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Statement of the problem of dengue fever
Essay on dengue fever with introduction,origin,symptoms,prevention,causses
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Characteristics and Statistics of the Infectious Disease Dengue Fever
Leslie Charlton
Lincoln Memorial University- Caylor School of Nursing
Characteristics and Statistics of the Infectious Disease Dengue Fever Dengue fever is an infectious disease that is conveyed by mosquitoes that ingest the virus from infected humans. An outbreak of infection is most likely to happen in warm, wet climates. The risk for acquiring dengue fever in the United States is rare, however the main cause of occurrence is to be imported from travelers from foreign countries. Most symptoms are non-life threatening, nevertheless it can become more severe leading to death if symptoms are uncontrolled.
Characteristics
Dengue
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The virus is transmitted by the bite of an infected mosquito. The CDC states, “Aedes aegyti is the most important transmitter or vector in the Western Hemisphere”(CDC, 2012). A female mosquito ingests the humans infected blood during feeding, permitting the mosquito to become infected with the dengue virus. The mosquitoes spreads the virus contracted from human to other humans. According to the National Institute of Health, “Dengue does not spread from person to person”(NIH, 2015). When the mosquitoes contract the dengue virus from humans, World Health Organization indicates, “Mosquitoes experience extrinsic incubation of virus over a period of 8-12 days, and mosquitoes remain infected for a lifetime” (WHO, …show more content…
Most individuals recover from dengue infection within two weeks. The symptoms of dengue are usually non-life threatening, however if not treated properly and in a timely manner it can become serious resulting in death. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “The principle symptoms of dengue fever are high fever, sever headache, severe pain behind the eyes, joint pain, muscle and bone pain, rash, and mild bleeding”(CDC, 2012). Hemorrhagic fever is a life threatening condition that can manifest due to untreated or uncontrolled general symptoms. The CDC explains hemorrhagic fever as, “Fever that lasts 2-7 days, with general signs and symptoms consistent with dengue fever. When fever declines, symptoms include persistent vomiting, severe abdominal pain, and difficulty breathing”(CDC, 2012). If these serious symptoms transpire, it is the beginning of a two-day period of the capillaries becoming permeable and leaking fluid into the peritoneum causing ascites and pleural effusion. This leads to failure of the circulatory system and shock, which causes in death. Complications that can occur with dengue fever include the following: fluid over load due to large pleural effusion and ascites, acute respiratory distress, pulmonary edema, metabolic acidosis, severe shock, hyper/hypoglycemia, electrolyte
There is no definitive history or discovery date, but it is assumed that Yellow Fever originated in Africa and was brought to the Americas by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes “hitchhiking” on trade and slave ships. The first believed outbreak happened in 1648 in the Yucatán. It is “believed” because early documentation of disease and illness was not thoroughly investigated or described, they could have been caused by one thing or another. There is ...
The outburst spread of diseases in a population causes people to panic and become hopeless. The main reason diseases spread is due to unsanitary living styles. Also when a disease first begins, it is really hard to find a cure right away. A very deadly, infectious disease known as Typhus spread during the Holocaust. Typhus is caused by rickettsia and is spread by lice and flees.
Yellow fever is a horrible disease for those who begin to show symptoms, and while that number is low, of those who do become ill 50% die; only after having two rounds ...
The most common way this disease is transmitted from one animal to the next is through mosquitoes. A mosquito carrying infective heartworm larvae bites a dog and transmits the infection to them. The larvae grow, develop, and migrate in the body over a period of 6 to 7 months, in which time they become sexually mature male and female worms. this is the prepatent period. The worms then reside in the heart, lungs, and associated blood vessels. The worms begin to mate and release microfilaria into the blood stream. When a mosquito bites an infected dog it takes in some of the microfilaria in the blood. After 10 to 30 days there is larvae in the mosquito’s salivary gland which can then be passed on to the next dog the mosquito bites.
The Latin name for measles is rubeola. The pathogen which causes the disease is a paramyxovirus, which is one of a group of RNA (ribonucleic acid) viruses. Measles is a respiratory disease caused by a virus, and also comes out in a rash. The virus enters the body via the respiratory system, and grows in the cells at the back of the throat and in the cells that line the lungs, from there it then enters the blood stream and circulates the body.
