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How the environment affects behaviour
How the environment affects behaviour
Essays on behavioral theory of aggression
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Boxer (2005) begins his argument for his mediation of aggressive behavior by first explaining a social-cognitive viewpoint on the subject, which he holds to for the remainder of the article. The following is his description of the social-cognitive model: “One of the most prominent contemporary perspectives on how aggression emerges, persists, and resists change is the social-cognitive information-processing model of mediation…In this framework, a child’s cognitions related to social situations and social behavior are thought to account for the association over time between individual and environmental risk factors and actual aggressive behavior. A child’s temperamental tendencies and social experiences interact through observational and direct learning experiences to produce an enduring set of ‘aggression-supporting’ cognitions that account for habitual aggression” (Boxer, 2008, 385). During one of our class discussions, we were introduced to the Triadic Reciprocal Determinism model, which states that personal characteristics, environment, and behavior all interchangeably effect one another (Morris). I will argue that Boxer’s (2005) social-cognitive theory relates to the Triadic Reciprocal Determinism model in that it explains that personal characteristics and past experiences account for behavior and environment.
In the quote above, Boxer (2008) says that one’s “cognitions related to social situations and social behavior” effects his/her “environmental risk factors and actual aggressive behavior”. In essence, he believes that personal characteristics determine behavior and environment, which agrees with the Triadic Reciprocal Determinism. Because of our constant self-regulation and self-efficacy, we as individuals are changing. ...
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...nitive Perspective”. The Journal of Primary Prevention. 2005. Pg. 383-400.
Harzem, Peter. “Behaviorism for New Psychology: What Was Wrong with Behaviorism and What is Wrong With it Now”. Behavior and Philosophy, 12(5), 2004. Pg. 5- 12
Immordino-Yang, Mary Helen and Antonio Damasio. “We Feel, Therefore We Learn: The Relevance of Affective and Social Neuroscience to Education”. Mind, Brain, and Education, 1(1), 2007. Pg. 3-9.
Matusov, Eugene; DePalma, Renee; and Stephanie Drye. “Whose Development? Salvaging the Concept of Development Within A Sociocultural Approach to Education”. Educational Theory, 57(4), 2007. Pg. 403-421.
Morris, William. “Social Cognitive Theory”. University of South Carolina, Columbia SC. 21 April 2014.
Raver, Cybele. “Placing Emotional Self-Regulation in Sociocultural and Socioeconomic Contexts”. Child Development, 75(2), 2004. Pg. 346-353.
Nurture brings out the aggressive behaviour in humans. Mikal Gilmore’s book, Shot in the Heart, correlates with the aspect of aggressive behaviour nurture because of how he turned out unlike the other four, who did not have a this ability to kill. The nurture of a child into adulthood develops and creates the aggressive behaviour within the environment. The aggressive behaviour can be found in every human, but it is not until the cognitive development of a child that the aggressive behaviour can start to form and become overpowering. Though the basis of aggression is found in people it is not until a child is exposed to an aggressive
Aggressive individuals often act in ways that will result in having personal gain, rather than focusing what impact they have on others. Aggression is pervasive. It affects the rich as well as the poor, the upper and lower classes, it defines us. This means that most sole individuals will behave in certain ways to promote their well being, instead of how they affect others. Michael Crichton uses characters in Jurassic Park to portray the negative physical, social and intellectual impact they can have on society. This is evident in everyday life because society has molded individuals into looking out for their well being with no considerations of the impact that it has on others.
Lefkowitz, Monroe M. 1977. Growing Up to be Violent: A Longitudinal Study of the Development of Aggression. New York: Pergamon.
The Social Learning Theory explains that children and adults can learn aggression and violence from observing parents, siblings or friends. As well as being rewarded for aggressive and violent behavior. (Siegel, 2015) This is just one theory that
Since the beginning of social psychology, psychologist has been trying to analyze how people’s thoughts, feelings, and behavior are impacted by aggression. When an aggressive person gets frustrated or upset, social psychologist tracks down what exactly drives them to commit crimes, atrocities, or even abuse. According to Kassin, Fein, and Markus, aggression is “behavior intended to harm another individual” (2016). Individuals who attain this trait don’t always have to physically abuse someone, aggressive attacks could be verbal, emotional, or mental as well. Although many might argue that people who are viewed as aggressive tend to harm another person because that is their only cure, however, there are alternative motives that drive aggression,
In 1913 a new movement in psychology appeared, Behaviorism. “Introduced by John Broadus Watson when he published the classic article Psychology as the behaviorist views it.” Consequently, Behaviorism (also called the behaviorist approach) was the primary paradigm in psychology between 1920 to 1950 and is based on a number of underlying ‘rules’: Psychology should be seen as a science; Behaviorism is primarily concerned with observable behavior, as opposed to internal events, like thinking and emotion; People have no free will – a person’s environment determines their behavior; Behavior is the result of stimulus resulting in a response; and All behavior is learned from the environment. How we process these stimuli and learn from our surrounds
One of the most researched topics in the history of psychology is aggression. One goal of social scientists has been to define aggression. Some believe that aggression is biologically preprogrammed, others look toward situational factors and this study suggests that aggression is learned. This study was conducted by Albert Bandura and his associates in 1961 at Stanford University. The researchers proposed that the children be exposed to adult models with either aggressive or nonaggressive ways, they would then be tested without the models present to determine if they would imitate that aggression they observed in the adult.
Behaviorism is a foundational theory in the world of psychology. However, behaviorism though it was a flourishing influential idea during the beginnings of psychology, it suffered a decline when other aspects of scientific research entered the psychology practice. Behaviorism was the scientific study of behavior. A plethora of great thinkers have made their marks with discoveries in behaviorism but B.F. Skinner was one of the most influential thinkers during the decline of behaviorism and the rise of experimental psychology.
Carlson, N.R. and Heth, C.D. (2009). Psychology the Science of Behavior. Toronto Pearson Education Canada.
Behavior, Aggressive Cognition, Aggressive Affect, Physiological Arousal, and Prosocial Behavior: a Meta-Analytic Review of the Scientific Literature." Psychological Science (2001). EBSCO. DePaul Library. 7 Mar. 2008.
punishment may contribute casually to the development of aggression and in the third group there was either
Behaviorism must be seen as a methodological proposal of explaining the behavior of organisms from the lowest to the highest. Explaining human and nonhuman behavior by reference to scientific laws and the theories expressed of physical states, events, and entities. Because modern psychology emerged roughly in the mid-19th century, information of behaviorism was gathered in its early stages by introspection (looking at your own inner states of being; your own desires, feelings, and intentions) then linking them to the outside observable state.
There are five main contributors to behaviorism. They are Ivan Pavlov, John Watson, B.F. Skinner, Albert Bandura, and Joseph Wolpe. The beh...
1. Aggression and Violence, social interactionists perspectives. , Richard B. Felson and James T. Tedeschi 1993
Behaviorist theory is that any and all behaviors can be learned, emotional or otherwise. This learning is founded on an impression that all behaviors are developed by the means of conditioning. The behaviorist theory has been affected by many important scientists. The main contributors to this theory are: John B. Watson, Ivan Pavlov, and B.F. Skinner. The two major components of the behaviorist theory are from Pavlov and Skinner and they are classical conditioning and operant conditioning. Watson was “the founder of behavioral psychology the aim of which was to predict and control human behavior” (John, 2011). Behaviorism believes that a person’s behavior is the product of the environment in which the subject is involved.