Chapter One:
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
The process of designing intersections, roundabouts included, for traffic management is complex in nature due to randomness and the work load involved may be extensive in terms of data collection. Hence, for a comprehensive study to be undertaken, a number of broad strategy options must be considered. These approaches include;
Land use transportation approach – the management of land use planning is perceived as the solution to controlling the demand for transport.
Demand management approach – involves planning for the future by managing demand more effectively the existing road network rather than constructing new roads. This could be achieved by promoting car pooling by allowing private cars with
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These activities include haulage of imports and exports to and from ports and harbours, transport of farm products to the markets and other consumers, trips to work and school, and access to personal needs like hospital visits and shopping.
It is therefore important to have efficient methods in the execution of transportation development to manage the ever changing variables in the transportation industry.. This in turn motivates the need to develop and understand the behaviour and performance of urban streets.
The A104 is a crucial trunk road for transit cargo movement from the port of Mombasa to the landlocked Uganda, Congo, Rwanda and Burundi. But since it runs through downtown Nairobi, where it encounters lengthy gridlocks that cause counter-productive delays, there was need to re-route a section of it to reduce the travel time for not just transit cargo but also for other traffic that need to access the southern part of the city without going through the
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This is intended to be achieved by simulating the performance of the intersection as it is now and comparing it to as it will be with the roundabout in place, and give an understanding of how traffic simulation models could be applied for investigating traffic flow in reality.
A traffic simulation model using a computer program will be used in the evaluation of traffic management, employing the PTV Vistro - a microscopic and behaviour-based simulation model developed for urban traffic and public transport modelling - as the design software which is based on the Highway Design Manual. 1.3 Research on problem
The scope of the design will be a comparative analysis of the current 4-way un-channelized intersection and that of a signalized roundabout. For simplicity of the project, cyclists and pedestrians will be disregarded in the
commuters waste 38 hours per year stuck in traffic. In Washington D.C. and Los Angeles, the situation is even more serious with drivers squandering 67 and 61 hours, respectively, staring at the license plate of the stationary vehicle in front of them” (Keeping, n.d.). Henceforth, it is my speculation that a negative response to the issue of car congestion will generate some serious consequences for the foreseeable future. It is my prediction that a refusal to resolve this dilemma, will spawn complete chaos and anarchy upon the globes highways and byways. Therefore, it is vital that some type of action is taken beforehand in order to alleviate this issue before it gets out of hand. By and large, this final phase of this paper drives this assignment to its conclusion. Ergo, the ensuing portion of this case assignment will elaborate on highlights of this
The behavioral models of the traffic as a system has been developed and studied for several decades and the core behavioral models, Gipps’ car-following/acceleration model and lane-changing model are more or less enough to predict behavioral outcomes of vehicles in homogeneous traffic conditions with lane discipline. In mixed traffic conditions with weak/no lane discipline however, the behavior of a vehicle cannot be defined separately using the car-following and lane-changing models. The behavior of a vehicle under such conditions is very dynamic – depending on the behavior of other vehicles in its vicinity. Also, there exists a continuous interaction among the vehicles and therefore, every vehicle is influenced by its surrounding vehicles.
Today, worldwide reports of the alarming road carnage statistics indicate that the same problem still persists as motorists continue to engage ...
Mississauga and its neighboring cities are often crowded with people trying to commute to work, mostly by car, which increases the amount of time it takes to get to places. If trains and subways were to be built, people would be able to travel long distances without having to use a car, thereby increasing the efficiency of transportation. Furthermore, the city of Mississauga could also increase the amount of buses that drive throughout the city. As of now, the amount of buses driving under the MiWay system is extremely low in proportion to the growing population. By increasing the amount of fleet, it increases the amount of people able to ride at a time; thus making transportation by public busing more efficient. Additionally, roundabouts could be placed around the city to control traffic flow in a much better way. Roundabouts are more commonly known as traffic circles, in which vehicles all move around a central point instead of moving in straight lanes. With more traffic circles, vehicles are able to move around more efficiently and decrease the amount of gridlock when needing to go to a destination, as they control traffic much more
To help address the concern with additional traffic on the roads light-rail trains are becoming more popular. This means cars and trains may share lanes during travel. When this is the case it is very important that drivers are very aware of their surroundings. They must look behind them before entering a shared lane. If the light is flashing, do not enter that lane until it is clear.
