd, D. (2007). Child development: The world of psychology.
One of the more popular areas of psychology is Educational Psychology. Educational Psychology can be explained several ways. The idea is to study theories and concepts from different parts of psychology and apply them in educational settings. These educational settings may occur in different school settings such as preschool. The goal of educational psychology is to create a positive student-teacher relationship. Educational psychology uses five different types of psychology, behavioral, cognitive, developmental, and social cognitive, and constructivist in this research paper I will be briefly discussing each type of psychology listed above.