Giovanna Eynaudi
Considering the information provided in the case of Mr. Jock, and after aligning all symptoms and signs to the DSM-5 criteria, the patient should receive the diagnosis of Bipolar I, current episode manic, severe severity, with mood congruent psychotic features, with catatonia.
As mentioned in the DSM-5, to receive the Bipolar I diagnosis, and individual must meet criteria for at least one manic episode, which may (but not required) have been preceded by or may be followed by hypomanic or major depressive episodes (Criterion A for Bipolar I), and should not be better explained by the presence of schizophrenia, schizoaffective, schizophreniform, or delusional disorder, or other specified or unspecified schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorder (Criterion B of Bipolar I).
In this particular case, Mr. Jock’s symptoms have met criteria for an episode of mania, which is characterized by a period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased goal-directed activity or energy, lasting for at least 1 week and present most of the day, nearly every day (DSM-5, Criterion A of Manic Episode). During this period, the patient should be significantly experiencing at least three or more symptoms of inflated self-esteem or grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, more talkative than usual or pressure to keep talking, flight of ideas or subjective experience that thoughts are racing, distractibility, increased in goal-directed activity or psychomotor agitation, and/or excessive involvement in activities that have a high potential for painful consequences (DSM-5, Criterion B of Manic Episode).
Mr. Jock meets both criterion A and B of a manic episode as he experi...
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...apine, quetiapine, aripiprazole, risperidone, and may include ziprasidone) to treat psychotic symptoms, and mood stabilizers such as lithium or valproate to control manic episodes.
Additionally, and as medical treatment is constantly being monitored, it would be beneficial to educate Mr. Jock and his family, regarding medication therapy in order to increase compliance to treatment. This could include information about the risk of relapse to mania that may occur, how to identify symptoms, and what to do when noticing these symptoms.
Lastly, Mr. Jock should also consider psychoeducation and care management to increase the effectiveness of the intervention. This will involve the patient and family members during the treatment as they learn about the course of the illness, signs of relapse, and the benefit and risks involved in each of the treatment options available.
Bipolar disorder, which is also called manic-depression, is a term used to define forms of irregular and intense mood swings that can make someone be depressed one day and a complete maniac the next. Unlike other medical conditions, bipolar disorder does not only affect one’s life, but it can also have an impact on other individuals. The extreme mood swings can have a major consequence on someone’s social life and cause one to fail in his or her career or education. Even though bipolar is not the immense discussion in medical disorders; it is still a dangerous condition that affects a multitude of individuals in the world. Many suffer severe symptoms and dangers but they can still live a satisfying life with treatments and therapy.
Jamison begins with a brief explanation of manic-depressive illness and its effects on human behavior. The term "manic-depressive illness" refers to a variety of mental disorders which share similar symptoms, but range greatly in severity. These disorders alters one's mood and behaviors, disrupt established sleep and sexual patterns, and cause fluctuations in energy level. Manic-depressive illness cause cycles of manic, energized highs followed by debilitating, lethargic lows. Such disorders usually develop early in life and intensify over time, leading to maniacal highs and devastating lows. The manic energy associated with mental disorders may cause a person to r...
Bipolar Disorder (Formerly known as Manic Depression) is a mental illness linked to alterations in moods such as mood swings, mania, and depression. There is more than one type, Bipolar I and Bipolar II, and the subcategories are divided by the severity of the symptoms seen, such as cyclothymic disorder, seasonal mood changes, rapid cycling disorder and psychosis. Age of onset usually occurs between 15-30 years old with an average onset of 25 years old but it can affect all ages. (Harvard Medical School; Massachusetts General Hospital , 2013) Bipolar disorder affects more than two million people in the United States every year. (Gardner, 2011)
In DSM-V, bipolar 1 disorder is defined as meeting the following criteria for a manic episode, which may or may not be followed by a hypomanic or major depressive episode: There must be a distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irri...
It is concerning that Ms. IC presents with little sleep for days, also might not consume food or fluids for days, poor judgment and behavior, plus her medical history of mania. Due to dehydration, faulty judgment and unable to meet her own physiologic need as well as to set limits on her own behavior, she is at risk for injury. In addition, her communication patterns (speaking readily and overly talkative), inappropriate dress and amusing behaviors show that she is decreasing defensive coping skills, therefore, she is not in a stable physical and mental status.
