Heresy is a belief or theory that is strongly accustomed with established beliefs. A heretic is someone who believes in these beliefs and/or theories. The term is usually used to describe broken religious laws or legal codes. It carries the belief that to undermine accepted morality can cause evils, damnation, or other punishments. In many cultures such as Islamic or Jewish heresy has led to punishments such as excommunication and even death penalty.
When heresy is used today referencing to Christianity, it’s meaning represents the denial or doubt of the Christian faith. Heresy is distinguished between apostasy and schism. Apostasy is being nearly always total abandonment of the Christian faith after it has been freely accepted. Schism is being a formal and deliberate breach Christian unity and an offence against charity without being based essentially on doctrine.
Heresy involves a baptized person who teaches or proclaims something contrary to Catholic belief and refuses to be corrected. Heresy is distinct from apostasy, personal incredulity, or schism. Heretical teaching effect...
The Catholic Church referred to most groups that attempted to improve the Church and failed as ‘heretics;’ heresy could include “resistance to or rejection of Catholic sexual belief” (Crawford 73). Through use of this term, Catholics attempted to discredit these groups by categorizing them as counters to Catholic morality. Catholics previously had used this method to discredit groups like the Cathars, Waldensians, and Albigensians; all three of which rejected Catholic hierarchies regarding sex (Crawford 74). Like the Catholic Church, throughout the chronicle, Jeanne de Jussie continuously referred to Protestants as ‘heretics.’ Jeanne de Jussie too used the term to discredit the Protestants and to create a division between them and those who she considered to be true Christians: the
Deviance is described as “the recognized violation of cultural norms”(Macionis 238). While deviance can include crime, it is not always such. Deviance can mean trying to sneak into a hospital room, desperately searching for someone like the character of Benny in the movie Benny and Joon. Or it could be preforming on the streets for people to watch. Deviance isn’t always a criminal act. The movie Benny and Joon gave several examples of deviant behavior portrayed by the three main characters, Benny, Joon, and Sam.
What is deviance? What does it mean? What determines a behavior as deviant? Deviance is anything that violates a social norm. For example, when a child burps at the supper table but doesn’t excuse himself. Who we socialize and spend time with will determine what we deem as deviant behavior. There are many types of deviant behaviors, some of these behaviors may not be considered deviant to one culture but to another they are.
foreign religion that is not only un-Jewish but is also unfaithful to the Hebrew Bible.”
Since the beginning of man’s first ability to articulate his thoughts into words, he began traditions that exceeded all written text. These traditions included passing on stories from one generation to the next with the hopes of conveying some hidden moral principle to our children in a memorable and entertaining fashion. As society has progressed and developed over the years, and as thoughts became words, words turned into stories, and stories in some cases. became novels. In modern life, novels can be transformed using symbolism and archetypes through the art of film making. In the film, The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe, just before Lucy’s first discovery of the magical land of Narnia, she is seen opening the door of a beautiful wardrobe. As the door opens three white marbles roll out, symbolizing the path of good, the free will of mankind, and evil. Through the use of symbolism, most predominately the three white marbles, the film portrays the choice of all humans regarding whether to follow the path of the free will of mankind by choosing to become more Christ-like, or to follow the wicked and be shrouded in darkness.
It is the concept of a single entity within the Church ruling with absolute power. This entity is not limited to a signal priest or religious figure it may also be a group and thus create an oligarchical structure. This is important because religion can often mobilize people, although when the church become authoritarian and totalitarian is can be dangerous.
(www.dictionary.com) Dogma is used synonymously with the doctrine and includes all Christian truths. It suggests a particular Christian doctrine has been raised to a status of an essential article of the church. An example of dogma is the Trinity which was formalized in the Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed. (Stanglin, K D. "Dogma." Global Dictionary of Theology, edited by Dyrness, William A. and Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, InterVarsity Press, 2008. ) Paganism does not have a predetermined doctrine, they have no established dogma. In the opinion of fellow Pagans Joyce and River Higginbotham, Paganism can be summed up in a word “search”. In order to have a successful foundation of new knowledge, inspiration and experience it is important to work your mental, spiritual and ethical muscles; this becomes the core of Pagan spirituality. (Higginbotham 67) Is the process of searching and questioning principles and living free from predetermined truths what places Pagan beliefs in the risk
In sociology, the term deviance refers to all violations of social rules, regardless of their seriousness (Essentials of Sociology 136). Deviance is an individual or organizational behavior that violates societal norms and is usually accompanied by negative reactions from others. According to a sociologist S. Becker, he stated that it is not the act itself that makes an action deviant, but rather how society reacts to it.
