B. Properties of vegetable oil: Biodiesel is a better fuel than diesel fuel in terms of sulphur content, flash point, and aromatic content. The fuel characteristics of biodiesel are close to diesel fuels, and therefore biodieselbecomes a strong alternative to replace the diesel fuels. The conversion of triglycerides into methyl or ethyl esters through the transesterifcation process reduces the molecular weight to one-third that of the triglyceride reduces the viscosity by a factor of about eight and increases the volatility marginally. These esters contain 10 to 11% oxygen by weight, which may improve combustion as compared to hydrocarbon based diesel fuels in an engine. The cetane number of biodiesel is around 50 which are higher than diesel. The use of tertiary fatty amines and amides can be effective in enhancing the ignition quality of the diesel fuel without having any negative effect on its cold flow properties. Since the volatility increases marginally, the starting problem persists in cold conditions. Biodiesel has lower volumetric heating values (about 12%) than diesel fuels but has a high cetane number and flash point. Some of the desirable fuel properties of biodiesel derived from different vegetable oils are presented in Table 1. Table1. Property of vegetable oil and diesel fuel Properties Diesel Mahua oil …show more content…
The performance characteristics of the engine with pure diesel a blended diesel fuel have been compared. From the results obtained, it is understood that the thermal efficiency is slightly less with biodiesel when compared with pure Diesel. This is due to addition of oxygen atoms with increase in value of blending. And specific fuel consumption is slightly higher with bio-diesel when compared with pure diesel due to the lower calorific value of the biodiesel. It is concluded that the biodiesel can be used as alternative fuel in the Diesel engine without any engine
Richard Manning Wrote the essay “The Oil We Eat – Following the Food Chain Back to Iraq” which was published in Harper’s Magazine February 2004 edition. In this essay, Manning discusses the evolution of agriculture and the consequences of it. Furthermore, Manning explores the relationship of fossil fuel, food calories and transfer of energy to illustrate earth’s prospective future. Through the use of charismatically presented factual arguments, visual powerful emotional narratives and the credibility of a few choice names, Manning creates an environment in his essay that allows flaws to escape otherwise unknown to majority reader.
Modern Agriculture has made it possible to grow an abundance of food to feed people across the world. These farms however reach efficiency through ways that effect the earth in devastating ways. Richard Manning, an environmental journalist, thoroughly addresses the many issues involved with modern agriculture in his essay, “The Oil We Eat: Following the Food Chain Back to Iraq”. Richard Pollan, a Professor of Science and Environmental Journalism, finds solutions to these problems in a place called Polyface farms that uses a traditional version of farming. Polyface reaches a different type of efficiency to meet our food production needs by handling the issues of animal treatment, fertilizer runoff, and the use of antibiotics on animals in
The inventor of diesel was Rudolf Diesel; he patented his invention in 1898. “Diesel is a petroleum based fuel with a high energy content helping diesel go further per gallon than most other alternatives”(Diesel Forum). Instead of using a spark plug inside the combustion chamber to ignite the air/fuel mixture, a diesel engine compresses it. A combustion chamber is a closed space where the explosion happens inside the engine. When people think of diesel they may think of huge 18 wheeler trucks. Big 18 wheeler trucks are made to transport goods and other materials. 18 wheeler trucks have incredible torque and miles per gallons(MPG) compared to a gasoline engine.”Diesel is more than 33% more efficient than gasoline is when it comes to your fuel mileage”(Cars Direct). Diesels have a bad reputation for being too loud and too dirty compared to other vehicles. But all of that has changed throughout the years. Diesel engines can be used in farming, mining, construction and in the movement of goods. Diesel engines are used all around people everyday. Most public transportation run on diesel engines like buses, and trains....
The ecologists are of the opinion that the racing industry is an unnecessary burden for the society, that it does not serve any purpose. But the fact is that the racing industry is just like any other industry that is driven by diesel fuels like car manufacturing and airplane development. If these two consumer goods are considered an important part of human technological innovation, there is no need to sideline the racing industry. On the basis of this, we can also say that using biofuels for racing is preposterous because the biofuels cannot give the thrust that the racing cars need in order to compete. Biofuels are not of high-octane in nature; diesel fuels are. Biofuel cannot be characterized as an energy rich fuel. Using biofuel instead of diesel fuel will negatively impact the performance of racing cars, leading to heavy losses for the racing industry (The Royal Society 08).
Biodiesel is considered an environmentally friendly alternative because it reduces the amount many toxic substances. Plants such as soybeans require carbon dioxide from the air to produce their stems, roots and leaves. During biodiesel production from soybean oil, carbon dioxide is produced and released in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is considered a green house gas (GHG). However, this cycle of GHG emission does not neccersarily contribute to the atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. This is because the next soybean crop will reuse the carbon dioxide emitted for its growth. Another important environmental benefit is that biodiesel reduces particulate matter (PM), hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. These benefits occur because biodiesel contains 11% oxygen by weight. Oxygen allows the fuel to burn better, resulting in fewer emissions from unburned fuel. And lastly, biodiesel fuels do not contain any sulfur and does not have an unpleasant smell when it is emitted from vehicles.
