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Following Mao Zedong’s Communist forces victory over the Kuomintang forces of Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, “Mao declared the founding of the People’s Republic of China on October 1, 1949.” (History of PRC) This marked the beginning of the socialist transformation under Mao’s rule in which he planned to unify China and raise the standard of living through the development of China’s infrastructure, industry, healthcare, and education. Mao’s two main campaigns during his time in power were the Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution. Through these campaigns he hoped to purify China’s culture by eradicating the landlord ownership system and focusing on class struggle by implementing a distribution system in favor of poor, landless peasants. Unfortunately, these campaigns contributed to or caused the deaths of millions, high economic costs, and the damaging of China’s cultural heritage by destroying anything that resembled China’s feudal past. Following the death of Mao Zedong’s, Deng Xiaoping worked his way to the top of China’s leadership by 1982. Deng soon initiated his plans for Economic Reforms and Openness, which consisted of policies such as the de-collectivization of the countryside and industrial reforms to help decentralize the government’s control over industries. Even though standards of living had improved significantly due to the economic and industrial recovery, Deng’s reforms were still greatly criticized. Some people still think that through Mao’s campaigns China was able to rebuild itself into an even stronger country than before. They believed it was because of the destruction and turmoil from these campaigns that China was able to rebuild itself on a stronger foundation that it continues to build upo...
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...onsumption, and Ecology, pp. 15-27. Reprinted by permission of the State University of New York Press. 2000, State University of New York.
"Millennium Indicators." RSS Main. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 May 2014.
Naughton, Barry. Deng Xiaoping: The Economist. Cambridge University, 1993. Print.
R., Yin. Forestry and the environment in China: the current situation and strategic choices. World Dev, 1998. Print.
Song, Conghe, Yuxing Zhang. “Forest Cover in china from 1949 to 2006,” in H. Nagendra and J. Southworth, Reforesting Landscapes: Linking Pattern and Process, Landscape Series 10, pp. 341-354. Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010
Wang S, Chen JM, Ju WM. Carbon sinks and sources in China’s forests during 1901-2001. J Environ Manage, 2007. Print.
Wen, Dale, Minqi Li. China: Capitalist Development and Environmental Crisis. Toronto: Socialist Register, 2007. Print.
In order to understand why China is in such environmental difficulties we need to understand why the lifestyles of people in Europe and the US could be to blame. The first area to consider is the environmental issues that China is currently suffering with. Once this is established I can assert what impact the US and Europe has in relation to these issues and what actually causes them. In linking the events it will be easier to see the chain of events. To do this I am going to work backwards and understand the issues that exist within China and then secondly what they are a result of. This will give me the background of why China’s environmental issues have become so dire.
After Mao Zedong’s failed Cultural Revolution, the country was in a state of disarray. Political isolation had caused the economy to falter, while citizens struggled everyday to adhere to communist ideals. Collectivization and municipalization ran the nation, meaning the government had total control over the country which left citizens without a chance of earning their own money or providing for themselves. In turn, the quality of life in China decreased and riots began to break out. Deng Xiaoping was the leader that succeeded Mao after his death in 1976, and his reforms helped turn around the country’s economic and social situation. Careful strategic moves made by Deng allowed other countries to invest in China’s economy and the government gave people more control over their land and education. He also reduced the power of the government, moving away from Communism and towards democracy. Deng Xiaoping had a positive influence on China because he opened China up to the global markets and increased the quality of life for millions of people.
China's transition from the leadership under the iron fist of Mao Zedong to the more liberal Deng Xiao Ping gave the People's Republic a gradual increase in economic freedom while maintaining political stability. During Mao's regime, the country focused on bolstering and serving the community, while subsequently encumbering individual growth and prosperity. Deng advocated a more capitalist economic ideology, which established China as an economic force in the global community while endowing its citizens with more liberties and luxuries than previously granted.
Hildebrant, Timothy . "Environmentalists cry 'fore!' in China." csmonitor.com. 16 Jul 2003. the Christian Science Monitor. 12 Apr. 2005 .
