Premise 2 focuses on Patricia Churchland’s philosophy on case based reasoning regarding making social decisions about what ought to be done. Decisions an individual may face can derive from a varying number of social scenarios. It can be about what the individual ought to do for themselves, what their loved ones ought to do, or even what their community and nation should do when faced with a choice. Patricia Churchland believes that the best way a rational being makes these decisions is through case based reasoning. Case based reasoning involves relying on memories and experiences to evaluate a setting and make a sensible decision as to what to do. By using case based reasoning, people can know when to best use traits such as kindness or …show more content…
I believe Churchland does not think of key factors such as how ones experiences may be the quite opposite of their peers due to numerous aspects. Given the number of people on the planet who live in communities with very different cultures and ways of living, people are bound to have very differentiating experiences from one another. This results in them also having different ways of reasoning and making decisions. An individual may have experiences that they are completely unfamiliar with, so it is a struggle to use case based reasoning to solve the issue because they cannot rely on prior knowledge. In a horrible scenario, if a mother is being forced to pick between which of her two children she can save, then it is a challenge to use case based reasoning to make this decision. If she has never experienced anything close to having to choose between her children, which many people have not, then she has no way of using her prior knowledge to make the decision. Even if she has had the experience before, it would not make picking between her other two children any easier or help her come to a decision. In these cases, one must rely on some other form of reasoning. An individual’s personal experiences that help them make decisions is an influence that may cause one to not be able to use case based reasoning depending on the scenario, or have a very different way of doing so from others in the
On August 23, 1980 in Conroe, Texas, is 40 miles north of Houston, a 16-year-old girl, Cheryl Fergeson, disappeared while searching for a women’s restroom at Conroe High School (Gores, 1991). Cheryl was the manager of the Bellville High girls’ volleyball team visiting Conroe High School for a preseason scrimmage. Later that day while searching for the girl two janitors, Clarence Brandley who is black, and Henry Peace who is white, found the girl’s body hidden under some scenery flats in the loft above the auditorium stage. Cheryl has been raped and strangled to death. Clarence and Henry were interrogated and made to sign statements. The two janitors were then taken to the hospital and made to give sperm, blood, and hair samples from their head
Kristen Heather Strickland was born November 13th, 1967 in Fall River Massachusetts. She was the eldest child of her parents, Richard and Claudia Strickland. “Kristen was the oldest growing up in what seemed to be a well-adjusted home. Kristen lived her early years to preteen years without any problems, including during school and at home with family” (Jakclyn Rankin, 2013). She did well in school all the way through high school and graduated early at the age of only sixteen years old. After high school, she attended Greenville College and graduated with a nursing degree, and later received her nursing license in 1988. She married Glenn Gilbert that same year, and started her first job as a nurse at the Veterans Medical Center
The author, Katherine Ramsland, is a forensic psychologist that teaches criminal justice. The purpose of this article is to answer the question of ‘how and why’ a human could have so much anger towards another person. Anthony Meoli holds a BS in criminal justice from Penn State University, a MA in forensic psychology from Argosy University, and a JD from John Marshall Law School. He was interviewed while I was reading this article and answered questions based off of why he was launching this project. His ultimate goal was to find a link between the creative side of their brain and the ability they have to naturally compartmentalize their live. He wants to find out why they are addicted to killing and what draws them towards that need. He
A man is running late to work one day when he passes by a homeless person asking for help. This man and many others usually consider this particular man to be generous, but since he is late, he ignores the homeless person and continues on his way. One can assume that if he had the time, he would have helped. Does that matter, though, seeing as in that situation, he did not in fact help? Scenarios like this supports Lee Ross and Richard Nisbett’s idea that it is the situation that influences a person’s behavior, not he or she’s individual conscience. Although a person’s individual conscience could play a part in how one behaves in a given scenario, ultimately, the “situational variable” has more impact on the actions of the person than he or she’s morals.
In everyday experience one is likely to encounter ethical dilemmas. This paper presents one framework for working through any given dilemma. I have chosen to integrate three theories from Ruggerio Vicent, Bernard Lonergan and Robert Kegan. When making a deceison you must collabrate different views to come to a one conclusion. Ruggerio factors in different aspects that will take effect. Depending on which order of conciousness you are in by Kegan we can closely compare this with Ruggerio's theories also. As I continue I will closely describe the three theories with Kegan and how this will compare with Lonerga's theory combining the three. While Family,
...reserving the principle of autonomous decisions could be considered somewhat more plausible. Essentially the only fault being addressed is the conflicting action, as a conflict no longer occurs. Objections remain based on the inclusion of moral agents exclusively and the promoting of individual’s goals, while introducing the additional problem of self-interest that accompanies prominent autonomy. The theory remains at fault, as it cannot be adequately amended by a single change. Sally’s prescriptive moral theory “picks and choses” from other existing theories and combines them to make a hybrid theory. Doing so creates difficulties as the overlap reduces clarity and limits the strength of any individual argument. This is a challenge that cannot be overlooked; Sally’s theory fails to show structural reliability and is hence too problematic to have sound moral worth.
