The bones of the knees are the patella and the tibia (Hall, 2011). The muscle groups for the knees are the hamstring gracilis, and the gastrocemius (Hall, 2011). For dorsiflexion, there are no bones it is the muscles that move bones. The muscles are the tibialis anterior, peroneus tertius, extensor digitorum longus, and the extensor hallucis longus (Hall, 2011). These are the muscles that move the bones so the top foot will move towards the calf of the leg (Hall, 2011). The next flexion is plantar flexion and this one also deals mainly with muscles than bone. The muscles are the flexor digitorum longus, Flexor hallucis longus, peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, soleus, and tibialis posterior (Hall, 2011). Plantar flexion allows the foot to be able to point and that is an important part of a pirouette. For the forward should flexion the joint is the Glenohumeral Joint. This joint deal’s with the scapula and the humerus and helps provide stability for the dancer (Hall, 2011). The last flexion in the …show more content…
They are angular momentum, angular motion, direction of force application, and the angular impulse (Hall, 2011). The angular momentum what keeps a dancer going while they are in the pirouette. This is happening because the force the dancer has already formed (Hall, 2011). The angular motion is applying as much force it can to the ground (Hall, 2011). This will cause the dancer to not have any distance from the center of rotation. The next principles is direction of force application, this is the force that comes from pushing off the ground with the foot (Law, 2014). This goes with the Law of Reaction that has for every action there is a reaction (Hall, 2011). The last principle is the angular impulse. This is happening when the force that is pushed agains the while the foot is pulling up allows the dancer to have and gain momentum for the pirouette (Karlinsky, Beaulieu, & Robertson,
The gluteus maximus originates from both the ilium and the sacrum and inserts on the femur. The gluteus minimus abducts and rotates the thigh outward. The biceps femoris originates from the tuberosity of the ischium and is responsible for abducting the thigh and flexing the hindlimb or in humans the thigh/leg. The gastrognemius originates from the lateral sesamoid bone of the femur and extends the hindfoot in minks and the calves in humans (Scott).
In the frontal plane, the movement shows the depression of scapula. The joint involved in this part of the pirouette is the scapulothoracic joint. This motion can be analyzed in the frontal plane or the sagittal due to the movements of the shoulders with the trunk (Hall, 2011). In the transverse plane it is the external rotation of the hip that helps form a pirouette. The muscles used to perform the rotation are the gluteus minimus, piriformis, superior gemellus, inferior gemellus, obturator internus, obturator externus, and quadratus femoris (Hall, 2011). These muscles are used to help the leg move to the correct position for a pirouette.
Flexion is the bending of a joint so that the angle between the two bones decreases. The primary muscles that flex the knee are a group collectively known as “hamstrings.” The hamstrings consist of the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus. The muscles that assist in flexion are the sartorius, gracilis,...
The ability to flex the finger consists of a serial of flexor muscles in the forearm and their tendons are inserted to the bones of finger. The injury of flexor tendon might cause the loss of bending of the fingers or thumb. The flexor digitorum profundus tendon (FDP) attaching to the distal phalanx and the flexor digitorum superficialis tendon banding to middle phalanx well demonstrated the specific type of tendon-to-bone insertion site characterized by the four-zone enthesis.[1] The retinacula (sheath) structures serve as strong fibrous bands wrap around the flexor tendons in order to keep the flexor tendons in place while flexion.
Anterior pelvic tilt is the top of the pelvis rotating forward such as the ASIS are forward relative to the pubic symphysis. In the frontal plane it looks as if the posterior part of the pelvis is swayed backwards. As dancers we try to work through this resistance and achieve the greatest turn out possible. In order for us to gain greater turn out while standing we often try to open the hips more by sabotaging our alignment, sending the pelvis into anterior pelvic tip. Although you can achieve greater turn out this way, it ruins the aesthetic and makes the deep outward rotators less effective. This means that if you tried to perform a simple tendu to the front, you would not be able to stay turned out through the foot during the exercise. Anterior pelvic tilt also limits a dancer’s execution when doing a back battement.
To understand the importance of the ACL, the knee as a whole must be examined. The knee is formed by the femur, the tibia, and the patella. Several muscles and ligaments control the motion of the knee and protect it from damage at the same time. Ligaments are dense structures of connective tissue that fasten bone to bone and stabilize the knee. Two ligaments on either side of the knee, called the medial and lateral collateral ligaments, stabilize the knee from side-to-side. The ACL along with the posterior cruciate ligament are of a pair of ligaments in the center of the knee joint that form a cross. T...
