Whooping Cough Cause: Whooping Cough, also known as Pertussis, is a highly contagious disease affecting the respiratory system (nose, throat, lungs and airways) and is caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. The ‘whoop’ from the cough derives from the deep breaths at the end of each bout of coughing. Whooping cough is very infectious and affects individuals of all ages. Transmission: Whooping cough is transmitted via close personal contact, uncovered sneezes and coughing from infected people. Whooping cough is also transmitted through the droplets in the air and it can develop from the upper respiratory tract (including the nose, throat and windpipe) infections. Any individuals that are close to infected people may be exposed to their germs. Duration between exposure and getting sick usually takes a week and up to three weeks. Host Response: The bacterium of Whooping Cough can live independently inside a human host. The growth of the population of the bacteria grows very slowly but effectively. Once the bacterium enters into the host, it infects the lining of the airways this includes mainly the trachea (windpipe) and the bronchi (branches from the lungs). Once into contact with the lining of the airways, the bacterium Bordetella Pertussis multiplies and causes a build of mucus and phlegm. The bacterium causes the airways to swell up and make them narrower than usual results in difficulty in breathing. After a while, the organisms of the bacteria eventually die out due to the immune response of the person or the antibiotics taken, or sometimes they are transmitted to another person where the same process of colonisation may occur again. Major Symptoms: The symptoms of Whooping Cough are divided into 3 different stages. ... ... middle of paper ... ... taken, they must stay away from any childcares, school or workplaces for at least five days but if worse, then up to three weeks depending on the severity of the symptoms. Validity and Reliability of Sources: The sources that I have researched on the internet all describe the characteristics of Whooping Cough (Pertussis) are valid, this is due to the fact that majority of these websites are from government websites meaning that they are legitimate and the other websites have been written and edited by professionals of the health care department. Towards the reliability area, all website sources that I have utilised in researching have all came up with basically the same information repetitively and these websites that I have looked at have been used and the non-valid and non-reliable sources have not been used due to its lack of information and inconsistency.
Bordetella pertussis is a highly communicable agent and is transmitted person-to-person via airborne droplets or direct contact with discharges from the respiratory mucous membranes of an infected person. This small, gram-negative coccobacillus is non-motile, aerobic and fastidious. B. pertussis colonizes the respiratory tract including the mouth, nose, throat and beginning of the lungs of young children worldwide. The bacteria bind to ciliated cells in the respiratory mucosa by producing adhesions. Filamentous hemagglutinin on the cell surface and pertussis toxin (Ptx) both help the bacteria in binding. Filamentous hemagglutinin binds to the galactose residues on the glycolipid of the ciliated cells. Ptx, in its cell-bound form, binds to the glycolipid lactosylceramide, which is also found on the ciliated cells. Ptx binds to the surface of phagocytes as well, causing phagocytosis of the bacteria. This mechanism may lead to enhanced survival as an intracellular parasite. Adding to its many purposes, Ptx deregulates the host cell adenylate cyclase activity. The A subunit of this AB toxin, affects the G protein responsible for inhibiting adenylate cyclase. This leads to an increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) creating detrimental metabolic changes in the host cells.
Whooping cough is a highly contagious and acute respiratory disease caused by an aerobic Gram negative encapsulated coco-bacillus bacterium, Bordetella pertussis. It is a strict human pathogen with no known animal or environmental reservoirs and an air-borne disease. On inhalation, Bordetella pertussis colonizes the ciliated cells of the bronchio-epithelium to cause disease characterised by; epithelial damage, hyper mucus secretion, pulmonary edema and paroxysmal coughing. It is often accompanied by pneumonia, otitis edema, seizures, post-tussive vomiting and encephalopathy (1).
The lungs are the organs responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and the blood via the bronchial tree. Tuberculosis (TB) is a granulomatous disease which primarily infects the lungs but can spread to other vital organs. It is caused by bacteria called Myobacterium tuberculosis and if went untreated, can be fatal. TB is spread through the air when a person who is infected coughs or sneezes and a person nearby breathes the air. People who have been diagnosed with HIV are at a higher risk of contracting TB since their immune systems are weaker. Other risk factors include having diabetes, use of alcohol and drugs. In this paper I will discuss the normal functions and anatomy of the lungs and how TB effects these functions.