The mass media loves a scandal; it focuses on the most outrageous cases in order to make profit and often blows things out of proportion in order to make a better story. The media coverage of Debra Lafave’s case is a perfect example. The mass media not only hindered the court in leading a fair trial, exposing the teenager at the center of the case by publishing his photo and name in European newspapers, it also allowed the offender to receive a lighter sentence. The crime that Debra Lafave committed, having sexual intercourse with a minor, who was also one of her students, is deviant not only criminally but socially in the United States. Yet the media coverage partially helped her receive a lighter sentence because of the focus on her looks,
It has been noted from the text that our perception influences the thinking and decisions we make. It shows that choices differ because of the different understanding that individual have. In addition, our intuition is essential and at many times it provides us with guidance on how to make decisions. However, we can see that this intuition can be misleading at times and therefore the best thing is to evaluate the available evidence before making decisions. In my view decision making tends to have disciplinary across individuals. The best thing can be is to take time and individuals should not rush when it comes to making critical decisions. It is because of the outcomes that might be expected in the
We value a person's believing and deciding rationally in a way that is responsive to the net balance of reasons, and we think that is good and admirable in itself, perhaps because so deciding and believing uses our high and intricate capacities and expresses them, or perhaps because that embodies an admirable and principled integrity in guiding beliefs and actions by reasons, not by the whims or desires of the moment. (Nozick 1993: 136)
For example, imagine four close friends who attend the same college understand that drinking is an issue requiring responsible decision-making. The four friends discuss and deliberate about the rules they will follow when attending a parties where alcohol will be consumed. Through a number of meetings among the four friends, many options about what to do are discussed. The four friends develop guidelines by which they agree to apply some of the Human Nature approach guidelines merged from their deliberations that included the following: electing a driver who will refrain from drinking when their friends attend parties, requiring transportation and decisions about which parties to attend and which ones to avoid, based on the likelihood of intensity of alcohol consumption at the event. The four friends decided on a local bar close to the college that serve limited alcohol to students and they also decided to make a request of the bar owner to call a cab upon leaving the bar back to school.
Rosa Lee Cunningham is a 52-year old African American female. She is 5-foot-1-inch, 145 pounds. Rosa Lee is married however, is living separately from her husband. She has eight adult children, Bobby, Richard, Ronnie, Donna (Patty), Alvin, Eric, Donald (Ducky) and one child who name she did not disclose. She bore her eldest child at age fourteen and six different men fathered her children. At Rosa Lee’s recent hospital admission to Howard University Hospital emergency room blood test revealed she is still using heroin. Though Rosa Lee recently enrolled in a drug-treatment program it does not appear that she has any intention on ending her drug usage. When asked why she no longer uses heroin she stated she doesn’t always have the resources to support her addiction. Rosa Lee is unemployed and receiving very little in government assistance. She appears to
The case study of Kathryn Carlson and Andy Randolph was about a third grade student who was having trouble academically and behaviourally. This case study follows the life of Andy, the third grade student, and Kathryn, a special needs educator, as they decide whether or not Andy should receive his IEP in the fourth grade.
In this theory, decisions are based on thoughts, which are believed as correct in any circumstance. (Kamm, 2006) The decisions process with this method can be timely to reach because things are cut and dry. Certain ethical codes that are universal and not to be broken.
We have our own moral codes but our decisions are solely based on the impact of our perspective on the people’s welfare and happiness. Although it is in our perspective as utilitarian to decide what actions to make, the theory of utilitarianism has strengths and weaknesses.
Adversity can come in a number of shapes or forms and each requires a different action in order to defeat it. When facing adversity it is important to have support and encouragement and the ability to make the correct decisions. Social context has a massive impact on these three items and thus had a massive impact on the ability of one to triumph in an adverse situation. Cauron and Hancock use different social contexts, isolation and society, in the presence of adversity to demonstrate the impact on decision making and provided support or encouragement.