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“That which is accepted as knowledge today is sometimes discarded tomorrow.” Consider knowledge issues raised by this by this statement in two areas of knowledge.
Knowledge is ever changing in the world therefore the acceptance of knowledge changes daily. The issues raised by the statement are determined by what determines the acceptance of knowledge. In ethics, people decide the acceptance of right and wrong. People change everyday and such change alters the acceptance of what is right and wrong in ethics. Meanwhile in natural sciences, evidence supports what is knowledge until new evidence alters the current knowledge, discarding prior knowledge. Therefore, in ethics and natural sciences this continuous change in knowledge raises many knowledge issues.
The reason as to why ethics changes every day is due to how people constantly evolve judgment. For example, what is regarded as a swear word 50 years ago would not be regarded as such today. The justification as to why such an event happens is due to the human judgment by the people as a whole. As a collective group people judge what is ethical or not, such as the death penalty. In the United States, 32 out of 50 states have capital punishment. The 18 states that do not have capital punishment currently, had capital punishment. Therefore, capital punishment was once accepted by those 18 states but now, it has been discarded by those states. At some point in time, votes were casted by the citizens of the state to abolish capital punishment. This would imply that the majority are the ones who decide what is accepted as ethical knowledge in this situation. This causes each side, for or against capital punishment, to debate whether or not capital punishment is justified to gain s...
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...dence have debunked the knowledge and idea of an “edge of the earth” and has been replaced with: the earth is round.
This change in knowledge heavily influences many knowledge issues that occur. In ethics, an issue could be, “Can our values change our perception of things?”(timwoods.org). If values can change what we view as right and wrong then can't emotion also influence our ethical codes to benefit one’s self interest? This is clearly shown in the evidence about domestic surveillance due to the fear of terrorism that has allowed countries to break an ethical code of privacy for the collective security of the country. Furthermore, if knowledge is capable of being influenced and altered, how can it be considered knowledge? Because in ethics if taking one's privacy is wrong but it has to be accepted for the safety of the majority then was the privacy ever present?
Ethics is an important proponent when considering any decision. Knowing the difference between right and wrong is something everyone should know. However, the importance of ethics gets minimized when a decision that seems wrong actually has benefits. In the efforts of improving society, often ethics is violated. Sometimes in order for society to be better off as a whole, there has to be little sacrificing of ethical practices along the way to do so.
everyone thought the earth was flat. Please when you read this paper I am quoting from authors
Knowledge is defined as information and skills one acquires through experience or education. There is; however, a certain knowledge than cannot be certain and is unjustifiable from the scientific perspective. Karen Armstrong, Robert Thurman, and Azar Nafisi wrote about this type of knowledge in their essays: “Homo Religiosus,” “Wisdom,” and “Reading Lolita in Tehran,” respectively. Each of these authors has a different view of what knowledge is exactly, how it can be achieved, and what it means to have achieved it, but each author takes on the view that the concept of knowledge should be viewed from a social stance. Armstrong refers to this uncertain knowledge as “myth,” Thurman refers to it as “wisdom,” and Nafisi refers to it as “upsilamba";
Ethical judgements often add complex implications to the pursuit of knowledge, regardless of the area of knowledge. In the areas of the arts and natural sciences, ethics can pertain in diverging ways. For the arts, ethics often comes into question when determining whether or not it is worthwhile to sacrifice ethics for artistic choices and messages. For the natural sciences, in contrast, ethics is often debated in the pursuit of new knowledge. There are many different criteria to when it comes to the ethical justification of knowledge, all based on different perspectives; whether these judgements have a direct impact in knowledge production or come into play in hindsight depends largely upon how ethics is perceived.
Certain Societies value certain principles more than others. Appiah uses Confucius as an example, he says. “Confucius placed a great deal more weight on obedience to authority.” As a pose to what other societies value such as freedom. Which further proves that individuals are usually in agreement although Confucius might value freedom he values obedience a lot more. As a matter of fact when it comes to moral viewpoints all do agree in a sense but certain values are viewed more or less important. Thus determining how they react towards the issue. Appiah says.” No reasonable person thinks that it’s a good thing to punish innocent people. But we all know that human institutions are imperfect.” According to Appiah all individuals are against the punishment of individuals whom are guilt free. With that being said it does not mean that the system will be changed. But it is just a general notion in which people are opposed to the idea itself. Regardless it is a mistake that will occurs once in a while and the people are aware of that. When it comes to capital punishment it is perceived as a bigger issue, with the concern of killing the wrong person. Ending and innocent life is weighted more than just punishing the wrong person. Appiah mentions. “Many proponents of capital punishment believe it’s important to
How we approach the question of knowledge is pivotal. If the definition of knowledge is a necessary truth, then we should aim for a real definition for theoretical and practical knowledge. Methodology examines the purpose for the definition and how we arrived to it. The reader is now aware of the various ways to dissect what knowledge is. This entails the possibility of knowledge being a set of truths; from which it follows that one cannot possibly give a single definition. The definition given must therefore satisfy certain desiderata , while being strong enough to demonstrate clarity without losing the reader. If we base our definition on every counter-example that disproves our original definition then it becomes ad hoc. This is the case for our current defini...
