“Necessity, who is the mother of invention” (Plato), but profit doesn’t hurt either! Until the First Industrial Revolution manual labor was the way of the world. The great societies of the world like the Greeks and the Romans built their empires with their hands. With the inventions during 1780-1850, machinery and innovation gave way to less manual labor. Marketing was born during this time because these new inventions needed to be sold to the public. Capitalism thrived with these inventions and mechanization was on the rise. The definition of capitalism is an economic theory focused on the free market. This meant no government intrusion or restrictions. It also meant businesses were free to operate as they saw fit. This type of capitalism was known as Lassiz-Faire which in the French language means “let do”. Businesses and business owners were free to operate under substandard conditions; this also doomed the laborer who would work under these substandard conditions. Usually children and unskilled persons worked for little wages in the factories. The children were used because of their small stature, to reach places the adult could not. With little wages the employees lived in substandard housing. Overcrowding and pollution became a problem. Sometimes 2 or more families lived in a single apartment. With no plumbing they dumped waste in the street. The poor living conditions and poor sanitation many diseases began to occur. The living conditions of the public, and the poor working conditions were seen by some as deplorable, something had to change. The mass immigration of people from farms and from foreign countries was known as urbanization. Consequences of urbanization were stated above. With new industry setting off, w...
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...rent ideas of economic systems. Just looking back at the inventions and social changes of the last twenty years of the world’s history, there is no doubt that more social changes, more new ideas, more new inventions and, who knows, maybe even a new economic system for the world is just around the corner.
References
http://voices.yahoo.com/creation-capitalism-communism-during-industrial-8879931.html
http://americanhistory.about.com/library/charts/blchartindrev.htm
http://inventors.about.com/od/indrevolution/
http://www.greaterthings.com/Books/Vision/Temporal/Ch-6_Past_2nd-Gath/Communism_birth.htm
http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1285981/posts
Chapter II. Proletarians and Communists
http://marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1848/communist-manifesto/ch02.htm
Marx & Engels 1848, Chapter One. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Communist_Manifesto
While the growth of the urban population led to new technological and industrial developments, it also produced penury, congestion, pollution, fatal disease, and tremendous fires. One of the most important problems that arose from this growth, however, was the absence of a legitimate urban government. Political, or urban, machines filled this void, and through patronage and graft secured votes from as many people as possible for their respective parties4. Immigrants were usually the easiest targets because they frequently did not speak much English, but more im...
middle of paper ... ... Rather than an artisan tied to the traditions of a particular trade, the birth of capitalism liberated the goals and means of work. Capitalism allowed individuals to own and manage their own business and reflected the secular mind frame derived from the Renaissance Era.
Industrialization provided many benefits for the nation but however, it also created serious problems that required action by the government. Most of the factories owners treated their employees unfairly and unequal. They made them work large amount of hours for underpaid wages. Most of the people even children, worked 16 hours for 25 cents a day. Their employees had to deal with unsafe machines that sometimes were extremely dangerous. If they got injured they didn’t have any financial aid or any kind of compensation that helps them to get better. Instead they were kicked out from their job. If a machine caught fire, they didn’t have safety measures such as fire drills or emergency exits that make the exit of the building such an easy task. Most of food factories, didn’t force their employees to wear gloves, masks and hair nets while they were working and manipulating the products. This lack of hygiene measures brought a large amount of diseases that easily spread out around the country through the food these factories sold. Sometimes costumers could find hair or even eat meat where someone had sneezed on it. Because of the excess of power that monopolies had believed they could treat their employees however they wanted. To achieve better hours, better wages, and better working conditions the government passed several laws th...
A Comparison of Communism versus Capitalism Communism versus Capitalism is a debate that has raged on for over two centuries. Whether to allow everyone equal opportunities and to do with those opportunities as they please or to mandate class equality in order to keep peace has in itself been the cause of war. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels saw the working class of the world—the proletariat—being squashed by the greedy business owners—the bourgeoisie. In their view, the bourgeoisie owned too much and the proletariat had no chance to make their own fortunes. In Marx and Engels Communist Manifesto, they propose doing away with private property, nationality, and even countries in order to take power away from the bourgeoisie.
Capitalism, is among one of the most important concepts and mainframe of this application paper. According to the 2009 film “Capitalism a Love Story,” capitalism is considered as taking and giving, but mostly taking. Capitalism can also be defined as a mode of production that produces profit for the owners (Dillon, 72). It is based on, and ultimately measured by the inequality and competition between the capitalist owners and the wage workers. A major facet of capitalism is constantly making and designing new things then selling afterwards (Dillon, 34).Capitalism has emerged as far back as the middle ages but had fully flowered around the time o...
Biernacki, Richard, and Ellen Meiksins Wood. “The Origin of Capitalism.” Contemporary Sociology 2000 : 638. Print.
competing individuals, and instead institute a system as whole, that is for the common account, according to a common plan, and with the participation of all members of the society. It will. abolish competition. Private property must therefore be abolished.” This creates an equality in the economic system.