The pectoral girdle is made up of the sternum, clavicle, coracoid and scapula. The clavicles come together to form the furcula, or "wishbone". The furcula provides a flexible attachment site for the breast muscles and along with the coracoids act as struts that resist pressure created by the wing stroke during flight. There is an extensive fusion of bones of the pelvic region to provide stiff support for the legs in order to deal with the stress of take-off and landing.
For the dancer, music and choreography are paramount. The music guides the dancer, and the moves express the music. However, the dance has to start from somewhere.
The word patella comes from the great latin language meaning shallow pan or shallow dish. The description of that word could not be more correct, it was meant in reference to balance of food but in anatomy’s case a balance of the body. The patella is a small bone located in front of the knee joint where the thigh bone (femur) and shinbone (tibia) meet. It protects the knee and connects the muscles in the front of the thigh to the tibia. The patella is one of two sesamoid bones found in the body, roughly triangular shaped in size. It’s thick consistency allows for the articulation of the femur, which in turn allows for body support and balance. The patella has multiple body functions with the primary being knee extension. The patella is essential for basic body functions including locomotion;
This skill involves jumping in the sagittal plane about the transverse axis. It consists of hip, knee, ankle, and shoulder joints. In the preparation phase in propulsion, the subject has flexed knees and hips which will need to be straightened by the strength of their corresponding joints such as the hinge joint at the knee joint. The hip joint is a ball and socket joint that bears the body weight and allows for jumping motion. During th...
Gymnasts use physics everyday. As a gymnast I never realized how much physics went into every motion, every back handspring, every mistake on the bars. If gymnasts were physicists (or at least knew more about physics) they would be better equipped to handle the difficult aspects of gymnastics. As a gymnast I learned the motions that were necessary to complete the tricks that I was working on, and as a coach I taught others the same. I never truly understood why a particular angle gave me a better back handspring or why the angle that I hit a springboard at really mattered when completing a vault. We are going to explore some of the different apparatuses in gymnastics and a few of the physics laws that are involved in them. We will not even barely scratch the surface of the different ways that physics can explain gymnastics.
In the muscular system the main differences between minks and humans are mostly the size and shape of each muscle. However, for example the temporalis differs in that it has different locations within the mink and human. In minks the temporalis is located on the dorsal side of the skull while, in humans it is located on the later side. Also the romboideus complex muscles differ in location as well. In humans these muscles are located in the upper section of the dorsal side while, in minks they are found closer to the neck. Another example of differing locations if that of the levator scapulae. Though the functions are the same which is to elevate the scapulae and shoulders, in humans it is located in the upper section of the dorsal side of the body behind the neck. In minks the levator scapulae is located lower down the back. The main similarities of the muscular system between minks and humans are both the name and functions of the muscles. For instance, the masseter elevates the mandible which helps in raising the lower jaw to close. Also there are the obliques and transversus abdominis that encloses the abdomen while the diaphragm separates the thoracic and pelvic cavities. The gastrocnemius muscles also have similar functions between the mink and humans which are the plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle and the flexion of the leg at the knee joint.
The human foot is an incredibly complex part of the body, it is made up of twenty-six bones which is fully twenty-five percent of the bones in the entire body. The structure of the forefoot includes the five metatarsal bones and the phalanges. The metatarsal bones are for forward movement and provides attachment for several tendons. The phalanges, also known as the toes, movement take place in the joints. The foot movement only has two movements; inversion and eversion. All the joints in the hindfoot and midfoot contributes to these complex movements. The foot has two significant functions: weight bearing and impulsion, which both requires a high degree of stability. The foot must also be flexible so it is able to adapt to uneven surfaces. The various bones and joints of the foot are what allows the foot to be flexible. In order for the foot to be able to support any weight the various of bones must form an arch. The foot has three arches that are maintain by the shape of the bones and by the ligaments. The arches are supported by the muscles and tendons. A foot is a strong, flexible, and durable it allows us to daily activities as we please while carrying all the
The purpose of the squat is to train the muscles around the knees and hip joints, as well as to develop strength in the lower back, for execution of basic skills required in many sporting events and activities of daily living. Because a strong and stable knee is extremely important to an athlete or patient’s success, an understanding of knee biomechanics while performing the squat is helpful to therapists, trainers, and athletes alike (11). Because most activities of daily living require the coordinated contraction of several muscle groups at once, and squatting (a multi-joint movement) is one of the few strength training exercises that is able to effectively recruit multiple muscle groups in a single movement, squats are considered one of the most functional and efficient weight-bearing exercises whether an individual’s goals are sport specific or are for an increased quality of life
If you are a dancer, parent of a dancer or a dance instructor you should know the