Outline:
1) Introduction
2) BASIC ISSUES AND MODELS
A…. Alcohol Involvement over the Life Span: A Developmental Perspective on Etiology and Course.
B…. Neuropsychological Effects of Substance Abuse.
C…. The Disease Model of Addiction.
D…. Alternative Theories of Substance Abuse Implications for Understanding Substance Abuse and Dependence in College Students.
3) POLICIES, PROGRAMMING, AND PREVENTION
A…. Policy Development: An Essential Element in Addressing Campus Substance Abuse Issues.
B…. From Reactive to Proactive Prevention: Promoting Ecology of Health on Campus.
C…. Prohibition and Freshman Residence Halls: A Study of the Enforcement of University Alcohol Policy.
4) ASSESSMENT INTERVENTION, AND TREATMENT
A)…. Assessing Alcohol Problems in Student Populations.
B)…. Intervening with Substance Abusing College Students.
C)…. Treatment of Substance Abuse Problems.
D)…. The Role of Self-Help Groups in College Students' Recovery from Substance Abuse and Related Problems.
5) CONCLUSION
6) REFERENCES
The abuse of alcohol and other drugs remains the number one public health problem for colleges and universities across the United States. Alcohol misuse poses a serious threat to the intellectual, psychological and physical development of traditional-age undergraduate college students. College students who engage in alcohol and other drug use have been shown to experience significantly higher rates of motor vehicle fatalities, unsafe sex, and emergency care visits, sexual assaults and poor academic performance.
BASIC ISSUES AND MODELS
The developmental perspective is concerned with understanding the growth,
maturation, and decline of the individual organism, from conception, through birth, and
through all stages of the life cycle. Alcohol is a substance that is used for pleasure,
celebration, relief, and even sometimes for escape. A truly developmental approach to
understanding these patterns of use would require us to make inferences about the
discovery and early consumption of this ubiquitous substance, far back in prehistoric
time. Somewhere in that prehistory, humankind decided to put energy into figuring out
how to manufacture ethanol, and we have been doing so ever since. Out of consideration
of space, however, this researcher will skip what we know of earlier epo...
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model and developing alternative theories. One clear advantage of the empirically driven
alternative models is that they offer substantially greater flexibility in understanding and
treating substance use problems. Initial evaluations of the effectiveness of treatment
interventions that have emerged from these new models is encouraging. Additional study
of substance use disorders must now continue, so that further refinements in
professionals' manner of dealing with these pervasive problems can be realized. It is
hoped that the end result will be more effective treatment interventions for the many
young adults who experience substance use problems.
REFERENCES
Amercian College Health Association. (2007). Statement on colledge alcohol and drug abuse. Journal of American College Health. 36.64
American Psychological Association.(2008). Publicatons Manual pf the American Psychological Association. Washington D. C.
Babor T., Koner P., Wilber C., & Good S. (2007). Drug and Alcohol Review, 6 325-329
Cahalan D. (2008) Understanding America’s drinking problem. San Francisco: JosseyBass
Kasl C. D. (1990) the twelve-step controversy Ms. 30-31
Although high-risk drinkers are a minority in all ethnic groups, their behavior is far from a harmless “rite of passage.” In fact, drinking has pervasive consequences that compel our attention. The most serious consequence of high-risk college drinking is death. The U.S. Department of Education has evidence that at least 84 college students have died since 1996 because of alcohol poisoning or related injury—and they believe the actual total is higher because of incomplete reporting. When alcohol-related traffic crashes and off-campus injuries are taken into consideration, it is estimated that over 1,400 college students die each year from alcohol-related unintentional injuries. Additionally, over 500,000 full-time students sustain nonfatal unintentional injuries, and 600,000 are hit or assaulted by another student who has been drinking. Administrators are well aware of the burden alcohol presents to the campus environment. In addition, the 1997, 1999, and 2001 Harvard surveys found that the majority of students living in dorms and Greek residences, who do not drink excessively, still experience day-to-day problems as a result of other students’ misuse of alcohol. The prevalence of these “secondhand effects” varies across ...
The National insitute on Alcohol and alcoholism. (2012, December). Retrieved November 20, 2013, from http://www.drugabuse.gov/drug-abuse
Many temptations are faced in college culture and one of them is underage drinking and driving. Underage drinking and driving has essentially become an epidemic, rapidly developing among today’s youth. College culture has come to encourage drinking and driving through the places and people that surround the students (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, October 2002). Some people don’t see underage drinking as an issue, when in fact it is a huge issue that every teenager will face. Since underage drinking is illegal people want to rebel by drinking; additionally, alcohol is really easy to get ahold of in college. Since many students are going to drink, the first line of defense is to educate students about the effects of alcohol and what can happen if students do drink and drive. Unless we are able to put a stop to underage drinking and driving through education, and a system called smart start the problem wont get any better.
“80 percent of teen-agers have tried alcohol, and that alcohol was a contributing factor in the top three causes of death among teens: accidents, homicide and suicide” (Underage, CNN.com pg 3). Students may use drinking as a form of socializing, but is it really as good as it seems? The tradition of drinking has developed into a kind of “culture” fixed in every level of the college student environment. Customs handed down through generations of college drinkers reinforce students' expectation that alcohol is a necessary ingredient for social success. These perceptions of drinking are the going to ruin the lives of the students because it will lead to the development alcoholism. College students who drink a lot, while in a college environment, will damage themselves mentally, physically, and socially later in life, because alcohol adversely affects the brain, the liver, and the drinkers behavior.
