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environmental factors on human development
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The Bronfenbrenner Model was created in 1979 and is the ecology of human development. This model is used in our everyday lives and change overtime with every milestone. It is an extremely important model because it shows how the impact from the environment, people, socioeconomic, and education has on a child. Throughout one’s life the Bronfenbrenner Model is at work. There are Four-levels of the Bronfenbrenner model, each can relate to a specific time and moment in my life.
The first level of the Bronfenbrenner model is the Microsystem. This system’s setting is the direct environment in the child’s life and its impact on the child. For examples your family, friends, classmates, teachers, neighbors and other people who have a direct contact with you are included in your microsystem. At the age of eight I had a handful of people in my microsystem: my best friend Staci and Tressia, my teacher Mrs. Perry, my mother and brothers and sisters, my neighbor Tyler, and my teacher a Sunday school teacher Ms. Monica. These people and the environments they were in, week-to-week, had a great impact on me. My friends Staci, Tressia, and Tyler all had an impact on the type of person I was around them. Likewise so did my
The Bronfenbrenner bioecological model neatly organizes those influencers. Each level is so very important to a child’s development. Because of everyone and everything in my microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem, I am who I am today. I hold the life lesson of never giving up, because of my teacher Mrs. Perry. I have the relationship with my mother because of the transition with my ex step-father. I work hard because my single mother worked so hard to support us. I hope that in the years to come that my future children will have positive impacts, influencers, and environments in their circle. People in my life had a great impact on me, and I on them. That is the beauty of the Bronfenbrenner
The environmental influences must be considered in order to understand the behavioral of a child. Urie Bronfenbrenner was a famous Russian American psychologist who formulated the Ecological Model Systems in 1979. He believed that as a child grow and mature, the way he/she interact with the environment become more complex. The Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Model Systems defines how external environments and individuals affect the development of a child. It is made up of four systems that greatly influence the development of a child. The four systems are microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem. My parents divorced when I was 3 years old and I grew up in a broken family. My microsystem includes immediate relationship I interact with,
Next is the 'Exosystem' circle, this represents the people who indirectly influence the child including, parent's workplace and other services supporting the family. Lastly, the 'Macrosystem' circle includes the values and attitudes of the cultural group the child belongs to. Bronfen Brenner's model agrees with Bowlby where they both state that the main support for a child is their immediate family. However, Brenner goes on to explain the influences that Nature has on a child and how they can be supported by other factors throughout transitions and therefore agrees that it is not only the influence of the parent or carer of a child but it is the influence of other individuals, services and surroundings that help support the child and their emotional needs when going through a
Individual. Bronfenbrenner 's model envisions the developing individual with attributes such as age, sex, abilities, and temperament as the center of the model. (Berger, page 18) These characteristics will cause the interaction with the next level of the model in particular ways that evolve over time.
Erikson’s theory, developed in 1963, supports the idea that early life experiences impact an individual across their lifespan. This theory considers that the growth of an individual is a result of interaction with the environment, biological maturation and societal influences, therefore, allowing for experiences from early life, to influence an individual throughout their lifespan (White, Hayes, and Livesey, 2009). Erikson’s theory focuses on eight different developmental stages within a lifespan and in order to progress from one stage to another, an individual must overcome a potential crisis of two opposing forces at each stage. There are two types of resolution of each stage, successful and unsuccessful. If an individual is
Bronfenbrenner’s ecological, system’s theory describes how the child and their immediate surroundings are in an innermost layer surrounded, embedded and influenced by layers from the larger environment all impacting upon the child (Ministry of Education, 1996; Paquette, & Ryan, 2001). Of particular interest are the effects to the child of two way relationships towards and away from the child, as defined by Bronfenbrenner as bi-directional influences, these are particularly influential in the child’s inner layer. For instance: the impact to the child of attentive or non-attentive parents affects how the child reacts to a given situation, which in turn affects how the parent behaves. Notwithstanding, the impact of bi-directional influences on the child’s world continues into the outer layers, as in the example of a parent’s workplace demanding more input into the workplace, which means...
