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Media effects on body image
marilyn monroe social impact the world
impact of media on body image
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Approximately 91% of women are unhappy with their bodies and resort to dieting to achieve their ideal body image (Cosslett, LucyBaxter). Before the beginning of the 20th century, most women who were considered attractive had bodies richly equipped with typically feminine curves. Researchers have stated that in former times the ideal of attractives, or being fat, was considered to be a status symbol. Between examining the careers of Marilyn Monroe and Kate Upton, one can see that over time society’s views of body image has evolved in very different ways.
Most of the time when females hear the word “curves” the first women that comes to mind is Marilyn Monroe. According to the article Cosmo Girl, “Marilyn Monroe graces the cover of the Playboy magazine, making her body type ‘large breasts and a curvy bottom’ the ideal.” She was born in 1926 with her original name Norma Jean (Owings). To become a star she changed her name and that’s where she got her start. With her signature curves and her sexual appeal, she was simply every girls idol and every man’s celebrity crush. She was a very talented women, she acted, sang, and modeled a little. Even though she was very popular, she was also very troubled. During film making she often seemed depressed (Owings). Finding confidence became a struggle for her and criticism from the paparazzi didn’t help. Rumours went around that President JFK was having an affair with Marilyn, which also didn’t help with her self-consciousness. American Society at that time was just as harsh as it is now. Especially when it comes to being famous and unique, like Marilyn. The author Lisa Owing states, “By 1962 Marilyn was perhaps more beautiful than she had ever been. At nearly 36 years old, she was trim, but ob...
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... Upton.” Newsmakers. Vol. 3. Detroit: Gale, 2013. Student Resources in Context. Web. 4 Feb 2014.
Lassek, WillGaulin, Steve. “Eternal Curves.” Psycology Today 45.4 (2012): 70. Mas Ultra - School Edition. Web. 17 Feb. 2014.
Owings, Lisa. Marilyn Monroe: Hollywood Icon. Minneapolis: ABDO Pub., 2012. Print.
Serdar, Kasey. "Female Body Image and the Mass Media: Perspectives on How Women Internalize the Ideal Beauty Standard." Westminster College: A Private Comprehensive Liberal Arts College in Salt Lake City, UT, Offering Undergraduate and Graduate Degrees in Liberal Arts and Professional Programs, including Business, Nursing, Education and Communication. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Mar. 2014.
Stein, Sadie. “For the Last Time: What Size was Marilyn Monroe?” Jezebel. N.p.,n.d. Wed. 18. Feb. 2014.
Willis, Laurie. The Culture of Beauty. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2011. Print.
Graydon, Shari. "How the Media Keeps Us Hung Up on Body Image." Herizons 22.1 (2008): n. pag. Web. 5 Mar 2010.
In recent years, sociologists, psychologists, and medical experts have gone to great lengths about the growing problem of body image. This literature review examines the sociological impact of media-induced body image on women, specifically women under the age of 18. Although most individuals make light of the ideal body image most will agree that today’s pop-culture is inherently hurting the youth by representing false images and unhealthy habits. The paper compares the media-induced ideal body image with significant role models of today’s youth and the surrounding historical icons of pop-culture while exploring various sociological perspectives surrounding this issue.
Marilyn Monroe created a legendary image and was one of the most beautiful women of her time. Today, Kate Upton is almost the same size and some refer to her as “fat.” The ideal image fifty years ago was much more attainable than today’s standard extremely tall and thin models. What has changed in society to make us think this way? Modeling has changed drastically from an image that was curvy and healthy to an image that is very thin and hard to achieve.
We hear sayings everyday such as “Looks don’t matter; beauty is only skin-deep”, yet we live in a decade that contradicts this very notion. If looks don’t matter, then why are so many women harming themselves because they are not satisfied with how they look? If looks don’t matter, then why is the media using airbrushing to hide any flaws that one has? This is because with the media establishing unattainable standards for body perfection, American Women have taken drastic measures to live up to these impractical societal expectations. “The ‘body image’ construct tends to comprise a mixture of self-perceptions, ideas and feelings about one’s physical attributes. It is linked to self-esteem and to the individual’s emotional stability” (Wykes 2). As portrayed throughout all aspects of our media, whether it is through the television, Internet, or social media, we are exploited to a look that we wish we could have; a toned body, long legs, and nicely delineated six-pack abs. Our society promotes a body image that is “beautiful” and a far cry from the average woman’s size 12, not 2. The effects are overwhelming and we need to make more suitable changes as a way to help women not feel the need to live up to these unrealistic standards that have been self-imposed throughout our society.
Throughout the century, the ideal image of a woman has changed drastically, which can be directly attributed to the powerful persuasion of media. This ideal image has transformed from a voluptuous, size 14, 1950’s Marilyn Monroe to a 5’9, 100 pound, 1990’s Kate Moss. The most shocking aspect is specifically what young girls are now doing to achieve this “Kate Moss” image. Through the utilization of advertisements and stars on the big screen, this female portrayal directly targets the physical and mental well-being of females in cultures across the globe.
