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Social contract theory for dummies
Social contract theory for dummies
Social contract theory for dummies
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After reading the case and understanding the dilemma that is being faced at hand, there is no reason why Brenda should make this one-time request. Even though her boss is asking her to go back and turn the other cheek and act as if there wasn’t any winnings involved that would be wrong. As an accountant she has to do the ethical thing and report what is needed and do what is right. Brenda needs to think about the possible outcomes that she could face if she does or does not do what is asked of her. She also needs to think of ways to handle this situation. As an accountant she made a promise to do what is right and obey the rules. She also knows that there shouldn’t be any exceptions made for anyone. When Brenda goes back to her office to …show more content…
If Brenda was under the influence of stage 3 “Fairness to Others” she would report the winnings because it’s only fair to everyone and no one should be given special treatment because of status. If she is under the influence of stage 4 “Law and Order” she would follow the law and put the winnings on the Tax return. Looking at level 3 which is postconventional the last two stages fall under there. If Brenda was influences by stage 5 “Social Contract” it’s hard to say what she would do because she would need to see how her decisions affects everyone else. If she was influenced by stage 6 “Universal Ethical Principles” she would do what was right. Also the Four-Component model of ethical decision making can play a key role on what Brenda decides to do before she meets with her boss. There is moral sensitivity, moral judgement, moral motivation, and moral character. These components will explain the individual’s behavior or actions based on her level of moral development.
Brenda has two options that she can do, one is to do as the boss says and she doesn’t report the winning. The second option is that she does report the winnings and tells her boss that it’s the right thing to
Mr. Summer states, “Now I’ll read the names- heads of families first- and the men come up and take a paper out of the box. Keep the paper folded in your hand without looking at it until everyone has a turn. Everything clear (568)?” Given that today’s lottery winners receive money, a reader might assume winning in this short story would be a good thing. The men held the slips over papers nervously in their hands. After a long, breathless pause, Mr. Summers says, “All right, fellows (568).” The head of the family opens the slip of paper and the terrible fate awaits the winner. The winner was the Hutchinson family. Tessie Hutchinson instantly states, “I think we ought to start over… I tell you it wasn’t fair. You didn’t give him enough time to choose. Everybody saw that (571).” The reader may still not understand what the prize is or may be confused on why each family member now needs to draw a slip of paper from the old black
On a beautiful summer day, villagers begin filing into the town square to hold a lottery. This lottery though is not your typical lottery; instead of the winner receiving a large sum of money, this “winner” is stoned to death as a sacrifice for a bountiful harvest. In “The Lottery” by Shirley Jackson, one of the villagers, Tessie Hutchinson, immediately stands out when she arrives late and admits that she had forgotten what day it was. This breach in conduct seems inappropriate and even unforgivable to the other inhabitants of the town; everyone comes to the lottery, and everyone comes on time. Already marked as one who is not entirely part of the group, Tessie’s actions during the lottery display her eagerness, desperation, and
In today’s society we perceive the lottery as being a great fortune brought down upon you by Lady Luck. It is a serendipitous event, even if the person has done nothing to earn it. One would never see the lottery as an unfortunate occasion that occurred in your life because it is supposed to bring prosperity into your life. Also, one would not dare to think that winning the lottery would bring such repercussions as injury or death. In the short story “The Lottery” by Shirley Jackson, the author could have used Mrs. Tessie Hutchinson as the town’s scapegoat due to their reluctance to change traditions, her horrible work ethic, and minority status as a woman.
One of the most controversial short stories in its history is “The Lottery”, written by Shirley Jackson. The Lottery takes place in a sunny, beautiful day in an unnamed town. All of the villagers are gathering around to collect there slips of paper in order to see who won the Lottery. At the end it turns out that the prize for the winner is getting stoned to death. Shirley Jackson was known to make her stories have an unexpected turn of events. After all she was a very mysteries person whom many people believed that she fooled around with witchcraft. Other than that she was just another typical shy human being with amazing writing skills. For instance, she was able to come up with the idea of “The Lottery” as she was walking home pregnant,
582). Ethical decision making is defined as “The process of choosing between actions based on a system of beliefs and values” (Black, 2014, p. 347). The nurse handling the ethical problem must first identify that there is in fact a problem. The second step is to acquire all of the required information related to the current situation. The third step is to come up with multiple choices and options to solve the ethical problem. The fourth step is to actually pick one of the choices utilizing sound ethical judgement. The fifth step would be to enact the made decision. The final step in the process is to reassess your decision and look for effectiveness and
Shirley Jackson wrote many books in her life, but she was well known by people for her story “The Lottery” (Hicks). “The Lottery” was published on June 28, 1948, in the New Yorker magazine (Schilb). The story sets in the morning of June 27th in a small town. The townspeople gather in the square to conduct their annual tradition, the Lottery. The winner of the lottery will stoned to death by the society. Although there is no main character in the story, the story develops within other important elements. There are some important elements of the story that develop the theme of the story: narrator and its point of view, symbolism, and main conflict. The story “The Lottery,” by Shirley Jackson, argues practicing a tradition without understanding the meaning of the practice is meaningless and dangerous.