Several surveys have shown the city of Miami to be one of the least preferable cities in which to drive. Every morning there is an exodus of Biblical proportions, as thousands or cars tightly pack into highways six lanes wide. More discouraging about driving in Miami is the mind-numbingly slow pace with which traffic moves. Moreover, bumper-to-bumper traffic causes many minimal damage accidents that ironically have larger, more negative, effects on traffic congestion than they actually should. Other factors such as construction and aggressive drivers create more hazardous conditions for commuters. The roads and highways of Miami are a world of danger that creates the unpleasant experience it is to drive in Miami.
Although Knoxville has many dangerous spots transportation wise, I have chosen an intersection in Alcoa in which I have much more knowledge of to discuss. This particular intersection is the US 129 bypass at Louisville Road. I mention that I have previous knowledge of this intersection because I am in fact an employee of this city, and have therefore compiled crash data as well as traffic counts for such. Not only is this intersection dangerous because of high speeds, but there is also a lack of acceleration lanes in which to enter traffic, and businesses such as Wal-mart and Cracker Barrel contribute to it’s cross road over crowding.
Capacity is the main determinant of analysing the traffic performance of roundabouts. The movements of the vehicles were observed at 2 roundabouts in Varanasi. Gap acceptance and follow up time were estimated for cars for one hour analysis. The relation between a roundabout performance measure and capacity is expressed in terms of degree of saturation (volume – Capacity ratio). The capacity analysis is done based on gap acceptance method that is adopted by Tanner based on the HCM 2010. The traffic movement data with vehicle characteristics were collected from 2 roundabouts in Varanasi. These 2 roundabouts are directly related to their approach leg numbers.Approach entry capacity has been analysed for all 2 roundabouts at their legs. Effective capacity verses entry flow relationship have been developed in order to find out the causes of their over Saturation (v/c ratio greater than 0.85) And the result indicates; number of entry lanes, number of circulatory lanes and high traffic flow are the major causes of their over saturation.
The economical advantages are those that are most evident in our nation these days. Consumers want products, products need delivering, deliveries require logistics, and logistics cannot be performed without the proper road network. It is here that EU grants have helped, being instrumental in the upgrading of our road infrastructure, allowing them to cope with the increased flow of traffic create...
...e to be updated to consider who stopped first and has enough time passed to try and go across the intersection. In the event that all 4 cars at the intersection are self-driving cars, then it may be easier to handle this situation because the cars could have the ability to communicate with each other and decide faster.
Traffic engineers and planners need information about traffic. They need information to design and manage road and traffic system. They use the information for planning and designing traffic facilities, selecting geometric standards, economic analysis and determination of priorities. They use this to justify warrant of traffic control devices such as signs, traffic signals, pavement markings, school and pedestrian crossings. The also use this information to study the effectiveness of introduced schemes, diagnosing given situations and finding appropriate solutions, forecasting the effects of projected strategies, calibrating and validating traffic models.
For formulating a more efficient transport pattern, there are some specific strategies. Firstly, government can encourage people to pay more attention to public transit. The actual data about transit use from most cities indicates that transit use is growing in many cities, in addition, some developed cities have been reducing their car use and pay more attention to the public transport (Newman, 1999). Encouraging urban citizens use more public transit is effective in reducing the quantity of private cars. It is generally known that private cars have brought great pressure on urban traffic. Secondly, government can restrict cars based on the “odd-and-even l...
Traffic control establishes a set of rules and regulations that people rely on to help avoid collisions and other hazards. With almost 160 million motorists and 3.8 million miles of public roads in the United States, traffic control on the highways is an important aspect of daily life. Without the control of speed there would be more fatalities than we already have now. Speed limits should be obeyed. A motorist going too slow could cause an accident. When everyone is traveling at the speed limit, a car comes up going 40 mph; if you break everyone will, too, perhaps causing a collision. Motorists depend on traffic control to avoid collisions and travel safely to their destination.
The development of every nation hinges on the effectiveness of their transportation systems. Movement of goods, services and people to and from locations is made possible by transportation systems. The importance of effective transportation systems cannot be over-emphasized. Many countries face transportation problems and my country Ghana is no exception. A trip of about 30 minutes usually takes about an hour or more due to traffic jams. This is seriously impacting productivity and has become a topical issue in the country. The situation is the same in Uganda where I currently work. To this end, Transportation Engineers are needed to design roads/ highways that will stand the test of time, plan effective traffic management systems to reduce
We all use vehicles for transportation. People usually go to their desired destination either by driving their own cars or traveling in public transportation. Actually, it might be tough to choose that which one is the best selection for people to travel. Many people choose one of them according to their comfort while traveling and both of them have advantages and disadvantages in different conditions. Public transportation and driving own car both shares differences and similarities in many aspects, such as facility, cost, and comfort as well as traffic jam and accident occurrence.