Bronfenbrenner’s model involved how a person responded to their surroundings. It was all separated into four different systems. Growing up as a child, my family was always together and happy. Nothing ever seemed to put us down, not even the roughest times that impacted our lives. My family was together through ups and downs and they showed me that families should stay united no matter what circumstances occur. As a child, school always had a positive environment and it helped me learn so many things in life. My teachers were caring and a big help when it came to helping us learn. My teachers became like a family to me and school was like a second home. My peer group wasn’t too large, but they were a huge part of my life. My peer group was
Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory will be applied throughout this essay to delve into the reasoning behind particular behavioural issues. According to Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory, an individual has multiple environments known as their ecological systems (Bronfenbrenner, 1994). Bronfenbrenner (1994) suggests that a developing child is influenced by the relationships surrounding them and the best way to understand a child’s behaviour is to look at the numerous aspects of the child’s environment and how they interact with each other. The relationships and environments that the child interacts with have been separated into layers known as the microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem and the overarching chronosystem (Bronfenbrenner, 1994). The microsystem is the environment where the child has direct face-to-face relationships such as at home, day care and school (Bronfenbrenner, 1994). The relationships formed within the microsystem directly impact the development of a child (Bronfenbrenner, 1994). It is through the processes of repeated interactions with people, objects and symbols that the human develops (Bronfenbrenner, 1994). The second layer in the ecological model is the mesosystem, which is the interaction between two of the microsystems such as the relationship between a parent and a teacher (Bronfenbrenner, 1994). The exosystem is an external environment, with which the
...lopment is contextual and can change by big or small impacts just like people can be changed by good or bad influences. As humans we constantly change due to our changing environment. Because of these changes three major factors can have an impact on us: normative age-graded and normative history-graded influences and non-normative life events. These three factors can either have a biological or environmental influences on an individual’s development. A normative age-graded and normative history-graded influence that has occurred in my life was getting my driver’s license at the age of sixteen and experiencing the legalization of same-sex marriage. A non-normative life event that I experienced was getting adopted from Russia at the age of eight. All these influences have impacted my development and my character one way or another and have made me the person I am today
Human development issues have remained critical in understanding how and why people behave the way they do. Several human development theories exist to explain human development from birth through to death. Some of these have focused on the psychological aspects of human development while others on the cognitive aspect (Piaget, 1971; Lerner, 2001; Swick and Williams, 2006). Other human development theories have also focused on the social and environmental aspects (Bronfenbrenner & Bronfenbrenner, 2009; Swick, 2004). This current essay examines one of the major social theories relating to child development. The theory to be examined is the Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory of human development. The essay will further examine the applicability of the Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory to my personal development, growing up as a child between the ages of 4 years and 12 years. In the first instance, the essay will focus on explaining the – Bronfenbrenner’s theory including the four types of systems described by the theory. Subsequently, the essay will examine how these systems apply to my life in relation to the social systems in which I grew in South Sudan in Africa. It will be seen that the Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory
Psychosocial development throughout the Life Cycle theory (sometimes known as individual development theory) proposes that each individual has the ability to master their environment at all stages of life (Coady & Lehman, 2008; Hutchison, 2008). The theory had its beginnings in Freud’s psychosexual stages of child development; however Erikson is responsible for laying the groundwork for the theory as it is known today, by proposing an epigenetic model of human development (Hutchison, 2008).
The Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory focuses on how ones environment can affect a person’s development. It focuses on 5 main areas namely the Microsystem, Mesosystem, Exosystem, Macrosystem and Chronosystem (Bronfenbrenner, 1977, p. 514-515). Each system represents the setting in which they live in and how these people affect their growth. In this particular case study, Andy’s main influence is from the Microsystem and Mesosystem.
Microsystem: this tier is the closest one to the child and consists of the things the child has direct interactions with. It includes all the relationships and contacts the child has with their immediate surroundings, such as family, neighborhood, school, and childcare settings. There are two directions in which these relationships within this tier impacts the child, towards and away from the child. For instance: a child’s parents influence their actions and beliefs; then again, the child likewise influences the beliefs and actions of the pare...
Children are products of their environment. There are several factors that determine the future outcome of the child. Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Model breaks down the components that effect the child. This model contains several layers; the inner most layer is called the microsystem, then comes the mesosystem, the exosystem, and the macrosystem. Each layer describes different factors that explain how and why the child behaves or grows up to be a certain way.
Bronfenbrenner theorised that there are many different influences that affect a child’s development, forming 5 systems to categorise certain events, or environments into. This theory helps me to understand the theme of Nature Vs Nurture, as it gives some context as to what environments can affect a child's development. From this, we can work out solutions for each child's situation, to ensure that their development is still progressing.
When discussing the interactions within different systems which were discussed in Chapter 1 of the text, you a left with complex yet systematic avenues to which an individual’s development can be affected. In order to fully understand the interactions of individuals on a day to day basic, it is imparative that we first understand that people and everything around them are in constant change. Rather those changes are internal or external, we must be able to identify these systems, which intel will help us with the understanding of human development.