Knowledge is something that can change day to day, which can be learned through both the natural and human sciences. Knowledge changes in the natural sciences when an experiment is conducted and more data has been gathered. Knowledge changes in human sciences when patterns are recognized in society and further tests have been conducted. Does our knowledge of things in the natural and human sciences change every day? I think that our knowledge grows everyday but does not necessarily change every day. The areas of knowledge that will be discussed in this essay are natural and human sciences. In History we can see that at one point something that was considered knowledge then transformed into different knowledge, especially in the natural sciences. However, in the past, due to lack of technology, it might have been more of a lack of knowledge that then turned into knowledge on the topic.
Production of knowledge is generally seen in a positive light. However, when ethics and morality become involved in the process of production, judgements will undoubtedly be made that may seem to limit the availability of that knowledge. Ethical judgements are made by the combination of a knower, his or her standard of value, and the situation itself. In the field of the arts and natural sciences, ethics plays a crucial role in the extent one may possibly be allowed to go when discovering new knowledge. Reason and emotion are important ways of knowing that help guide knowers in making certain moral decisions.
...feasibility' and 'Causal' theories, and knowledge as 'warranted true belief' require us to take a certain 'leap of faith' when considering the question of knowledge at times. In order to avoid scepticism, I hold that knowledge does not necessarily need to be infallible, but rather probable. This does not mean that a proposition does not need to be true, it means that something we hold as knowledge is not one which is beyond reasonable doubt, but one which it wouldn't make sense to doubt. Yes, we have an obligation to avoid doxastic errors by reflecting on our belief-forming processes and by adjusting them in pursuit of reliability, but we also need to make a reasonable link between reality and truth to the extent that a proposition becomes senseless to doubt. So, although Gettier problems may be inescapable, this does not mean we are starved of knowledge completely.
4. “Without application in the real world, the value of knowledge is greatly diminished.” Consider this claim with respect to two areas of knowledge.
From the dawn of time, education has been in existence in one form or another. Societies knew early on that to survive knowledge and experiences must be passed on to future generations. By passing on this knowledge people could take what others learned then build upon it. One such example is of the man that invented the wheel. He probably never imagined that his idea would later become the means to assist man to soar high in the sky with the fowls of the air. This miraculous feat might never have happened if he had not shared what he knew with others.
We gain knowledge in through our ways of knowing which are mainly perception, reason and language. We use them to find knowledge because we justify our claims and beliefs by their use, thus, our evidences, because they get us closer to the truth. To accept something as knowledge, it must be considered true, one must believe it and there must be justification why the person knows it, therefore these ways of knowing aid in the process for our quest for knowledge. In conclusion, in order to obtain knowledge all of these three attributes have to be integrated in some type of way, and due to the changing nature of all three of them, knowledge is always changing and it is dynamic, leading to the fact that knowledge can be discarded. The questions b...
We develop our views using different ways of knowing, sense perception, reasoning and emotions helps us to determine whether something is moral or not, right or wrong. It of course differs among people while we all perceive world in various ways. Ethical judgements limit the methods available in the production of knowledge in both the arts and the natural sciences. But this judgements are definitely needed to keep some safety while exploring the world. As my examples showed the lack of morality in both art and natural sciences let in consequence to suffering and death of living things. Ethical judgements limit the methods available in the production of knowledge, but in my personal opinion such a limitations are necessary, while people need boundaries which will help them to not overuse their power.
What is stated above happens around us all the time. Something might be proven today, but proven wrong tomorrow. Therefore I completely agree to this statement. But how do we accept something to be knowledge, and what makes one thing knowledge and the other thing just a theory? We can look at it from various aspects.
...otence in the Ethics Areas of Knowledge as personal emotion is centerfold to the seeker.