Desertification has consistently haunted Chinese climatic history. However, recent evidence suggests that the Chinese might have a little more on their hands than the global climate change experienced by generations before them. While global warming and climate change are a world concern, the Chinese have an invested interest in combating the desert destruction of their capital city. If these methods prove futile and anthropogenic forces accelerate desertification, then Beijing could be the first victim in the battle against global warming.
In 2007-2008 ;China became the world's biggest emitter of greenhouse gases. In 2010 China became the world's biggest energy consumer” (Seligsohn, 2015) As Seligsohn
Finally, the 21st century defines a major devolution of the communist ideology as a mere symbol in the extreme forms of capitalist enterprise defined under the guise of “state power.” Mao had a negative impact on the Chinese economy by giving the state too much power to make decisions, which ultimately conform to neo-liberal economic ideologies that exploit the Chinese proletariat. Much like the great Leap Forward killed 45 million workers in the late 1950s, so does the current mode of economic development in an increasingly stratified class divisions centered in urban
FAO: State of the World's Forests. Rome: Food and Agriculture Office of the United Nations; 2007. Print.
Replantation of trees on marginal crop and pasture lands for the removal of carbon from atmosphere is referred as reforestation. To make this process successful the stored carbon must not return to atmosphere when the tree is burned or when it dies. For this purpose the trees must grow in perpetuity or the wood from them must itself be sequestered, e.g., via bio char, bio-energy with carbon. Short of growth in perpetuity, however, reforestation with long-lived trees (>100 years) will sequester carbon for a more graduated release, minimizing impact during the expected carbon crisis of the 21st century.
As a result of “the South China Tiger [being] one of the most endangered tiger subspecies in the world” (State Forestry Administration, 2000) China implemented the China Action Plan For Saving the South China Tiger. China’s State Forestry Administration developed the plan because it was necessary to minimize the threat of extinction posed by humans to these tigers. Without intervention, the South China Tiger would go extinct.
The forests around the world a supply a plethora of community amenities and commercial goods , nevertheless forested terrain progressively is becoming transformed to accommodate other uses, including cropland, pasture, mining, and urban areas, which can produce superior private financial returns. The wide array of benefits the forest provides that vanish directly tied to deforestation have resulted in several policies drafted with the sole intention to reduce the frequency of deforestation. This paper has two primary objectives. First, this paper will review and summarize both the preceding and current research on deforestation. Second, it will emphasize the significance of future research and development, as well as other solutions needed
Hoobler, Dorothy, Thomas Hoobler, and Michael Kort, comps. China: Regional Studies Series. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Globe Fearon, 1993. 174-177.
When Chinese Communist Party Chairman Mao Zedong first rose to power at the start of the Chinese Civil War, major change was on the horizon for Nationalist China. With rising inflation and civil instability at the hands of corrupt government leaders, the time had come for the Communists to take the helm in China. Mao branded this as a chance to use communist ideals to promote economic development. He believed that he could bring China to an economic level on par with its industrialized neighbors at a rapid pace, gaining him a huge following. Unfortunately for the Communist party, support for Mao hemorrhaged following the profound failures of the Great Leap Forward, an economic program he spearheaded. Mao’s plan managed to leave the agricultural industry in ruins and destroy the working population in China. Not accepting failure, once Mao had faded into near obsoleteness, he plunged back into the public eye. He claimed China was on the cusp of a dangerous return to capitalism. He called for a rebellion. Newfound support was especially common among Chinese youth, who searched for something to believe in in a relatively stagnant China. Mao’s Cultural Revolution, enabled by the rebellious youths, left the nation in a catastrophic state. It wreaked havoc on the Chinese social structure, forging class divides and resulting in a breakdown of law and order. Therefore, Chairman Mao Zedong's efforts to improve China to his own standards—the botched Great Leap Forward and the Chinese Cultural Revolution, accomplished exactly opposite of what they desired to achieve, leaving the Chinese economy and social struc...
country'. Since 1950, when China embraced modernity, the forests have been indiscriminately felled reducing forest cover.
“Healthy forests help absorb greenhouse gasses and carbon emissions that are caused by human civilization and contribute to global climate change. Without trees, more carbon and greenhouse gasses enter the...