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Papers on caffeine
Papers on caffeine
Review of related literature about caffeine
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Recommended: Papers on caffeine
Caffeine
Caffeine is the most-widely consumed psychoactive
substance by human beings throughout the world (Reid, 2005).
This report will detail its natural origins, chemical
structure (as well as those of similar substances), and the
methods and dosages in which it is rendered into its usable
form. Additionally, this report will detail caffeine's various
biological pathways within the human body, including access to
the brain and various neurotransmitter pathways.
Caffeine is a chemical that occurs naturally in over 100
plant species throughout the world (Steffen, 2000). Perhaps
the most widely recognized of these plants is the coffee tree,
whose small seed (commonly referred to as a "bean") is roasted
and then crushed into a fine powder (Weinberg and Bealer,
2001). Caffeine also occurs naturally in cocoa beans, tea
leaves, kola nuts, and gurana seeds, and mate. Some of these
plants, such as tea, actually bear a distinct, but similar
chemical to caffeine (i.e. theophylline); these chemicals will
be discussed further in the chemistry section (Steffen, 2000).
Caffeine is chemically known by two names. The first is
1,3,7 -trimethylxanthine; the second is 3,7,-Dihydro-1,3,7-
trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione. Historically, caffeine has also
gone by the name of methyltheobromine, as well as thein
(Weinberg and Bealer, 2001). The chemical formula of caffeine
is C8 H10 N4 O2. The molecular weight for this chemical is
194.19 atomic units. Its composition is as follows: 49.5
percent carbon, 5.2 percent hydrogen, 28.9 percent nitrogen,
and 16.5 percent oxygen. Caffeine melts from a solid hexagonal
crystal at 238 degrees Celsius (Karch, 1993).
...
... middle of paper ...
... Parliament, C.Ho, and P.Schieberle
(Eds.), Caffeinated beverages: Health benefits, physiological
effects, and chemistry (p.46-53). Washington, D.C: American
Chemical Society.
Spiller, G. (1998). Basic metabolism and physiological effects
of the methylxanthines. In G. Spiller (Ed.), Caffeine (p.225-
231). New York: CRC Press.
Steffen, D.(2000). Chemistry and health benefits of
caffeinated beverages: symposium overview. In H. Parliament,
C.Ho, and P.Schieberle (Eds.), Caffeinated beverages: Health
benefits, physiological effects, and chemistry (p.2-8).
Washington, D.C: American Chemical Society.
Reid, T. (2005). Caffeine: What's the buzz? Why we love
caffeine. National Geographic, 207, 1, p.2-33.
Weinberg, B., and Bealer, B. (2001). The world of caffeine:
The science and culture of the world's most popular drug. New
York: Routledge.
The experiment was conducted in three parts: Part A of the experiment consisted of extracting caffeine from an aqueous solution; Part B consisted of using three different compounds: benzoic acid, succinic acid, and sodium benzoate; and the last part of the experiment consisted of using a solid neutral compound with an acid or base impurity.
Caffeine, a central nervous system stimulant, is the main psychoactive ingredient in energy drinks, which enhances alertness and mood, and counteracts symptoms of sleep. There is no doubt ...
By this definition, and after knowing the effects of caffeine upon the human body, I have come to the conclusion that drinking caffeine is a sign of a lack of respect for oneself, and of an unappreciative attitude toward the life that each of us has been blessed with. Furthermore, it shows of either our inability, or unwillingness to learn to think clearly.
Caffeine is a mild stimulant that occurs naturally in at least 63 plant species. Caffeine can be found in the leaves, stems, seeds, and roots of these various plants. Caffeine is part of the methylxanthine family. It consists of a xanthine molecule with three methyl groups attached to it. Caffeine can be found in many products like sodas, tea, and coffee, but it also occurs in several other products such as prescription medications, diuretics, and pain relievers. Caffeine’s widespread use and popularity have caused many people to view the substance as an addictive drug. Thus making caffeine the most inexpensive and readily available drug known to man. Then on the other hand there are people who view caffeine as a helpful stimulant that increases the individual’s concentration and awareness as well as many other physical traits. The important thing to remember is that caffeine’s affects vary based on the person, the amount ingested, the frequency of consumption, and individual metabolism. (http://www.pp.okstate.edu/ehs/kopykit/caffeine.html)
Rudolph, Frederick B., et al. (1996). Biotechnology: Science, Engineering, and Ethical Challenges for the 21st Century. Washington, D.C.: Joseph Henry P.
Depressants also called downers are a drug which slow down the central nervous system.Barbiturates, Benzodiazepines, Alcohol, Heroin, and Marijuna. Depressants cna be smoked, swallowed, and injected. Short term effects are slurred speech, drowsiness, low blood pressure, ect. Long term effects are addiction, sleep problems, death. Withdrawal symptoms are insomnia nausea and weekness. Tolerance can develop very quickly and then addiction.