Reliability: The website is reliable but can still have wrong information as it is wrote by different people (before publishing someone’s update to the website it is verified to be true or false)
In order to be infected with the mumps virus one must be in direct contact with it . The virus is spread though salivary and respiratory secretions of its host which are humans (Marjorie, K.C.). Whether though kissing or through droplets of a simple sneeze the virus is spread very easily and is also very contagious. Once infected with the virus the normal nonspecific symptoms begin to occur such as headaches, malaise and muscle pain. Only after about 16-18 days will you see specific symptoms such as parotitis whic...
Diphtheria is caused by a pathogenic (disease causing) bacterium called Corynebacterium diphtheria also known as C. diphtheria (Nordqvist, 2004-2014). This bacterium usually effects the upper respiratory tract where inflammation is contracted. In a serious matter or event, this pathogen can be deadly once it enters the blood stream that leads to major parts of the body which includes the heart, brain and the nerves. This disease is also contagious and can be contracted by inhaling ultramicroscopic solid or liquid particles known as aerosolized secretions, direct contact with secretions or skin ulcer, and through contaminated items such as household or personal items.
The bacteria are gasped in a process of air and overcome by alveolar macrophages. In some cases the bacteria’s are able to reproduce and the new pledge can harm the victim. Furthermore, Tuberculosis spreads when the mycobacterial enters alveolar mycobacterial.
A breakthrough came about when Madsen developed an inactivated whole cell vaccine against pertussis also known as whooping cough (“Medindia”). Nearly all children developed this illness before the immunizations were available. It’s estimated that between 150,000 and 260,000 cases were reported each year and up to 9,000 pertussis-related deaths (“CDC”).
The bacteria which cause tuberculosis are spread through the air. The bacteria can goes in the air when someone with TB coughs, sneezes, speaks, or sings. If someone exposed to a TB patient are more chance to have the infection.
Tuberculosis is a highly contagious disease that is spread through the air from one person to another causing it to be an airborne disease. When a person with tuberculosis coughs or sneezes the bacteria fly into the air. Anyone around a person with tuberculosis who is not wearing proper personal protective equipment, and breathes in the bacteria will then catch tuberculosis. Tuberculosis mainly affects the lungs, but it can
These days whooping cough, also known as Pertussis, is not a serious disease because there are vaccinations available to prevent its occurrence. However, when I was five years old a vaccination was available but neither my siblings nor myself had been vaccinated against it and due to its highly contagious nature, I contracted whooping cough from my older sisters.
The bacterium Bordetella Pertussis causes Pertussis also known as the whooping-cough. This is an extremely contagious respiratory tract infection which causes the lining of the air way to become inflamed and damaged. This leads to an excess production of mucous which irritates the respiratory tract and causes the cough element of the disease. Pertussis can cause other serious illnesses and is usually spread through coughing or sneezing while in close contact with other people who then breathe in the bacteria causing disease. You can get Pertussis more than once sometimes even years apart at any age. If you have not completed the primary vaccination series you are at higher risk for severe illness. “Since the 1980’s, the number of reported Pertussis cases has gradually increased in the United States. In 2005, over 25,000 cases of Pertussis cases were reported in the United States, the highest number of reported cases since 1959. Approximately 60 percent of the cases were in adolescents and adults, a result of decreasing immunity in this population” (Department of Health, n.d.).
This is reflected by the demands for more serology testing, which the method of confirmation in adolescents as well as adults who typically present with milder features later in the course of the sickness. However, failing immunity following vaccination as well as natural infection is also likely to be an important factor. This increased activity has continued through the first quarter of 2012 and has extended into three month of infant age. Although a greater number of cases are being confirmed in older age groups, the incidence in these age groups remains relatively low. The name of the virus is called Pertussis, or whooping
When hygienic conditions were poor polio attacked infants. The disease was spread by contaminated water and contact with fecal contamination. Many infants died when the conditions were poor. But as conditions improved the virus spread differently. It was spread more through playmates and family members, the contamination came from the nose and throat. By the early 1950s, twenty-five percent of paralytic cases occurred in people 21 years old or older.
First, what is polio? Polio is a highly contagious disease (Nunn 5). That has been traced back 6,000 years (Davis). There are 3 types of polio they include Spinal-paralytic, Bulbar and Non-paralytic (DoSomething). All of them have physical symptoms of Back pain, Pain in the neck, vomiting, fatigue, stiff neck, sore throat,headache, muscle spasms, high but also long lasting fever (Nunn 5). They all have mental symptoms that vary, including Suicidal thoughts,depression, anxiety, schizophrenia personality disorder, alcohol abuse substance abuse organic conditions (Aaby). How is it spread? All the types of polio are spreading the same ways through the air, by mouth, contact with feces,drinking,eating (DoSomething).