There are many contributing factors and political issues that address substance abuse. Throughout the years, many researchers have designed many interventions and social policies designed to treat people who have used, abused, and became addicted to substances. Today, there are many new studies that address substance abuse at the individual, group, family, and community or policy levels. Today, there are many services that are effective for decreasing recidivism in youth who have completed a substance abuse program. A substance abuse treatment program or center is the best way to treat individuals who have abused substances.
Not only in the US, Many countries around the world have the same problem in college campuses. Like many European countries, college drinking has been developed into kind of traditional culture in the US and she has been facing the change of the culture of drinking at colleges. However, other than the damage and injuries that happen during semester break each year, the only consequences of college drinking that usually come to the public's attention are occasional student deaths from alcohol overuse, such as alcohol poisoning or other alcohol-related tragedies. (Ramaley) In fact, the consequences of college drinking are much more than occasional and normal. According to the studies, 1,825 college students who aged from 18 to24 died from alcohol-related inadvertent injuries, including car crashes, while 599,000 students are unintentionally hurt over the influence of alcohol (Hingson et al., 2009). College drinking also results in serious injuries, assaults, sexual abuse and other health and academic problems. The impacts of excessive college drinking are more widespread and destructive than most people realize. Therefore, this essay will first consider the pr...
One of the main reasons students feel the need to binge drink is peer pressure. They do this because their peers are doing it and they want to fit in better. College dorm rooms offer many different places for students to drink. Dorm rooms give a great place for a few people to get together, and before you know it “everybody’s doing it”.
The overwhelming amount of college students deaths caused by binge drinking has increased greatly by about 44 percent. To go along with the amount of deaths is the amount of life long injuries one may obtain from binge drinking. As David L. Marcus states, in recent newspapers, headlines are troubling. “ A 20-year-old student at Georgetown University dies in a fight after drinking. A fraternity member at the University of Michigan shoots a 19-year-old pledge with a pellet gun at a keg party. A party at Washington State University turns into a 500-student brawl.” (David L. Marcus)
Underage students drinking on college campuses has been a problem for countless years. Parents and professors look over the problem of students drinking and look at their college life in a positive way. They understand the students to be studying, making new friends, or working. Instead, an abundance of students are partying and drinking at these parties. The transformation from high school to college causes stress to the students. Therefore, instead of the students looking towards studying more, they start partying to solve their problems. Once they start partying, it gets harder for them to stop and they become depressed. Students drinking at college has become a provision for them, thinking it would help with their stress and problems rather than causing other predicaments.
According to the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA, 2013), four out of five college students drink alcohol. Alcohol consumption is not only the cause of 1,800 deaths, 599,000 injuries, 696,000 physical assaults, and 97,000 sexual assaults of 18-24 year olds but it can also be the link to disordered eating habits such as overeating, purging, or not eating at all (Giles, Champion, Sutfin, McCoy & Wagoner, 2009; NIAAA, 2013). Nearly 80% of college students report drinking alcohol and half have claimed binge drinking in the past two weeks (NIAAA, 2013). Binge drinking can give drinkers an increased chance of becoming vulnerable to 54 different types of injuries and diseases. It is possible for students who drink to eventually develop an alcohol-related health problem that can affect the liver, heart, and stomach (Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2012).
A growing number of students on college campuses are taking their life in their own hands each time they consume large quantities of alcohol in a short period of time. This popular method of drinking, called binge drinking, is a social stigma passed down from past generations. Students consider binge drinking a recreational way of life that is reninforced with alcoholic berverage "hangouts" located near college campuses. The fraternity and sorority houses are known for their wild parties. The peer-pressured initiations of thise elite groups of students are binge drinking oriented. Students do not realize the fun they perceive to have during these binge drinking bashes lead to alcohol dependency, serious health problems and ultimately death. For these reasons, college campuses should work towards an lcohol-free campus.
In recent studies by U.S News and World Report, college campuses are turning off the tap. In other words banning alcohol entirely. One of the reasons for the banning of alcohol on campus is due to the outstanding reports of alcohol related incidents that have taken the lives of students. September of 97’, Scott Krueger, and eighteen-year-old freshman at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, died from alcohol poisoning while at a Phi Gamma Delta initiation event.(Reisberg, 1) The lack of action taken by MIT caused the students’ parents to sue them for their irresponsibility.(Reisberg, 2) Another accident that occurred due to alcohol was to a twenty-year-old Louisiana State University student named Benjamin Wynne. Wynne had apparen...
One of the biggest problems with educational institutions in the United States is alcohol abuse among college students. College students across the United States including Georgia Southern University end up missing class, having unprotected sex, damaging property, and getting injured as a result of abusing alcohol. Also the health risks involved with binge or excessive drinking is very prevalent and risky for any college student who chooses to abuse alcohol. Besides alcohol poisoning, there are many cancers and diseases associated with alcohol abuse that ultimately lead to death. Liver cancer, breast cancer, and skin cancer can all be associated with alcohol abuse (Drinking: A Students Guide, 2001). Also heart and liver disease can be associated with alcohol abuse (Drinking: A Students Guide, 2001). Ultimately the over all wellness among Colleges and Universities in the United States drops dramatically when alcohol is abused. The abuse of alcohol among college students has a direct co...
Lowinson, Joyce H. ., Pedro Ruiz, and Robert B. . Millman. Substance Abuse: a Comprehensive
College, a place once populated by contemplative students, has experienced an unexpected twist over the past few years: 1,825 deaths, 599,000 injuries, 696,000 assaults, and 97,000 cases of sexual abuse (College Drinking ). These are such drastic numbers, but there is only one reason for all these corrupted acts of society: alcohol. Abusing the privileges of alcohol corrupts students’ mind, intellectually and socially.