Neuroscience refers to “the scientific study of the nervous system” It has been responsible for breakthroughs involving molecular, cellular, developmental, and medical aspects of human behaviors. Various organizations such as the “International society for neurochemistry” and the “European Brain and behavior Society” exist today to further the study of the nervous system and expand human understanding of medical and psychological ailments. The actual study of the nervous system dates all the way back to ancient Egypt where surgeons would drill holes into the human skull in order to alleviate a variety of aliments. The second half of the 20th century furthered the study of neuroscience via advancements in Molecular biology, and electrophysiology. These advancements are currently being used to study potential solutions to diseases such as (ALS) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, strokes, and brain trauma. This research is funded by credible organizations such as the (NIH) National Institute of Health and the “National S...
My purpose is to initiate a discussion of the ethics of implanting computer chips in the brain and to raise some initial ethical and social questions. Computer scientists predict that within the next twenty years neural interfaces will be designed that will not only increase the dynamic range of senses, but will also enhance memory and enable "cyberthink" — invisible communication with others. This technology will facilitate consistent and constant access to information when and where it is needed. The ethical evaluation in this paper focuses on issues of safely and informed consent, issues of manufacturing and scientific responsibility, anxieties about the psychological impacts of enhancing human nature, worries about possible usage in children, and most troubling, issues of privacy and autonomy. Inasmuch as this technology is fraught with perilous implications for radically changing human nature, for invasions of privacy and for governmental control of individuals, public discussion of its benefits and burdens should be initiated, and policy decisions should be made as to whether its development should be proscribed or regulated, rather than left to happenstance, experts and the vagaries of the commercial market.
Before World War II, it became very clear that the US would play a new, and important leading role in the world. Henry Luce, author of The American Century, wrote about the new roles he anticipated the US to have. His essay calls the US to action in leading the rest of the world in our ways. About a year later on May 8th, 1942, Vice President Henry Wallace proposed similar ideas in a speech. He and Luce both saw the US as leading powers but disagreed on how the leading should be done. Wallace portrays the US in a friendlier manner. He calls the upcoming era the century of the common man while Luce calls it the American century. This topic is relevant today. How much involvement should leading countries have in developing ones and how should
Coffee is much more than the hot, black liquid that millions of us drink every morning; it is a worldwide commodity that has been keeping us awake for hundreds of years. It seems that a coffee shop can be seen on every shopping center and a coffee pot in every work break room. Our lives today revolve around coffee, regardless if we drink it or not, and ironically it not only stimulates of senses but also our economy. We wouldn’t be able to imagine Bill Gates not with his cup of coffee making Microsoft in his garage, or Henry Ford waking up early to perfect the auto industry and the assembly line. The economics of coffee may not be a simple one to study, but it is one you will be kept up all night learning about.
As the vast majority of Americans are addicted to caffeine, studies show that the effects during post-consumption, can be positive or negative depending on the amount and frequency of caffeine intake. As the demand for caffeine has increased, the caffeine industry has increased its amount of marketing and establishments to help aid this demand. Caffeine addiction can lead to serious health and physiological detriments. It is evident that the primary reason for consumption of caffeinated beverages is due to positive effects, such as alertness. The media has an abundance of marketing to continue to illustrate this main effect.
Do you know what the most commonly used drug around the world is? It’s not cocaine nor marijuana, but surprisingly caffeine.
Coffee is the first thing that people associate with instant energy on a groggy morning. “In the U.S., coffee is king of beverages” (Reinke) Research has been done that has named coffee as an addiction to the people who consume large quantities of it. Coffee was named the top source of antioxidants. This is partly because of the amount consumed each day. Some of the antioxidants that coffee has are quinines and chlorogenic acid. It also contains trigonelline, an antibacterial compound. This is where coffee acquires its delicious aroma. Now let’s step back for a minute and just think about how much caffeine people consume. In an 8oz cup of coffee it has about 85 milligrams of caffeine. This is about double the amount that tea contains. Studies have shown that caffeine stimulates the brain and nervous system. This is where you get that energized feeling. After about the third cup, knees start to bounce, pens are clicking and people start running laps around the office. Caffeine can become addicting if you drink too much. Coffee can become that addictive habit people are unable to shake.
Sereshti, H. & Samadi, S. (2014). A rapid and simple determination of caffeine in teas, coffees and eight beverages. Food Chemistry, 158, 8-13.
Preview: The potential effects are related to the main ingredient in coffee – caffeine. Caffeine is a drug that stimulates the central nervous system that increases alertness and energy, but it is also very addictive.