Are you are someone you know suffering from pelvic pain? Do you feel that you are always running to the restroom because you have the urge to urinate or urinate frequently? If you answered yes to any of these questions, you may be suffering from a disease known as interstitial cystitis (IC). Before you panic, you should know that this disease is treatable, and you are not the only one suffering from it.
Throughout the course of this paper, you will learn everything you need to know about IC. First, we will talk about diagnosing the disease, what causes IC, medical conditions associated with IC, the various types of oral medications, and medications that are introduced into the bladder. In the second half of the paper, you will learn about the male with IC, surgery and the patient, sex, conservative therapies, and support.
To begin, what exactly is interstitial cystitis? It is a disease of the urinary bladder marked by inflammation and ulceration (interstitial cystitis means inflammation (cystitis) within (interstitial) the bladder wall). (Robert Moldwin). This is not a disease that can be detected by blood or urine. The only way that this disease is able to be recognized is by the symptoms that you are experiencing. A person with IC usually experiences symptoms between 30-50 years old, although it can occur earlier in life. It is said that 90% of IC patients tend to be women. (ICA)
You're probably thinking to yourself, "Do I have interstitial cystitis"? Your doctor can make the ultimate decision of whether or not you have IC. Providing a medical history will help eliminate and bring about possibilities. Tests will also be used to help determine the decision some of which include: a urinalysis, a urine culture, urine cytology, a pelvic ultra sound, and an urodynamic evaluation (Moldwin).
No one really knows what causes interstitial cystitis. Researchers have identified the causes by the complaints that the patients provide (ICA). Patients that have IC are said to have abnormalities on the bladder surface, abnormalities of the bladder's blood supply, undiagnosed microorganisms, and autoimmunity (ICA).
Today, there are many medical conditions that are associated with interstitial cystitis. In a 1997 study by Alagiri, Chottiner, Ratner, Slade, et al, described the following seen in IC patients: allergies 40.6, irritable bowel syndrome 25.4, and skin sensitivity 22.6 (Moldwin). Other conditions associated with IC include vulvodynia, pelvic floor dysfunction, fibromyalgia, urethral syndrome, and urinary tract infection (UTI) (WHC).
Symptoms for urethritis are mild including frequency of urination and pyuria (presence of white blob cells in the urine). Cystitis (bladder infection) symptoms are easier to distinguish and include back pain, concentrated appearance, urgency, hematuria (presence of red blood cells in the urine), a...
Cystitis is the medical term for inflammation of the urinary bladder. Most of the time, the inflammation is caused by a bacterial infection, and it’s called a urinary tract infection. A bladder infection can be painful and annoying, and it can become a serious health problem if the infection spreads to your kidney.
This can be investigated by a range of procedures. These include a CT scan of the kidneys and bladder in conjunction with an abdominal X-ray. Results obtained from the diagnosis and tests enable judgments’ relating to the stage to which the problem has developed and will inform decisions on the appropriate treatment
2013). Inappropriate use of urinary catheter in patients as stated by the CDC includes patients with incontinence, obtaining urine for culture, or other diagnostic tests when the patient can voluntarily void, and prolonged use after surgery without proper indications. Strategies used focused on initiating restrictions on catheter placement. Development of protocols that restrict catheter placement can serve as a constant reminder for providers about the correct use of catheters and provide alternatives to indwelling catheter use (Meddings et al. 2013). Alternatives to indwelling catheter includes condom catheter, or intermittent straight catheterization. One of the protocols used in this study are urinary retention protocols. This protocol integrates the use of a portable bladder ultrasound to verify urinary retention prior to catheterization. In addition, it recommends using intermittent catheterization to solve temporary issues rather than using indwelling catheters. Indwelling catheters are usually in for a longer period. As a result of that, patients are more at risk of developing infections. Use of portable bladder ultrasound will help to prevent unnecessary use of indwelling catheters; therefore, preventing
Although, all indications point to an infection if there the WBC count is extremely high and could result in urinary sepsis that would have to be treated with antibiotics (Mayo Clinic, 2017). However, blood calcium levels may be elevated above 300mg/day if the parathyroid is analyzed for hyperactivity ruling it out. Urinary calculi are made up of calcium making them more detectable on a KUB depending on their size if it is less then 2 mm, but if the stone is uric acid it would make it undetectable in the KUB since it is radiolucent (Endocrine Diseases, 2017). It appears that an accurate evaluation determining urinary calculi is by means of a CT scan. It is able to be conducting quickly using the spiral or helical cuts when taking images of the entire urinary tract. It helps identify other possibilities of pain near the kidneys if there are no stones found. As for a standard x-ray of the kidneys, bladder, and ureters it could help to identify stones since they are visible on x-rays (NHS,
The focus of this paper is to present Mr. Lane’s case study of Urinary tract infection; mention pertinent labs, diagnostic tests that were done to obtain the diagnosis and the outcome. There are various factors that cause Urinary tract infection. The factors that lead to the development of the infection will be discussed. This paper will describe the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and the treatment options that were considered to manage the infection.
