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the holocaust causes and effects
holocaust effects
the holocaust causes and effects
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When individuals think about the Holocaust, most place the responsibility of the terrible events on the perpetrators. However, bystanders played one of the largest roles in the Holocaust (Evans, Carrell) simply by staying safe for way too long (Florida Center) and the world wants to make sure it never happens again (Shriver Jr., Donald W).
If the individuals, governments, and countries would have stood up for what they knew was right, the Holocaust would have ended before it did. Just like society now, we don't care about something if it doesn't directly impact us.
Background
A great deal of bystanders tried to stay ignorant to everything that was going on during the Holocaust. Although they knew what was going on, a handful overlooked it
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Many of them say they were just minding their own business (Bystander in Relation) but according to Raul Hilberg, they had all of the clues right in front of them and made the choice to look past it. (Bystanders and Upstanders) Many saw the horrors then went right back to their dinners because they didn’t truly care (Shriver Jr.).
People that lived near the concentration camps remember the stench they smelled in the air from flesh burning as well as ashes and hair and bone fragments in the streets (Bystanders and Upstanders 15). You didn’t necessarily have to read the reports to know what was going on. Railroad employees also claimed to not know what was going on even though they maintained records and knew the tickets were one way (Bystanders and Upstanders 2). The outcome would have been less severe had they not ignored the events involving the
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People lowered their responsibility because it had nothing to do with them or their families. They weren’t being tortured, so they were safe (Shriver 1). Even now our morals and values have declined because a large amount of society just doesn’t care anymore. (Bar-On 3) Martin Niemöller says:
First they came for the communists, and I did not speak out because I was not a communist. Then they came for the socialists, and I did not speak out because I was not a socialist. Then they came for the labor leaders, and I did not speak out because I was not a labor leader. Then they came for the Jews, and I did not speak out because I was not a Jew. Then they came for me, and there was no one left to speak out for me.
The quote solely describes the selfish nature of not only those that were bystanders, but those effected in the events of the Holocaust. Donald W. Shriver Jr. says that the “American government as well as people in Germany had no care for minority rights.” (Conscience and Complicity). People stood back because it had nothing to do with them so no one was standing up for the Jews. This type carelessness from society helped to further the events in the Holocaust.
Media and
“The Holocaust: 36 Questions & Answers About the Holocaust.” 36 Questions & Answers About the Holocaust. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Feb. 2014
First, to show that Lehrman’s claim is true, Kristallnacht serves as a great example as to what effect bystanders have on events and how they are more dangerous than the perpetrators. On the night of Kristallnacht, many German citizens were bystanders may be out of being scared to stand up or even out of approval for what was going on. Another example of bystanders on this day were the firefighters. Although they cannot be counted as perpetrators because they did not blatantly attack the Jews, but only prevented the fire from reaching non-Jewish properties. Through these acts, bystanders only affirm the perpetrators and fuel the fire, and in some cases, like the firefighters, they are even more dangerous than the perpetrators by letting the fire reach Jewish properties. The firefighters changed the spark that the perpetrators started, and turned it into a raging fire. (1)
Many groups had great power and influence around the world during the holocaust. How this influence was used or not used helped shape experiences, often horrific for many European Jews. In Hungary, toward the end of the holocaust not only did the international institutions become silent bystanders, but their very own neighbors turned their back on their fellow citizens knowing what atrocities awaited their arrival to Auschwitz.
Most narratives out of the Holocaust from the Nazis point of view are stories of soldiers or citizens who were forced to partake in the mass killings of the Jewish citizens. Theses people claim to have had no choice and potentially feared for their own lives if they did not follow orders. Neighbors, The Destruction of the Jewish Community in Jedwabne, Poland, by Jan T. Gross, shows a different account of people through their free will and motivations to kill their fellow Jewish Neighbors. Through Gross’s research, he discovers a complex account of a mass murder of roughly 1,600 Jews living in the town of Jedwabne Poland in 1941. What is captivating about this particular event was these Jews were murdered by friends, coworkers, and neighbors who lived in the same town of Jedwabne. Gross attempts to explain what motivated these neighbors to murder their fellow citizens of Jedwabne and how it was possible for them to move on with their lives like it had never happened.
"Holocaust Explained, The” The Holocaust Explained. Nation Education Network, n.d. Web. 15 Apr. 2014. < http://www.theholocaustexplained.org/>.
"A Teacher's Guide to the Holocaust-Victims." A Teacher's Guide to the Holocaust-Victims. University of South Florida. Web. 19 May 2014.
Morretta, Teresa. "Teaching the Holocaust: Grades 4-12." Timeline. 1997. Teresa Morretta, Web. 24 Feb 2010. .
The Jewish Holocaust has to be one of the most famous and tragic genocides reported. We are taught that the reason we learn all about it is so tragic historical events like this won’t repeat in the future, but they do and they are. What many people don’t realize is that bystanders play a huge role in the events of the holocaust. Yes, the Germans played an obviously enormous part, and it wouldn’t have happened if it weren’t for them, but there were many other situations where others could have helped stop the tragedy and the deaths of millions of people.
Tent, James F. In the Shadow of the Holocaust: Nazi Persecution of Jewish-Christian Germans. Kansas: University Press of Kansas, 2003.
When classifying the types of people involved in an event such as the Holocaust, three categorical groups can be distinguished. First, and easiest to asses are the perpetrators. This category includes people directly related to the horrors of the Holocaust. The second category encompasses victims; all of the people that were killed, discriminated against, or otherwise harmed by the perpetrators. The final category defines those who watched, witnessed, or were otherwise indirectly involved in the Holocaust, without being harmed by the perpetrators. By definition, bystanders could include entire countries or other groups who ignored or neglected the Holocaust (Vollhardt). A fourth category could be argued, and would include those who actively helped victims (Monroe). As far as nomenclature, rescuer or anti-perpetrator would well define this group.
Ofer, Dalia, and Lenore J. Weitzman. "Women in the Holocaust | Jewish Women's Archive." Women in the Holocaust | Jewish Women's Archive. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Mar. 2014.
"Perpetrators." A Teacher's Guide to the Holocaust. University of South Florida, 1 Jan. 1997. Web. 19 May 2014. .
For many years, people time and time again denied the happenings of the Holocaust or partially understood what was happening. Even in today’s world, when one hears the word ‘Holocaust’, they immediately picture the Nazi’s persecution upon millions of innocent Jews, but this is not entirely correct. This is because Jews
Levi contends that the “collective crime” of the German people as bystanders was “the most obvious demonstration of the cowardice to which Hitlerian terror had reduced them: a cowardice which became an integral part of mores and so profound as to prevent husbands from telling their wives, parents their children” (15). Self-preservation is a natural instinct, so when an individual faces a threat as pervasive as that of the Nazis during the early 1940s, it can’t be fair to assign responsibility of the perpetrators’ success to an individual who succumbed to this fear. This is why Levi is careful to discuss the choice to be a bystander as a collective crime as opposed to an individualized one. Of course, the population of German bystanders as an entity is still comprised of individuals who would each needed to have resisted fear and spoken out to have prevented the collective crime. Although Levi certainly provides a convincing argument for the assignment of some responsibility for the success of the Holocaust to bystanders, the situation is not without
During World War II, six million Jews were brutally massacred by Adolph Hitler's Nazi regime. Several authors have written about the actions of bystanders in the Holocaust. In a poem, "The Hangman," and an allegory, The Terrible Things, Maurice Odgen and Eve Bunting described how bystanders could cause problems through their inactions.