The discovery of yellow fever would have not been possible if people had not put aside their misconceptions of where diseases originated. Diseases in olden time were believed to be divine punishment to people who had committed bad deeds, and therefore not much was done to try to find cures for diseases like yellow fever. As defined by the World Health Organization, yellow fever an acute viral hemorrhagic diseases transmitted by infected mosquitoes, and a common characteristic of this disease is the development of jaundice which gave it the name "yellow" fever. The mosquito responsible for the transmission of the disease is the female Aedes aegypti mosquito. Her transmission of the disease occurs as a result of it biting an infected host and inside her body the virus multiplies, and afterwards if the mosquito bites someone that person becomes infected.
Mosquitoes carried the diseases and when a person got bit he would give a disease to the mosquito and the mosquito would pass it on to the next victim ("Historical Overview").
...t approximately 1%.1, 2, 3, 4 Transmission to humans is either through direct or indirect contact with infected animals or their bodily fluids or infection through the bite of an infected mosquito.1, 2, 3, 4 Rift Valley Fever has been found to have a high capacity for colonization which greatly increases its’ potential emergent risk in Western Nations.2 The virus itself can survive a wide range of bioclimatic environments due to its’ transmission routes.2 The introduction of Rift Valley Fever into regions that were previously unaffected may be due to the potential movement of hosts and vectors through trade or migration.2 The mechanical transport of arthropod vectors is the most probable mechanism of disease dispersal.2 The potential for geographical spread of Rift Valley Fever is the reason why the disease has been identified as a priority emerging disease.2
You wouldn’t think the carrier of this disease would come from a little mosquito bite but it does.
West Nile Virus has emerged in recent years throughout the temporate zones of Europe and North America. Causing a variety of conditions in its hosts, the most serious manifestation of WN virus infection is fatal encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) in humans and horses, and many birds.
There are many symptoms such as: high fever, delirium, vomiting, muscle pain, bleeding from the lungs, mental confusion, being tired, weakness, and heavily sweating. When victims start to get these symptoms, it is most likely that they have the disease. After catching the disease people on average only survived for two to four more days. It was rare that the disease spread from person to person. Most cases it is when a human gets bit by an infected flea containing the disease. (The Black Death 245)
This virus is similar to Ebola, because it started in the same place. Lab workers in Germany, in 1967, contracted the new virus while working with African Green Monkeys, which had the virus. The virus is described as a hemorrhagic fever. It has a fatality rate up to 90% and spreads through human to human contact. The first symptoms can be as simple as a fever and a headache, then can progress to organ failure, and fatal internal bleeding.
Yellow fever is a deadly disease caused by a viral infection that is transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. Although it is found to be most common in males in their early 20's, yellow fever can affect any sex, race, or age. Since yellow fever is carried by mosquitoes, it is most often found in areas such as Central America, the northern half of South America, and Central Africa where mosquitoes are abundant. The reason why it is found so often in these regions is because they are very close to the equatorial line, and are there for hot, moist, tropical environs.
Dengue fever, also known as the “breakbone fever”, is a vector-borne viral disease endemic in tropic and subtropic regions, with around 100 million symptomatic new cases each year worldwide15. It is caused by any one of the four closely-related serotypes or viruses that is spread by multiple species of mosquitoes, in particular the Aedes aegypti 6,13.
Dengue is the most common arboviral (arthropod-transmitted) disease and it also position as the most important mosquito-borne viral disease in the world. Approximately 2.5 billion people living in tropical and sub-tropical regions are at a great risk of dengue infection, which is almost equal to about two-fifths of the human population (Gubler & Clark, 1995; WHO, 2009). There is an estimated 50-100 million infections occurring globally in each year, with 500,000 cases requiring hospitalization and causing 24,000 deaths (Halstead, 1988; WHO, 1997). Furthermore, the increasing populations in tropical and sub-tropical regions, making dengue as a global threat to public health (UNEP 2009; Holden, 2009).