The treatment for IC is just to reduce the symptoms. There is no cure. You can treat it be oral drugs and changing your eating patterns. You treat it by nerve stimulants, and other drugs. Foods that are highly acidic and alcoholic, even salty will affect the flares of these pains. Considerations when a person has this disease is that they're in pain, and you can't make them do a lot of things. If they can't get up, then provide the best treatment you can by them laying down. A C.N.A will also have to watch their intake, to make sure the diet is still in affect so not to flare up any pains. Also, make sure they stop smoking because smoking is a major cause of bladder cancer. Do range of motion on the person with IC, because small exercise helps with relief of the symptoms. You may also do bladder training with your patient, to help them not use the bathroom so frequently. The training method is keep a schedule of when they should urinate, and stick to the schedule. If they have to go before then find a distraction to help them not think about it. If worse comes to worse, surgery is a possible answer too.
When asked about his typical elimination pattern, the patient stated that he voids several times daily, and typically has one bowel movement per day. The patient denied any concerns nor expressed any problems regarding his usual pattern of bowel/bladder elimination. He also denied any symptoms such as pain, bleed, unusual appearance or pattern. Furthermore, he has previously experienced dysuria and hesitancy by record. No treatment regarding elimination is implied at this time. There were no labs drawn in respects to the patient’s fluid or electrolyte status.
There are several symptoms of kidney stones. One is slowly increasing pain in the lower back and pelvis area, eventually leading to the groin. A constant urge to urinate is also a symptom. One of the more obvious ones is blood in th...
Bladder cancer is something that can happen to anyone. It’s important for patients to know the symptoms and report any out of the ordinary findings to their doctor. If bladder cancer is caught early enough, it can be treated noninvasively. If it is caught at a later stage, luckily, there are options with high success rates for patients to live a pretty normal life despite the surgery they may have to undergo.
Patients may present with a number of symptoms which obscure the clinical picture and make it difficult to diagnose incontinence. (Dawson and Nethercliffe 2012) It is also important to note that incontinence may be the first presenting symptom for a number of other conditions, therefore further tests and examinations are required. There are several different types of urinary incontinence and symptoms can vary depending on this. Incontinence can arise as a result of an overactive balder, dysfunction of the urethral sphincters, or a combination of the two. (NICE
can block the urinary tract. This blockage will probably cause a lot of pain. If
The scientific name of a kidney infection is known as pyelonephritis. There are two types of pyelonephritis infections, acute and chronic. Acute pyelonephritis is sudden and limited and can be cured/treated using antibiotics. However, if it is a chronic infection, it is long-lasting and occurs due to birth defects; it can lead to scarring in the kidneys, as well. Kidney infections can occur in both men and women. Although, according to Chih-Yen’s study of chronic infection, “Females (36.1%, 60/166) were more prone to have upper UTIs than males (11.8%, 13/110)” (Chih-Yeh, 2014; Chih-Yeh et al., 2014). In addition, age is not an important number due to the presence of Escherichia coli present in everyone’s body. It is dependent on time and health of an individual for the infection to present itself. Moreover, a study on children and adolescent transplantation concluded that, “UTI was uncommon in children after the first month of transplantation. Two significant risk factors for UTI were female gender and neurogenic bladder in this transplant population” (Fallahzadeh, 2011; Fallahzadeh et al., 2011). From the peer-reviewed papers, it is clear that females are more prone to UTI infection, overall, than
A urinary tract infection is a very common infection that can happen to anybody. A urinary tract infection usually occurs when bacteria enters the urethra and multiples in the urinary system. The Urinary tract includes the kidneys, the thin tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder (ureters), and the main tube that carries the urine from the bladder (urethra). Women, men, and children are all immune to this infection. Women have the highest chances of getting it. In the Urinary tract, the main links of the ureters help get rid of any bacteria that tries to enter the urine, and the bladder helps prevent urine from backing up into the kidneys.
Genitourinary system: He doesn’t have pain during urinating and no increase of passing urine and he doesn’t need to get up in the middle of the night to pass urine. There is no blood in the urine.