-Healy David. Mania: A Short History of Bipolar Disorder. The John Hopkins University Press. Baltimore. 2008. Print
Bipolar disorder is a lifelong mood disorder characterized by periods of mania, depression, or a mixed manic-depressive state. The condition can seriously affect a person’s reasoning, understanding, awareness, and behavior. Acco...
...rly 20s when symptoms of bipolar disorder first appear. Bipolar I disorder is one or more manic episodes or mixed episodes (symptoms of both a mania and a depression occurring nearly every day for at least one week) and one or more major depressive episodes. Some symptoms would include, feeling hopeless, sad, or empty, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, thoughts of death or suicide. Treatment for bipolar mania may include lithium, anticonvulsants, antipsychotics, and benzodiazepines.
The characteristics of bipolar disorder are significant shifts in mood that go from manic episodes to deep depressive episodes in a up and down trip that seemingly never ends. There are actually three types of bipolar disorder. In bipolar III disorder there is a family history of mania or hypomania in addition to the client experiencing depressive episodes. This category is not highly used but is worth noting. Bipolar II disorder is marked by hypomanic episodes that have not required hospitalization. Bipolar I disorder is the full-blown illness and is defined by the presence of manic episodes which require treatment, and usually hospitalization (Wilner 44).
Bipolar Disorder is a type of mental illness, more precisely a mood disorder which is characterized by mania and depressive episodes. Mania is a period of elevated or irritable moods and depression episodes are low or sad moods, these episodes can last from a few days to several months and can impair the ability to function in everyday life. There are several classifications of these episodes and even mixed states in which one experiences both episodes at the same time. To be diagnosed with BD you must seek a health care provider who performs a thorough exam and lab tests to look for other illnesses that may be causing the symptoms that resemble BD. The diagnosis is based on the self – reported experiences and abnormalities in behavior reported by your family members, friends and co-workers.
Bipolar Disorder can be classified by the occurrence of manic episodes followed by hypomanic or major depressive episodes. A manic episode is a distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, extensive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased goal-directed activity or energy, lasting at least 1 week and present most of the day, nearly every day. During the specific period of mood disturbance and increased energy or activity, many symptoms are present. Some examples of these symptoms can include: -Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, and are more talkative than usual (“Bipolar and Related Disorders, “n.d.). There is a 10- 15% risk of completed suicide associated with Bipolar Disorder (“Bipolar Depression”, 2)
Bipolar disorder is also known as manic-depression disorder, may cause unusual changes in mood and behavior such as grandiosity, decreased energy, distractibility, diminished interest, insomnia, pressured speech, suicidal thoughts, and decrease in the ability to carry out day to day tasks (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; 5th Ed.; DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013). According to Jann (2014) the symptoms of bipolar disorders are severe alternating between normal ups and downs leading in damaged relationships, poor job and school performance, and even suicide among the most severe. There are four types of bipolar disorder which include bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, bipolar disorder not otherwise specified, and cyclothymic disorder Jann (2014).
According to Butcher, Hooley and Mineka, bipolar I disorder is major depression coupled with mania. Bipolar I disorder is distinguished from bipolar II disorder because manic episodes and major depression last for an extended amount of time; at least one week (Butcher, Hooley, & Mineka, 2014, p. 239). Symptoms of patients who are diagnosed with bipolar disorder include depression, anxiety, guilt and suicidal thoughts and energetic periods which include irritability, short temperedness, and erratic judgment (Butcher, Hooley, & Mineka, 2014, p. 240).
Bipolar disorder is an overwhelming mental illness that can affect one’s life drastically. Bipolar is a disorder that is characterized by recurring episode of mania and depression. Most people who suffer from bipolar disorder are often misdiagnosed, and undergo ineffective treatments, which may hinder recovery and lead to the progression of the illness. In the movie “Mr. Jones”, (1993) the main character experiences broad symptoms of bipolar disorder that lead to an improper diagnosis. The article chosen to support this paper Emotional Reactivity in Bipolar Depressed Patients ( P. Stratta, D. Tempesta, R. L. Bonanni, S. de Cataldo, and A. Rossi Journal of Clinical Psychology 2014), broadly debates that bipolar disorder has
Within his lifetime, George has experienced multiple manic and depressive episodes consistent with bipolar I disorder. This diagnosis is possible because George has suffered from at least one manic episode; George has also experienced depressive episodes, which are common, but not required, occurrences in the disorder. The case study describes three different bipolar episodes and indicates that more have occurred. First, George experienced a depressive episode