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Chemical formulas of things
Relative density of liquids experiment
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In 2 week long Chemistry lab I was given unknown liquid numbered 29 which I had to find through the experiments that I learned from the beginning of the semester. After conducting experiments I acquired empirical formula, molecular weight, molecular formula, density and boiling point temperature in order for me to find what the substance is. Using molecular formula I plan on looking into few websites that my professor provided us such as: ChemBlink, ChemSpider and PubChem to help me find what substances I should be looking into. After acquiring all the substances with similar molecular formula I plan to apply density and boiling point and eliminate substances that do not closely or at all match up with my data. Once I acquire my unknown substance name, I will run confirmatory IR to make sure that my unknown substance is what I assume it is.
By talking molecular formula and searching in ChemBlink and ChemSpider, I was able to retrieve 5 substances which share same molecular formula. These 5 substances are 2-Propanol also known as Isopropyl alcohol, 1-propanol also known as propyl alcohol, ethyl methyl ether also known as Methoxyethane, 2-hydroxypropan-2-yl radical and Propanol.
During my Graphical Analysis of Data experiment I was able to retrieve a density of my unknown 29 volatile liquid to be as 0.7832 g/mL. My first substance that I retrieved is 2-Propanol also known as Isopropyl Alcohol which has a density of 0.785 g/mL (ChemBlink). 2-Propanol is very close density wise to my experimental value therefore; I will keep the 2-Propanol as one of the options for my unknown 29. My second substance that I retrieved is 1-Propanol also known as Propyl Alcohol has a density of 0.8 g/mL (ChemBlink), 1-Propanol is off from my experiment...
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In conclusion, after long 2 week experiment on the unknown 29, through finding density, molecular weight, molecular formula, boiling point and IR spectrum I was able to identify my unknown 29 to be 2-Propanol also known as Isopropyl Alcohol. Comparing density between my experimental data and my actual data was slightly off but I did get close enough to match it. Boiling point was right on the dot for my unknown and IR spectrum came out almost as the same as I expected. In this experiment I learned what how to view and interpret the IR spectrum by reading peaks and fingerprint patterns and with that pick up the specific functioning group to narrow down the suspected Organic compound to find my unknown. I also learned how write a research paper on unknown liquid and how to put together a data and calculate for my unknown substance through few experiments.
The primary goal of this laboratory project was to identify an unknown compound and determine its chemical and physical properties. First the appearance, odor, solubility, and conductivity of the compound were observed and measured so that they could be compared to those of known compounds. Then the cation present in the compound was identified using the flame test. The identity of the anion present in the compound was deduced through a series of chemical tests (Cooper, 2009).
The purpose of conducting experiment was to determine the identity of white compound. Based on the 5 gram of unknown white compound several experiment conducted including solubility test, pH test, flame test, and ion test. Several materials including chemicals used throughout experiment and will be described through paragraphs.
The C-H (sp3) hydrogens from our product displayed at wavelength 2959 cm-1 correlates to the methyl groups located on the ends of isopentyl acetate4. A really prominent, strong peak located at 1742 cm-1 shows that a C=O ester stretch is located in the product, along with at 1244 cm-1 the spectrum shows a strong peak representing the C(=O)-O stretch that is crucial to the structure of isopentyl acetate. Shown in my IR spectrum is a weak O-H (H-bonded) peak at 3464 cm-1 which shows that I have an impurity of isopentyl alcohol in my product. Isopentyl alcohol has similar boiling points and density as my product so the impurity could have easily boiled out with the isopentyl acetate during distillation. The isopentyl alcohol was also present in my 1H-NMR spectrum backing up the impurity peak at 3464
A weak peak was at a position between 1600-1620 cm-1 can also be seem in the IR, which was likely to be aromatic C=C functional group that was from two benzene rings attached to alkynes. On the other hand, the IR spectrum of the experimental diphenylacetylene resulted in 4 peaks. The first peak was strong and broad at the position of 3359.26 cm-1, which was most likely to be OH bond. The OH bond appeared in the spectrum because of the residue left from ethanol that was used to clean the product at the end of recrystallization process. It might also be from the water that was trapped in the crystal since the solution was put in ice bath during the recrystallization process. The second peak was weak, but sharp. It was at the position of 3062.93 cm-1, which indicated that C-H (sp2) was presence in the compound. The group was likely from the C-H bonds in the benzene ring attached to the alkyne. The remaining peaks were weak and at positions of 1637.48 and 1599.15 cm-1, respectively. This showed that the compound had aromatic C=C function groups, which was from the benzene rings. Overall, by looking at the functional groups presented in the compound, one can assume that the compound consisted of diphenylacetelene and ethanol or
As shown in figure 2, the percentage of each isomeric alcohol in the mixture had been determined. The hydrogen atom on the carbon atom with the hydroxyl group appear at around 4.0 ppm for borneol and 3.6 ppm for isoborneol. The product ratio has been determined by integrating the peaks. A ratio of 6:1 for the Isoborneol/borneol ratio was expected and is validated by the calculations shown above, with isoborneol percentage at 83.82% and 16.17% of borneol. A CHCl3 group noted at around 7ppm and a CH2Cl2 at around 3.5ppm.
Results: Through a melting point reading, it was determined that the product obtained was 2,4-Dibromoanisol mp 55-58 C. The products obtained by my partners, were determined to be: (p-bromoacetanilide mp 160-165 C) and (2,4,6 tribromoaniline, mp of 108-110 C) respectively.
The solution was heated for 10 minutes and distilled water was added to it periodically to ensure that the volume of solution in the beaker stayed the same. The solution was then spilt equally into two centrifuge tubes and the solution was centrifuged until there was no more suspended precipitate. The supernatant was then decanted into a centrifuge tube. This was the stock solution. The logic tree from part two was used to analyze and identify the unknown
Put 1mL of 0.1M cobalt (II) chloride hexahydrate dissolved in 95% ethanol into a test tube. Then add 1mL of deionized water. Tap the end of the test tube to mix the solution and record the pertinent data in section 2 of the Data Table. Discard the solution in the appropriate container as directed to you by your lab instructor.
Through an oxidation-reduction reaction sequence, Borneol is converted to isoborneol. First, borneol is oxidized through a reaction with sodium hypochlorite at 400C to form camphor. When the camphor is then reduced by sodium borohydride, isoborneol is formed. The percent yeild of isoborneol collected was 56.4%, and the melting point range was found to be between 174.2-179.90C. Through analysis of the product through 1H NMR spectroscopy the percent purity is found to be 77.2% pure isoborneol.
By doing this experiment, I can know the physical and chemical properties of these samples. After I get my results about the physical and chemical properties of these samples, I can compare my results with the information given by the past student and identify the 5 unknown samples, finding out which sample is which substance. Hypothesis = ==
Investigation to Find the Relative Energy Release of Five Alcohols: Ethanol, Methanol, Propanol, Butanol and Propanol
Methanol was the most polar among 3 alcohols used in this part, hence was soluble in water as both water and methanol were polar. However, methanol was partially soluble in hexane because the Van der Waals interaction between methanol
is impossible to specify a single best method to carry out a given analysis in
Remove the extra solvent on a steam bath under a hood while flushing the flask with N2 gas, leaving the crude extract. Weigh extract.
Octane with chemical formula C8H18/CH3(CH2)6CH3, molecular mass: 114.22, boiling point :126, melting point : -56.8, Subject no.1262 has many dangers and side effects on workers and firefighters. Therefore, we'll be discussing methods and ways to prevent the hazards that can be caused by the substance.