As soon as all the families had drawn, no one moved. Everyone just stood still waiting to see who got picked to be in the final drawing. "Then the voices began to say, `It's Hutchinson. It's Bill,' `Bill Hutchinson got it (The Lottery, pg. 5)." From a readers point of view this would be the greatest thing that could have ever happened to them, but not in this case. Moving forward in the story, Mrs. Hutchinson is found yelling, "It wasn't fair!" and "You didn't give him time to choose any paper he wanted (The Lottery, pg. 5)." People in the crowd were telling her to "be a good sport. All of us took the same chance (The Lottery, pg. 5)." Mrs. Hutchinson did not like the responses at all. She even demanded that her married daughter draw in the final round with them. This was only to lessen her chances of getting picked in the end.
In an agriculture-dominant village, the lottery is practiced as the annual tradition. The “fortunate” lottery winner will be stoned to death by the town after a few rounds of drawing lots. Such flabbergasted ritual is seen as a norm in that village and the villagers even feel excited over this cruel occasion due to the mob psychology of people. The villagers abandon their rationale in demonstrating violence towards the innocent “winner”. When Tessie draws the winner piece, everyone in the village straight up turns on her with stones and pebbles including Mrs. Delacroix, her
The method of ethical decision making which was developed by Dr. Cathryn A. Baird presented two components contained in all ethical decisions which are; The Four ethical Lenses and the 4+1 Decision process. The Four Ethical Lenses issue claims that different ethical theories and the means in which we tend to approach the situations which form part of our ethical traditions are looked at in four different perspectives. From each perspective there are different values on which to decide whether the action taken is either ethical or not and each lens also lays emphasis on determining whether the decision made is of ethical requirement. In the 4+1 Decision Process, people who are responsible for making final decisions in an organization do it using four specific decision making steps and eventually will end up with one extra decision which gives a chance to reflect. The 4+1 decision process allows the decision makers to give solutions when faced with complicated ethical issues (John Muir Institute for Environmental Studies, 2000).
In Shirley Jackson’s “The Lottery,” the theme of the story is dramatically illustrated by Jackson’s unique tone. Once a year the villagers gather together in the central square for the lottery. The villagers await the arrival of Mr. Summers and the black box. Within the black box are folded slips of paper, one piece having a black dot on it. All the villagers then draw a piece of paper out of the box. Whoever gets the paper with the black dot wins. Tessie Hutchinson wins the lottery! Everyone then closes in on her and stones her to death. Tessie Hutchinson believes it is not fair because she was picked. The villagers do not know why the lottery continues to exist. All they know is that it is a tradition they are not willing to abandon. In “The Lottery,” Jackson portrays three main themes including tradition, treason, and violence.
Morales-Sánchez, Rafael, and Carmen Cabello-Medina. "The Role Of Four Universal Moral Competencies In Ethical Decision-Making." Journal Of Business Ethics 116.4 (2013): 717-734. Business Source Complete. Web. 8 Apr. 2014.
The characters in Shirley Jackson’s “The Lottery” are distinguished from each other through their names and actions. Every character in this story is given a name and none are left unnamed. All the characters brought up in this story are spoken about specifically considering their behavior. Mr. Summers is in charge of the Lottery, and other characters stand off from the action of the lottery, or they only help based upon necessity, not desire. Some other towns have been speaking about quitting the lottery; Old Man Warner speaks passionately against it. The central character of the story is Tessie Hutchinson. Not only is she late to the lottery, the other villagers make a big deal about this and move away from her as she goes to look for
Immediately, the women of “The Lottery” seem to be a friendly group who stick by one another’s sides. However, as the plot uncovers, the reader discovers that each woman would easily choose tradition over friendship. The traits of the women include endorsement of the “dominant culture” (Hattenhauer, 45), value of tradition, and belief in fairness. As the lottery transpires, the women advise Tess to “be a good sport” (Jackson, 140) because they all “took the same chance” (Jackson, 140). This simple encounter provides evidence that the women of “The Lottery” would undoubtedly lose a friendship to preserve the morals of tradition. When Tess finally reveals the paper with the mark on it, Mr. Summers is quick to begin the final step in the Lottery. The women oblige, and are even quicker to grab a stone from the children’s pile. One woman even orders another to “hurry up” (Jackson, 141) before picking up a “stone so large” (Jackson, 141) it required the use of both hands. “The Lottery” ends with the town’s people stoning Tess to death. Among the killers are the women that Tess once called friends.
Shirley Jackson was a criticized female writer that wrote about US’s scramble for conformity and finding comfort in the past or old traditions. When Jackson published this specific short story, she got very negative feedback and even death threats. In the fictionial short story, The Lottery, by Shirley Jackson, a drawing takes place during the summer annually in a small town in New England. In this particular work, the lottery has been a tradition for over seventy years and has been celebrated by the townspeople every year. In detail, Richard H. Williams explains in his “A Critique of the Sampling Plan Used in Shirley Jackson’s “The Lottery””, he explains the process of how the lottery works. “The sampling plan consists of two
In the case of Joelle, this study will significantly identify the different ethical principles that can be applied in the case. In addition to it, the study will also arrive in one ethical theory that Joelle can be applied in her situation in order for her to effectively determine what she will do and if her decision and action can be considered ethical or the right thing.