Blood Glucose Monitoring
Introduction
Blood Glucose monitoring has seen many different technologies. From the basic needle testing technology to now used insulin pumps, the technology has seen many disruptive innovations, which together have shaped the market to the way it is now. In general, the major disruptive technologies in the blood glucose monitoring market can be summarized as follows:
1. Needle-prick detection- This technology involved the use of a needle to collect blood on a strip. The blood was later analyzed using a glucose meter to give the reading of blood glucose level. Even though the technology was simplistic and fairly accurate, the problems involved lack of compliance due to pain in finger pricking and blood loss.
2. Non-invasive glucose monitoring- This technology involved the use of innovative devices like watches that pulled the interstitial fluid non-invasively form under the skin and used this fluid in an in-built glucose monitor to give a blood glucose reading. Even though the development efforts for this project started in 1991, it was not until 2002 that the first non-invasive glucose monitor was approved. The advantages of this technology are the ease of use and continuous monitoring. However, initial devices struggled with accuracy and were extremely uncomfortable and unreliable for the patients.
3. Implantable glucose monitor with insulin pumps- This technology involves an implant of the glucose monitor in the body and continuously draws blood from one of the veins to take the blood glucose readings. The development of this technology began around the same time as non-invasive glucose monitoring. In the recent years, implantable blood glucose monitors have been combined with insulin pumps forming a feedback loop to automatically control the blood glucose levels in the body.
Development of Glucose monitoring technologies
Needle-prick method was one of the earliest innovations in blood glucose monitoring and stayed the gold standard for a while. Right from the time, Ames Company released Dextrosix in 1965, this invasive method of blood glucose technology advanced rapidly. Even though the first glucose meter took six years to follow the Dextrostix blood strip, advancements followed rapidly. There were 2 companies in the market in 1971, but by 1987, there were 20 companies in market working on producing a better glucose meter. By 1987, as standard glucose monitoring technologies were hitting a plateau in terms of innovation, an effort to begin low-cost glucose monitoring started. This effort was directed at making the glucose monitors easily available at home, making patient use easier.
... is a technique that monitors the glucose level without the use of needles. Another type of therapy is the artificial pancreas. It combines glucose sensing and insulin delivery through a closed loop system. Mimicking the human pancreas, this therapy would register the blood glucose levels and in response deliver the right amount of insulin.
Also, while the sensors have little competition and has proven to achieve gross margins of 40%, the low-end defibrillator market is full of competitors and has a limit of 25%. Even though switching to manufacturing high-end defibrillators could bring a gross margins of 40%, the market is limited by saturation and it will be too late to switch from low-end to high-end right
We then took 1ml of the 1% solution from test tube 1 using the glucose pipette and added it to test tube 2, we then used the H2O pipette and added 9ml of H2O into test tube 2 creating 10ml of 0.1% solution
During the year 1889, two researchers, Joseph Von Mering and Oskar Minkowski, had discovered the disease that is known today as diabetes. Diabetes is a disease in which the insulin levels (a hormone produced in unique cells called the islets of Langerhans found in the pancreas) in the bloodstream are irregular and therefore affect the way the body uses sugars, as well as other nutrients. Up until the 1920’s, it was known that being diagnosed with diabetes was a death sentence which usually affected “children and adults under 30.” Those who were diagnosed were usually very hungry and thirsty, which are two of the symptoms associated with diabetes. However, no matter how much they ate, their bodies wouldn’t be able to use the nutrients due to the lack of insulin. This would lead to a very slow and painful death. In 1922, four Canadian researchers by the names of Frederick G. Banting, Charles H. Best, John J.R. MacLeod, and James B. Collip had discovered a way to separate insulin in the pancreas of dogs and prepare it in such a way so that it can be used to treat diabetic patients. In the year 2008, there were 1,656,470 people who suffered from diabetes in Canada, and by 2010, it is predicted that this disease will take over the lives of 285 million people . Although there is no cure for diabetes, the treatment of prepared insulin is prolonging the lives of diabetics and allowing them to live freely. The discovery of insulin was important and significant in Canada’s history because Banting was a Canadian medical scientist who had a purpose in finding a treatment for diabetes, its discovery has saved lives and improved the quality of life of those suffering from this disease, and it showed the world Canada’s medical technology was ...
Insulin is by far the most influential discovery in Canadian and world history. In Canada in 2008/2009 there were 2.4 million people living with diabetes and there are many more today. With out the discovery of insulin many people would not be able to live full lives. However, the discovery of insulin was not just an accomplishment Fredrick Banting and his colleagues had developed in the 1920s, it was a product of timing and luck on Banting’s part and the idea that he took from others was the product that changed the century.
By the 1920s, diabetes was considered a global epidemic, affecting people across the globe. Scientists unanimously agreed that diabetes was “the failure of the pancreas to secrete enough of a certain mysterious substance necessary for the proper utilization of carbohydrates as a body fuel.”2 This had stumped scientists for years, and no sufficient cure or treatment had been found. However, in 1921, Toronto doctor Frederick Banting, assisted by J. Macleod, Charles Best, and Dr. J.B Collip successfully created insulin, which was subsequently tested on dogs with diabetes before experimenting on the first human, Leonard Thompson in
by the internal computers of the instrument, to create an image of internal body tissues. These images were then displayed on the screen for the user,
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Caster-Perry, Sarah. "This Week in Science History-Available Insulin." The Naked Scientists. The Naked Scientists, Apr 2009. Web. 16 Sep 2010.
Diabetes is a disease that is very common in the world. Early detection of diabetes can significantly decrease the risk of it getting worse throughout a person’s life. There are symptom...
Diabetes is an autoimmune disease that has affected more than 140 million people in the world. This disease, results from the attack of the killer T-cells of the immune system upon the ?-cells in the pancreas that produces insulin. (Lin et al., 2001). Until recently, this disease could only be treated with daily insulin injections and adherence to a strict, low glucose diet. With more than ninety percent of diabetics at risk for future complications like heart disease, blindness, and renal failure, diabetes has developed into more than just a medical issue. Diabetes is also becoming largely an emotional and economic issue. Victims of this disease have no choice but to adjust their lives around the only object that could change their lives?a daily injection that may cost 50% of the annual income in developing countries and up to 600% in non-developed countries. New technology th...
Neithercott, T. (Jan. 2012). Continuous Glucose Monitors. Diabetes Forecast, 65(1) 44-6. Magazine. Retrieved from ProQuest Research Library.
Insulin pumps help control diabetes more because you are getting constant amount of insulin all day. Also, having an insulin pump helps control diabetes more effectively because you are wearing the pump constantly and you only have to change the pump site every three days. It also helps because it gives more precise doses of insulin. Pumps reduce the amount of blood sugar swings, and also makes it easier to exercise and consume food throughout the day when needed. “According to the American Diabetes Association, the pump provides many advantages over shots. It delivers more accurate doses of insulin, reduces the number of blood sugar swings, provides flexibility of when a person eats and allows a person to exercise without consuming large amounts of carbohydrates.” (“Insulin Pumps Provide Control Over Diabetes; Those Considering the Device Need To Commit to Regular
MedlinePlus. (2012, June 02). Glucose Tolerance Test: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. Retrieved Feb. 3, 2014, from U.S National Library of Medicine: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003466.htm
Kirk, Julienne., Stegner, Jane., 2010. Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology: Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose: Practical Aspects. Retrieved from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2864180/