To begin, capitalism is the economic ideology that everything is primarily focused towards making profit through the production and distribution of a product. In the article “Capitalism: Where Do We Come From?” By Robert Heilbroner and Lester Thurow, they provide insight on how capitalism has changed over the years and the impact it now has in today’s society. “There were no factors of production before capitalism. Of course, human labour, nature’s gift of land and natural resources, and the artifacts of society have always existed. But labour, land, and capital were not commodities for sale” (Para,17). Capitalism has an impact in my life because in the 21st century children are taught in school skills that will benefit businesses, so that they can continue to make a profit through the production and distribution
Communism is an economic system where, in theory, ownership of everything (e.g. goods, industrial products, businesses, farm produce, etc.) is collectively by the Government and the payment of income is only based one’s need. In communism, individuals have little say or on say at all on what to produce, not even owning anything since ownership is only by the Government. Communism is a socio-economic structure based on classless, stateless society where the means of production are on common ownership. Therefore, communism is the idea of free society where there is no divisions, humanity is not oppressed, no need for Government or countries. A citizen earns according to their needs and gives according to their abilities to do so.
Communism was the ideology followed by the Soviet Union. Originally founded by Karl Marx, it said that everything should be owned by the government and then divided up equally among the people who would then all work for it. For the communist party in Russia, their political system was always in danger. From the start of the Russian Revolution there have been dangers to communism. Before World War II most of the western nations ignored Russia simply because it was a communist state and the western nations actually supported Hitler because they believed that Germany would provided a buffer against Communism. The permanent threat against Russia gave the incentive to expand and spread communist influence as much as possible to keep their way of life intact, it was very much Russia against the world. However not only was the Soviet Union communist, they were totalitarian, meaning all the power was with the rulers. While this was effective for keeping the standard average of living the same for everyone and preventing poverty, it also led to a poor work ethic among the working population...
The latter part of the nineteenth century was teeming with evolved social and economical ideas. These views of the social structure of urban society came about through the development of ideals taken from past revolutions and the present clash of individuals and organized assemblies. As the Industrial Revolution steamed ahead paving the way for growing commerce, so did the widening gap between the class structure which so predominantly grasped the populace and their rights within the community. The development of a capitalist society was a very favorable goal in the eyes of the bourgeoisie. Using advancing methods of production within a system of free trade, the ruling middle class were strategically able to earn a substantial surplus of funds and maintain their present class of life. Thus, with the advancement of industry and the bourgeoisie's gain of wealth, a counter-action was undoubtably taking place. The resultant was the degradation of the working-class, of the proletarians whom provided labour to a middle-class only to be exploited in doing so. Exploitation is a quarrel between social groups that has been around since the dawn of mankind itself. The persecution of one class by another has historically allowed the advancement of mankind to continue. These clashes, whether ending with positive or negative results, allow Man to evolve as a species, defining Himself within the social structure of nature. Man's rivalry amongst one another allows for this evolution! through the production of something which is different, not necessarily productive, but differing from the present norm and untried through previous epochs.
The economy of many nations was grounded on the putting-out system and the cottage-industry, prior the arrival of the Industrial Revolution. Nevertheless following the 17th century, the innovation of the steam engine revolutionized the energy possibility of man. Europe’s cities experienced an upsurge of growth due to this machine. In addition, laissez-fare capitalism was introduced and started to be implemented by numerous governments. As a response of this technical progression and economic revolution, particular altercations occurred fundamentally, and played a negative effect on the criteria of life for the urban and rural working classes. The negative effects caused by these fundamental changes on both working classes played out economically, socially, as well as on the workplace conditions.
...ee scope to his own natural and acquired powers” (414). Consequently, even though machines do dominate over the wage labour by allowing him to be exploited, they also lead to the development of social wealth. Additionally, modern industry revolutionizes the family and social structures. Machines allow for all members of the family and of all ages to participate in the workforce. This change leads to an equalization in the sexes and to and independence of the youth from their parents. Machines open up the work market for “individuals of both sexes and all ages” which “under suitable conditions become source of human development” (415). The process of capitalism, therefore, will produce individuals who are able to adapt to different situations, who have a wide range of skill, and who will add to the growth of human experience through the revolution of social wealth.
There is a long-running debate about whether communism or capitalism is preferable and shows more of beneficial aspects. Capitalism is defined as an economic system in which investment in and ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange of wealth is made and maintained chiefly by private individuals or corporations. While communism is a system of social organization in which all economic and social activity is controlled by the state. The principle of capitalism is if one is successful and hardworking will keep improve and progress in life. While the principle of communism is to keep all the people the same, a lot of people may say that this is a good thing but when talking about real life this would add laziness and demotivation because hardworking people would gain the same credit as lazy people. Capitalism and communism are the two main economic systems that are used by governments nowadays. Obviously capitalism is a much better economic system to be used by a state; practical uses and statistical facts qualify capitalism as much more successful. Also, capitalism is more beneficial to the state, common citizens, and business owners. It would be very useful to test the two systems according to practical uses of the two systems on states and monitor which states succeeded and which states failed.
Urbanization is the movement from a rural society to an urban society, and involves a growth in the number of people in urban areas. Urban growth is increasing in both the developed but mostly in the developing countries. Urbanization is associated with the problems of unemployment, poverty, bad health, poor cleanliness, urban slums environmental deprivation. This causes a very big problem for these developing countries and who are some of poorest countries. Africa urbanization is not as big as most developing countries but is on the rise for it outbursts in city growth lately. (Saundry, 2008).