Christianity is a very unique religion. It, unlike many of the world's major religions, places a great emphasis on having the correct beliefs and interpretations of religious doctrines. Being a much more societal religion than many others, Christianity in its early years found that it was important to have every follower have the same understanding of the cardinal beliefs that it preaches. The story of the bible is a very complex one, as compared to other religions. The statement of beliefs of the other Abrahamic religions are all relatively short. They do not rely so heavily on scripture as Christianity does, and therefore there s no need for a comprehensive statement of belief that covers all major events and definitions (Johnson 9). Christianity, even around the time of its founding, was a very controversial religion. Given the religious landscape of the time, consisting of mainly of Greco-Roman Pagan beliefs and Judaism. Early followers of Jesus had to convert former Jews or Pagan Greeks into Christianity, but that caused some prior views of people to hinder their full understanding of Christianity and bring with them plausible, yet ultimately false ideas on the correct interpretation of some fundamental events in the Bible. The Christian statement of belief, or creed, in the beginning was a very rudimentary summary, but as Christianity grew in its early years, it became evident that there was clearly some clarification needed. The creed slowly evolved from the original "apostles" version to the version that is widely accepted today called the Nicene Creed (Fullerton & Hunsberger 317). The main reason for the rapid evolution of the creed was to define the correct interpretation of scripture, and halt the spread of various her...
It was a Saturday on July 16th 1054 when Cardinal Humbert, the legate of Pope Leo IX, walked into the cathedral of Hagia Sophia where he approached the main altar. On the altar he placed a parchment that declared the Patriarch of Constantinople to be excommunicated from the church. Then he stormed out of the church and left the city entirely because he insisted that the Patriarch recognize Rome's claim to be the head and mother of the church. A week later, Patriarch Michael Cerularius had firmly decided to have the cardinal excommunicated. Centuries later, this dramatic incident was thought to mark the beginning of the schism between the Latin and the Greek churches. In addition, this division still separates Roman Catholics and Eastern Orthodox. However, no scholar on both sides maintains that the schism actually began in 1054. The validity of the Western legates' act is doubtful, since Pope Leo had died and Cerularius' excommunication applied only to the legates personally. Still, the Church split along doctrinal, theological, linguistic, political, and geographical lines, and the fundamental breach has never been healed. Sometimes, each side accuses the other of having fallen into heresy and of having initiated the division. As a result, the Great Schism is considered to have formed because of the political differences, the theological differences The Crusades, and the attempts of Reconciliation.
During the Age of Reformation people were greatly against the abuses that existed in the Roman Catholic Church. A couple of abuses that were greatly stressed were the selling of indulgences, simony, and nepotism. It was some of these same abuses that prompted German reformist Martin Luther to write his 95 Theses. And for the Council of Trent to later address them in a series of meetings.
During the 2nd century early church teachings were challenged by Gnosticism a religious movement similar to Christianity. Contrary to the Christian teachings that salvation is attained through faith in Jesus Christ; Gnostics taught that salvation was attained through access to secret knowledge. Similar to the Christian tradition Gnostics claimed that the secret knowledge was passed on from the Apostles. In addition, Gnostics taught that access to the secret knowledge was only available to those who read the Bible in a specific manner.
...s beliefs are not reflected in their conduct. As a result, people do not truly understand the doctrines they hold dear, and their misunderstanding leads to serious mistakes.
The middle ages saw the rise of many “cults” or “sects;” most notably the Cathars and the Flagellants. The Cathars appeared in 1143 and were subject to rumors about their supposed immoral acts such as consuming the ashes of dead babies. They became so influential that they were considered to be a major threat to the dominant Church. After the Cathars managed the assassination of one of Pope Innocent III’s legates, a crusade was organized against them and they were eventually wiped out. Their views were partly Gnostic and their view of dualism was varied from radical to moderate. They subscribed to high ethical standards, rejected the Old Testament and denied the Trinity.
Deviance is non-conformity to a set of social norms or expectations widely accepted (Fulcher & Scott, 1999; Giddens, 1997). According to Haralambos and Holborn (1995), deviance is relative. It can only be defined in relation to a set of standards. Since no standards are fixed, deviance is not absolute.