Slaughterhouses produce high strength wastewater (EC, 2005), which contain high levels of biodegradable organic matter, as faecal, undigested food, blood, suspended material (Jian and Zhang, 1999). Slaughterhouse wastewater composition in terms of organic strength, inorganic elements, alkalinity, and pH is adequate for biological treatment (Massé and Masse, 2000). Design criteria for slaughterhouse wastewater treatment plants are widely published (Travers & Lovett, 1984; Li et al, 2008).
Generally, variations in slaughterhouse wastewater composition are significant, depending on the production procedures, byproducts’ recovery and cleaning procedures (Pozo et al., 2003). The high biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) to chemical oxygen demand (COD) ratio suggests an easily biodegradable wastewater, the relatively low BOD to total Kjeldhal nitrogen (TKN) ratio suggests a need for nitrification and possibly even nitrogen removal and finally the relatively high total suspended solids (TSS) characterize the slaughterhouses’ wastewater (Chen and Lo, 2003; Lovett et al., 1984). The TKN values are highly dependent on the blood handling process of the slaughterhouse. The concentration of contaminants in slaughterhouses wastewater vary, with COD, TKN and TSS concentration ranging from 1000-20000 mg L-1, 150-10000mg L-1 and 250-5000mg L-1 respectively (Li et al, 2008). For large scale slaughterhouses, on-site biological treatment is recommended by the European Commission to remove organic carbon and nutrients before the wastewater is discharged to surface water or local wastewater treatment plants (EC, 2005). This has forced many industries to treat their wastewater to a level obtainable by implementing the best available technology for wastewater ...
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Due to the Water Pollution Control Act of 1970, there are stringent standards that need to be considered when depositing wastewater from the process. It was not possible to show the path that the wastewater would take after leaving the system, however, the pollution standards were considered. The water that was produced in the reaction were present in streams with other components such as CO2, butadiene, and maleic anhydride. Due to this exposure, the separated water will be sent to a waste water treatment plant where it will undergo many steps to ensure that the pollutants have been properly removed (Plant Design Book
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Encompassing the agricultural processes involved in the raising and slaughtering of livestock, the meat industry naturally involves some economical, environmental, biological, geographical, and ethical consequences. As one of the largest components of the global agricultural sector, the meat industry is able to impact the world’s water resources on an alarming level. It does this in primarily two very significant ways: through its consumption of water and its contributions to water pollution. These effects on the world’s water are an increasing cause for concern as water scarcity escalates.
Stephenson, R., & Blackburn, J. J. (1998). The Industrial Wastewater Systems Handbook. New York: Lewis Publishers.
In the United States Using waste water, as drinking water is very controversial. There are individuals who agree that agree that it is a good source of water and don’t mind there wastewater being reused. On the other hand, there are other individuals who see this as unhealthy practice and would be disgusted by the though of doing this. Being controversial, many states and cities in The U.S have not taken steps to increase the use of wastewater, which is renewable, as a source of water, causing a greater demand for non-renewable water sources. This is having a great impact on the world as the world population grows.
The Perdue Farms is an American business corporation which has specialized in the processing of chicken as well as turkey together with pork products ("Perdue Farms Homepage : Company History, Corporate Responsibility and More", n.d.). Just as other production companies, this corporation is involved in practices that place the surrounding conditions at risk and hence it calls for correct precautionary activities which must be adopted as well as implemented to avoid potential risks to the environment. Processing of meat results to the release of harmful fatty substances together with other macrobiotic biodegradable substances that are much harmless but require to be monitored together with disposed of in an appropriate manner.
The extreme amounts of livestock waste have left us with a polluted planet, controversy between those for and against livestock industries and the problem of how to deal with the waste. While there is no unanimous decision on how to deal with livestock waste, almost everyone agrees that there is a need to educate livestock operators better and fund more research to determine the best ways to manage livestock waste. Although all of the problems that have come from the lagoon spills were horrible at the time, they may benefit the health of the environment and the public by forcing people on all sides of the issue to face the problems that livestock waste causes and work together to find a solution.
There are several types of treatment methods present but biological treatment methods have gained much traction in the recent years due to their low operation costs, comparatively benign effects on the environment and their ease of handling and maintenance. Biological wastewater treatment methods can be subcategorized into dispersed growth systems and attached growth systems. Biofilms fall under the latter category (Sehar & Naz, 2016)
Wang, J.Y., Xu, H.L. & Tay, J.H., 2002. A hybrid two-phase systems for anaerobic digestion of food waste. Water Science and Technology. 45: 159-165.
Srikakulam city has been a developing place due to the steady increase in city population, which in turn resulted in the increase of domestic sewage generated, but still there is no sewage treatment plant. So it is required to construct a sewage treatment plant with sufficient capacity to treat the generated sewage. Sewage water treatment has challenges to treat the excess sludge and disposal of sludge. Sewage/Wastewater treatment operations are done by various methods in order to reduce, its water and organic content, and the ultimate
To recommend an appropriate system for treatment of organic solid waste by using indegenous microbial consortia.
A slaughterhouse of this size requires regular environmental monitoring. To do this, it has to undergo environmental impact assessment to determine whether there is violation of the mitigating measures. To achieve this, a respectable budget should be included in the maintenance and operating cost to answer for many defects that may result to environmental disaster, this budget should be on regular basis to include hiring in contractual basis environmental engineer.
The aim for this experiment is to find the most cost effective method for purifying hard water.
The waste water is represent of the major sources of pollution to water bodies after being discharged into rivers without proper treatment or partial treatment as it contains toxic organic substances that lead to a decline in natural water and disruption the balance of the environment ,that causes the occurrence of water pollution . Wastewater treatment processes rely on assimilation of microorganisms and enzymatic effectiveness in breakage chains carbon of soluble organic pollutants , as sewage water containing many of the compounds aliphatic ,aromatic , phenolic compounds and toluene .Which are toxic and carcinogenic compounds. (Luz and Yoav, 2008).
Technological Innovations: The lack of technical equipment’s for the management and treatment of solid waste and waste water is major challenge and concerns of the food processing industries. The use of technical instrument can enhance their treatment and will reduce waste generation too.