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castles and there simularities from now to middle ages
function of a castle in the medieval time period
conclusion on castles of medieval europe
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The high medieval Welsh princes and Gaelic Irish lords are comparable in several ways. Both had to contend with the ever-growing presence of the Anglo-Normans and were able to maintain some form of native rule throughout the period (“Gaelic lordly settlement” 209). Furthermore, castles played a significant role in the proceedings whether built or captured and whether they were of native origins or Anglo-Norman. This can be attributed to their capabilities of withstanding various scales of warfare and being one of the means of displaying lordly rank (“Settlement and Society” 97). However, the functions, characteristics, and prevalence of castles are not necessarily uniform across the three groups. Using the historical and archaeological evidence derived from scholarly sources, the various uses, distinguishing features, and similarities of castles by the native Welsh and Gaelic Irish lords during the late twelfth and thirteenth centuries can be accounted for more fully.
The account will be structured by first outlining the evidence for native Welsh castles during that time period. This will involve a description of the historical context for their construction, functions, prominent builders, distinguishing characteristics, and notable examples. The examination will be interspersed with comparisons to contemporary Anglo-Norman building patterns. The regions of Wales referenced throughout the paper will include Gwynedd in the north, Powys in the east, and Deheubarth in the south as seen in Figure 1. Following these Welsh examples, the discussion will shift to a comparison between the native Welsh and the Gaelic Irish lords concerning the extent of their castle building. This will incorporate a section describing the use of ...
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Davis, P. Castles of the Welsh Princes (Talybont, 2008).
McNeill, T.E. Castles in Ireland – Feudal Power in a Gaelic World (London and New York, 1997) pg. 157-164.
O’Conor, K. Chapter 4: “Settlement and Society in Medieval Gaelic Ireland” in The archaeology of medieval rural settlement in Ireland. Discovery Programme Monographs 3 (Dublin, 1998) pg. 73-107.
O’Conor, K. “Gaelic lordly settlement in 13th- and 14th century Ireland” in Holm, I., Innselet, S. and Oye, I. (eds.) ‘Utmark’ – the outfield as industry and ideology in the Iron Age and the Middle Ages (Bergen, 2005) pg. 209-221.
O’Conor, K., Brady, N., Connon, A. and Fidalgo-Romo, C. “The Rock at Lough Cé, Co. Roscommon” in T. Finan (ed.) Medieval Lough Cé – History, Archaeology, and Landscape (Dublin, 2010) pg. 15-40.
Rees, S.E. and Chapple, C. Dinefwr Castle and Dryslwyn Castle (Cardiff, 1999).
In 476 AD, centuries of amassed knowledge in science and philosophy, literature and the arts lay in peril of destruction alongside the physical Roman Empire. Thomas Cahill's book How the Irish Saved Civilization sheds light upon the role of the Irish people in the conservation and rebirth of civilization and the Western tradition after the fall of the Roman Empire. It is here that Cahill opens his book and after a brief description of classical civilization, that we are given a look at another people, far different from the Romans and Greeks- the vibrant and intriguing Celts. How these people came in contact with the civilized world and how they assisted in pulling the West out of the Dark ages is, then, the paramount of Cahill's argument.
...ncyclopedia of Archaeology, Ed. Deborah M. Pearsall. Vol. 3. Oxford, United Kingdom: Academic Press, 2008. p1896-1905. New Britain: Elsevier, Inc.
- - - The New Penguin Atlas of Medieval History. London, England, Penguin Books, no publication
Westerkamp, Marilyn. Triumph of the Laity: Scots-Irish Piety and the Great Awakening, 1625-1760. New York: Oxford UP, 1988.
The ancient mythology of Ireland is one of its’ greatest assets. The glorious, poetic tales of battles, super humans, demigods and heroes ranks among the best of ancient literature. The book of the Dun Cow, (Lebor na huidre), was written around 1100 and contains stories from the eighth and ninth centuries. The Book of Invasions, (Lebor Gabala), tells how the mythical ancestors of the Irish, the God-like Tuatha Dé Danann, wrestled Ireland (or Erin) from misshapen Fir Bolg in fantastic battles. The Fir Bolg were traditionally linked to Gaul and Britain so the analogy between them and the invading English was complete.
Clarke, D., & Maguire, P. (200). Skara Brae: Northern Europe's best preserved neolithic village ; (p. 14). Edinburgh: Historic Scotland.
It is mentioned in the journal, “The Demographic Factor in Ireland’s Movement towards Partition(1607-1921)” ...
Though much is lost to history, we do still know a considerable amount about Irish Celtic cultures and practices. The records that we do have come from a variety of secondary sources including Roman records of the Celts, Catholic documents, Secular prose and poetry, and even a few primary ancient Irish texts (2, 6). The script of pre-christian Ireland is known as Ogam, the earliest examples of which date back as far as the fourth century (2). However, because early Irish mythology was a mostly oral tradition, more widespread literacy in Ireland did not begin until Christianity came to the island in the early 400s (2). Pope Palladius sent the first Catholic missionaries to Ireland in 431 C.E. (2). Their goal of spreading the Catholic gospel created the need for literacy among the newly establi...
Tithe Applotment Books for Northern Ireland, ca. 1822—1937. Ireland: Land Commission. Parish of Dromore, Tyrone. FHL microfilm 258456.
William V. Shannon "The American Irish", The Macmillian Co. , N.Y 1964 , Page 131-151
Also Clonycavan man who laid directly along the county border of Meath and Westmeath, dividing the ancient territories of Brega and Mide. Recent research of Iron age bog Bodies in Ireland clearly isolates forty different locations in which bog Bodies were found in close propinquity to important primarily barony boundaries (Kelly, 2006). Nevertheless the Boundary theory is restricted and bias...
Before the period of the middle ages, the British Isles mostly lay dormant in local disputes and settlements of small tribes. Up until the late 900’s, the Anglos and the Saxons laid their claim to the land of Britain. However, this all soon changed. An ambitions individual with hero-like characteristics set foot and conquered the Anglo-Saxons and started Britain on its journey to modernism. Thus, the tide was set in motion for a new government and a civilized race. A monarchy was established, and the Middle ages began in roughly 975 AD (Vinogradoff, p 18).
Holinshed R. Historie of Scotland (2nd Ed. Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland 1587) "Historie of Scotland"
Print. "The Middle Ages: Feudal Life." Learner.org. Annenberg Foundation, 2012. Web.
To undertake a full thematic investigation of this period would be very much beyond the scope of this paper. Thus, the essay will embark on a high level chronological interpretation of some of the defining events and protagonists, which influenced the early modernization of Ireland during the period 1534-1750. The main focus of the paper will concentrating on the impact and supervision of the Tudor dynasty. Firstly, the essay will endeavour to gain an understanding as to what contemporary historians accept as being the concept of modernization during this time period. The paper will then continue by examine the incumbent societal and political structure of Ireland prior to the Tudor conquests. This will have the impact of highlight the modernising effects produced by the subsequent attempts by the Tudors to consolidate and centralise power in the hands of the State. Once more, due to the vast nature of the time period, not every modernizing effect can be examined. Therefore, the paper will concentrate on the modernization of the political landscape, land ownership and the impact this had on the geographic construct of the island.