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importance of exercise and healthy eating
importance of exercise and healthy eating
importance of healthy eating and exercise
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CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
Definition of Calorie
According to Ayoob( 2009), a calorie can be defined as a unit of heat energy that human body use as energy to produce heat. This energy fuels human body for strength in daily activity. In scientific term, there are two types of calories which small calorie and large calorie (Nordqvist, 2013).
A small calorie(symbol:cal) - 1cal is the amount of energy to required to raise one gram of water by one degree Celcius.
A large calorie(symbol:Cal,kcal) – 1Cal is the amount of energy required to raise one kilogram of water by one degree Celcius.
1 large calorie(1kcal) = 1000 small calories.
Calories can be found in fat, carbohydrate and protein. The main source of calorie comes from daily food intake. Too much calorie intake can lead to weight gain and too less calorie intake lead to weight loss. Therefore, in order to maintain body weight, consume calorie as only as much as body needed. (Jensen, 2001) . The body breaks down food molecules to release the energy stored within them. This energy is needed for vital functions like movement, thought, and growth -- anything that requires the use of energy. The body stores energy it does not need in the form of fat cells for future use.
Calorie Burning Factors
There are several factors that affect the calorie burning during walking phase which are grade of the walking surface, your weight, height, age, distance walking, step length, and speed. (Travis, 2013)
Elevation of surface – More calories are burned as the incline surface of the walking surface increase and less calories are burned as the decline of walking surface increase.
Weight – A bigger body weight exerts more effort and expends more energy running the...
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...determine how many calories you should be eating to maintain or lose weight. Retrieved 3 24, 2014, from www.coachme2health.com : http://www.schools.utah.gov/cte/documents/facs/conference/S12/FN_Jensen_CalculatingCalories.pdf
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Taylor, L. L. (2009). Basal Metabolic Rate . Retrieved from ShapeFit: http://www.shapefit.com/basal-metabolic-rate.html
Travis, C. ( 2013, July 22). Factors Affecting the Calories You Burn when Running. Retrieved from http://voices.yahoo.com/factors-affecting-calories-burn-running-12236202.html
"Calories in Marshmallows | Nutrition, Carbohydrate and Calorie Counter." Calories in Marshmallows | Nutrition, Carbohydrate and Calorie Counter. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Jan. 2017
WebMD LLC. (2012, October 13). Weight Loss & Diet Plans. Retrieved Feburary 5, 2014, from WebMD: http://www.webmd.com/diet/guide/the-truth-about-fad-diets
The purpose of the lab is to understand how to calculate the calorimeter constant by using a calorimeter. This allows us to analyze the heat reaction of different substances. Calorimetry is a word that comes from both Latin and Greek. The prefix “Calor” in Latin signifies heat and the suffix “metry” in Greek means measuring. Therefore the word itself translates to measuring heat. Joseph Black, was the first scientist to recognize the difference between heat and temperature. Energy is always present in chemical and physical changes. The change of energy that occurs when there is a chemical change at constant pressure is called enthalpy. Enthalpy changes , as well as physical and chemical changes, can be measured by a calorimeter. The energy that is released or absorbed by the reaction can be either absorbed or released by the insulating walls of the instrument.
It doesn’t sound very important. After all, both molecules have the exact same amount of energy, and a calorie is a calorie. This small difference is important because it means that the two molecules do not behave the same way in the body.
Heart Failure Symptoms WebMD Reviewed by Thomas M. Maddox, MD on May 28, 2012 http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/heart-failure/heart-failure-symptoms
Nordqvist, C. (2013, November 20). What is Weight Watchers? What are the benefits of Weight Watchers? ADDENDUM TABLE 2 TO WEIGHT WATCHERS DIET. Retrieved from Medical News Today: http://www.medicalnewstoday.com
[How many people died in world war 2?]. (2010). Retrieved 2014, from World War 2 website: http://worldwar2.org.uk/how-many-people-died-in-world-war-2
In chapter 6 of Without The Hot Air, what is being discussed is how much energy is consumed in terms of food or drinks. For example: a tennis player has taken 1.00 kg of water that has been evaporated through perspiration and done 1.00 x 10^6 J of work in a game. Applying knowledge learnt from PHYS 151, I can determine the internal energy change of the player and the minimum nutrition calories needed to restore his energy level. The first law of thermodynamics states that total energy of an isolated system is constant; energy can be transformed from one form to another, but it can neither be created or destroyed. For the example, this means that the change of internal energy of the player is equal to the heat transferred to the system less
"Registered Nurse Benefits - What is a Registered Nurse." What is a Registered Nurse - What is a Registered Nurse. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 May 2014.
It takes 10 calories (usually carbohydrate-based, and from the basal metabolism)to burn off 100 calories of food and drinks. The more calories you consume, the more calories you need to burn
"Healthy Weight - It's Not a Diet, It's a Lifestyle!" Healthy Weight: Assessing Your Weight: BMI: Child and Teen Calculator. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, n.d. Web. 27 Oct. 2013.
...ensity and Energy Costs." The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 79.1 (2004): 6-16. Web. 22 Oct. 2013.
"What Is Binge Eating Disorder? What Causes Binge Eating Disorder?" Medical News Today. MediLexicon International, n.d. Web. 17 Dec. 2013.
This is expressed as Δ +ve (delta positive). If the total energy put in is less than the energy created, then the substance warms up (it is exothermic). This is expressed as Δ -ve (delta negative). I will investigate eight different alcohols using an alcohol or spirit burner, to measure the energy change during burning by measuring the change in temperature of some water held in a container.
The energy density of a food is determined by its composition. In lower density foods there is a lot of water. Water lowers the density of a food because the energy density of water is 0kcal/g. This means that the water will contribute towards the weight, but it will not alter the food. Another nutrient that has low energy density is fibre. This has a energy density of around 1.5-2.5 kcal/g so this means that fibre will help to lower the energy density. Carbohydrates and proteins are around 4kcal/g meaning that they are quite dense. Providing more than double of carbohydrates and proteins is fat. Fat is around 9kcal/g and it is the most dense nutrient in food increasing energy density of foods greatly.