Models of Rubens, Rembrandt, Gaugin and Matisse were all rounded, plump women.A plump and healthy women was admired as it reflected wealth and success.(14). Where as images of women have become slimmer since the 1950’s according to Jennifer A. (Australian journal of nutrition and dietetics).
Laurie was a size fourteen at age eleven and weighed one-hundred fifty-five pounds. She went through elementary school being the kid that everyone called fat and never felt love from any of her peers. Even a counselor at her after-school YMCA program made an example of her to the other children. The teacher told all the children that she used to be as big as Laurie. Putting aside all the criticism from her fellow peers and teachers she found the courage and strength to lose weight. She began doing sit-ups and eating “healthier”. In all reality, she was eating less and less every day. She went from a size fourteen to a nine and then from a nine to a five. This all happened to her between summer and Christmas. By the following summer Laurie was a size double zero. During the following school year, she was called to the nurse’s office to be weighed and the scale read ninety-seven pounds. Laurie had become anorexic from the mentally abusing childhood she experienced from her peers.
Every culture around the globe stresses specific ideals for body image. In the United States and many other countries, the media plays a big role in how we view ourselves- it shows us what is "good" and what is "bad." In many ways our society infiltrates our concept of ideal body image by setting unrealistic expectations for both genders. At an early age we are instructed to pay special attention to our appearance. A...
Wolf, Naomi. The Beauty Myth: How Images of Beauty Are Used Against Women. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1991.
According to Beverly Ballaro, the combination of two trends, the technology-enabled media saturation of the American public, and the promotion by this media of highly unattainable body types, is largely responsible for an epidemic of body image pathologies afflicting American girls and women, as well as an increasing number of boys and men. She also mentions that the media has given certain images for each gender. Generally, for females the body image is extremely thin, and there is an emphasis on large breasts and for males, tall, slender, muscular and toned. For both genders, the most valued and appreciated appearance i...
As prom season goes by, I realized there’s a problem with our society. If women have an hourglass shape or thin shaped body there being rated high on the scale of “the perfect body image." The media manipulates women by establishing an unachievable standard of beauty and body perfection. This manipulation has led women to dissatisfaction with their bodies.The media’s influence on body image has established an unachievable standard of beauty and body perfection.Images of women in magazines and on the television have impacted a woman's sense of body satisfaction.This has created an unhealthy obsession with images of beauty and the idea of perfection in our society.The media that controls the magazines and television has caused social pressures that mentally urge women to maintain the image that pertains to their ethnicity and culture. This has set a trend, indoctrinating female from childhood and adolescence which later on brainwashes them into maintaining a specific body image causing negative effects in adulthood.
In her novel “Beauty Myth”, Naomi Wolf argues that the beauty and fashion industry are to blame for using false images to portray what beautiful woman is. She believes the magazines are to blame for women hating their bodies. Wolf states, “When they discuss [their bodies], women lean forward, their voices lower. They tell their terrible secret. It’s my breast, they say. My hips. It’s my thighs. I hate my stomach.” (Wolf, 451) She is focusing on how w...
In Nio’s dissertation, she states, “today, we are living in an era and culture that place much emphasis on the physical attractiveness of both genders” (3). Early research on body image started around the 1930s (Nio, 18). Originally, the research on body images focused on women and men feeling fat, dieting, weighting themselves, and eating disorders (Reed,1). In a more recent research study, done by Fallon and Rosen, they dived body images into four categories; current, ideal, attractive, and other attractive. Current is the way subjects perceive their bodies now, whereas ideal is the image they would prefer to have. Attractive is an image that subjects believe is the most attractive to the opposite sex, conversely other attractive is the body image that subjects prefer in the opposite sex. Through this research it is concluded that women have a distorted view on the body images that mean find attractive (Reed, 4). This is because “researchers have found that images of women in the media have been getting thinner over the past four decades” (Nio, 5). This is what Nio calls the Thin-Ideal Syndrome caused by an unconscientious internalized sociocultural of the ideal standard of beauty. This creates the idea of beauty being almost synonymous with being thin
Hoover, Shelby. “Pop Culture’s Effect on Body Image| Popular Culture.” Popular Culture. N.p., 21 Feb. 2011. Web. 17 Jan. 2014.
The overwhelming idea of thinness is probably the most predominant and pressuring standard. Tiggeman, Marika writes, “This is not surprising when current societal standards for beauty inordinately emphasize the desirability of thinness, an ideal accepted by most women but impossible for many to achieve.” (1) In another study it is noted that unhealthy attitudes are the norm in term of female body image, “Widespread body dissatisfaction among women and girls, particularly with body shape and weight has been well documented in many studies, so much so that weight has been aptly described as ‘a normative discontent’”. (79) Particularly in adolescent and prepubescent girls are the effects of poor self-image jarring, as the increased level of dis...