Diesel engines are profusely different from normal engines, not only because different fuel is required to run each motor, but also because the two engines have different parts and use different forms of combustion. “Gas and diesel engines are the two engine configurations that rule the road. While both are internal combustion engines, meaning that the fuel and air mixture is compressed internally through the engine’s cylinders, there are some differences in the mechanics between the two engine types, and aspiring automotive and diesel technicians need to understand the difference. Both diesel and gas engines use an internal combustion method. This means that no matter if you have a diesel engine or a gas engine, your fuel in the engine’s cylinders will ignite and drive your pistons up and down, thus turning the crankshaft that leads to your vehicle’s transmission and wheels. This cycle repeats quickly, with the fuel and air being compressed and ignited internally, allowing your car to move. While the overall goal of both engine types involves turning your wheels, there’s a difference in the mechanics of getting to that point when you look at diesel compared to gas. While gas engines use spark plugs to ignite the gas when the fuel and air is compressed, diesel engines don’t
Diesel has a lot of benefits compared to petrol. One of these benefits are that these diesels engines produce greater torque making the engine more efficient and powerful. In an article written by Chuck Schifsky “Gas vs. Diesel for Truck Trend “Diesel fuel has a higher energy density than gasoline. One gallon of diesel contains approximately 147,000 BTUs of energy,
The diesel engines combustion process is a little different than the typical gasoline engine. A couple main things that diesel engines have that gasoline engines do not are, carburetors and spark plugs. Unlike a gasoline engine, air is first allowed into the cylinder rather than a fuel and air mixture. Once the air is compressed it creates a source of heat, then a mist of fuel is injected to start the combustion process which then creates the energy. Since diesel engines do not have spark plugs they are able to take in larger amount of fuel, this obviously means there will be more power and will guarantee better efficiency. Another thing that is very important is that diesel tends to be a better lubricant than gasoline, being that it is a better lubricant there will be less friction which will generally increase the life of the engine (Woodford). Diesel engines operate at slower speeds than gasoline engines, therefore diesel engines tend to have longer lifespans than gasoline
1. Lorenzo’s parents used the scientific method to solve the situation of lorenzo dying by coming up will solution to his ALD problem and stayed up late every night for years straight just to find a cure for ald and to save their child and all the other kids that suffer from ald and save their lives and many other life that may yet come and suffer from ald
finding new ways to drill for oil and also refine it more efficiently to ensure that
...ch is used to replace natural gas. He also stated that, among the equipment used to burn the biofuel, the suspension burner have the ability to exceed 99% efficiency and whole-tree burner can reduce the cost of harvesting and handling woody fuels by about 35% (Brown, 2003). Moreover, the usage of bio-energy in long term is to provide a degree of ecological balance and climate change, avoid acid rain, reduce soil erosion and minimize water pollution (Gevorkian, 2007). Therefore, biomass is environmental friendly like solar energy. Based on the research that has been carried out regarding the synthesis of gas from biomass, the gas gasifies in the internal combustion engine. The relative energy density of synthesis gas is higher than the fossil fuel under certain conditions. In addition, the relative flame speed of synthesis gas can reduce the time for spark ignition.
Thai Oil Limited Company is a subsidiary company of PTT Thai group Limited Company which is a corporate company established in Thailand. Moreover, PTT Thai group is the biggest shareholder (49.1% of shareholder ratio) of the issued and paid-up capital of the company. Thai Oil is the firm of petroleum refinery specifically in Complex Refinery produced in high modern tech-nology and relevant to involved chain petrochemical firm. The major market is the national market guaranteed with one of the most efficient oil refinery companies in South-east Pacific. Presently, the oil refinery produce capacity is approximately 275,000 barrel per day (25% of the whole nation oil refinery). Additionally, Thai Oil also involves in the other kinds of the business by the shareholder, for example, power producing business, fundamental petroleum business, Paraxylene producing business, petroleum and chemical petroleum products marine transportation, chemical petroleum pipe transportation, as well as the consulting of energy. Thai Oil Group’s integrated business com-prise of the following sectors; Petroleum Refinery Business (TOP), Petrochemical Business(TPX), Lube Base Petroleum Business, Solvent and Chemical Products Business(TOS/TS/SKAV/TSV), Power Generation(TP/TOPSPP/GPSC), Transportation Business(TM/THAPPLINE), and Manufacture of Ethanol Business(TET). Therefore, Thai Oil also has managed the concept of CSR principle into business strategy. Apart from running business by taking the safety of society
Bharat Petroleum offers a big range of Engine Oils, Gear Oils, Transmission oils, Specialty Oils and Greases. With respect to the economic liberalization in India, Lubricants were the first downstream Petroleum product to be totally deregulated with effect from 1991. From then onwards, a large number of players - National, MNCs as well as Global Players - have entered the Indian Lubricants market. Despite operating in a totally competitive environment, BPCL's Lubricants SBU has been registering a growth in lubricant sales continuously over the past couple of years. In 1998, BPCL relaunched our Lubricants in new attractive packs, mainly in Automotive category with three major brands depicting each segment- Mak for Diesel Engine
Packaged edible oil is a flourishing sector in India. Many players have entered into this sector due to its high growth potential. However there are a few who are leaders in this segment. Packaged edible oil accounts for 20% of total edible oil sector in India.
The oil refinery converts crude oil into valuable products and supplies. These products are made and sent to many countries abroad, in which are transported on land or along rivers and canals. Crude oil is then arranged and categorized into segments by fractional distillation. Raw crude oil, or unprocessed crude oil, is not normally beneficial in most industrial applications. Low sulfur crude oil has been valuable as a burner fuel to construct steam for the force of seagoing vessels. The lighter elements have the ability to construct explosive and dangerous vapors in the gas tanks. There are extremely hazardous, and are often used in war ships. The remaining hydrocarbon molecules are filtered from crude oil and used towards lubricants, feedstock, plastics, and fuels.