The Relevance of Evolutionary Theory in Biomedical Science

1603 Words4 Pages

Evolution has been arguably one of the largely discussed topics in the advanced institution of science. The theory of evaluation, first presented by Charlies Darwin (1990), states that all biotic organisms were developed and advanced from primitive organisms through gradual changes occurring over time. The relevance of this fundamental theory is witnessed throughout the disciplines of the pathology department in the subject area of biomedical science. Biomedical science consists of seven major disciplines; hematology, transfusion science, clinical chemistry, histology, virology, cytology, immunology and medical microbiology. However, significance of evolutionary theory had a drastic impact mostly on hematology and some virology.
The branch of hematology in biomedical science has a significant effect on society in the modern world. The understanding of several diseases that occur due to the nature of the blood are influenced by the scientific discipline of hematology. These are distinctively visible in the identification of diseases such as blood cancer, anemia and abnormalities of blood coagulation that are detected using hematological tests. Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization (FISH), Karyotype Test and Serum Ferritin are a few of the haematological tests that were carried out in biomedical science industry.
Hematology is the study of structure, function and pathological disorders in the blood. Blood consists of 55% plasma and 45% blood cells. Plasma is a mixture of 7% protein, 91% water and 2% other solutes. The types of proteins present in blood are albumin, globulin, and fibrinogen. Other remaining solutes consist of ions, nutrients, gases and respiratory substances and waste products. On the other hand, 250 to 400 thousand pla...

... middle of paper ...

...ialty_pages/pathology/haematology/working_life.aspx http://pathology.bsuh.nhs.uk/pathology/Default.aspx?tabid=108 http://www.ibms.org/go/biomedical-science/careers-jobs/haematology http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymorphism_(biology) http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org/content/110/7/2250.full http://www.pnas.org/content/104/44/17471.long http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org/content/115/23/4635.full http://www.dadamo.com/science_anthro.htm http://www.ibms.org/go/biomedical-science/careers-jobs/haematology http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24592274 http://www.blood.co.uk/about-blood/history/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1008528 http://www.sciencemag.org/content/152/3719/172.short http://anthro.palomar.edu/vary/vary_3.htm http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1537-2995.2009.02456.x/full#ss7
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/152/3719/172.short

Show More
Related

  • Blood Types And Carbohydrates Essay

    873 Words  | 2 Pages

    Blood types can be categorized in many different ways. Karl Landsteiner categorized “the first three blood groups…[as] A, B and C (subsequently renamed O from the German word “ohne” which means “without”)” (Franchini 1545). Each of these blood groups also have unique properties that give the blood an inability to mix with other blood types. For example, Landsteiner has found out that type-A red blood cells contains an A-antigen and anti-B in its serum (Franchini 1545). Type A blood contains the monosaccharides N-acetylglucosamine, galactose, fructose, and “a N-acetylgalactosamine attached to galactose” (Timberlake 556).The A-antigen is used as an identifier for the body to determine whether something in the bodies system belongs or ...

    Read More

  • Should Evolution be Taught in Schools?

    753 Words  | 2 Pages

    Darwin's theory of Evolution have been known by the world for many centuries. Even so, not all scientists supp...

    Read More

  • Essay On Blood Circulatory System

    1624 Words  | 4 Pages

    Blood Plasma: The blood plasma makes about 55% of the human blood and 45% is made of cells. The pH and salt concentration of the blood plasma is controlled by the kidneys. The blood plasma contains hormones and salts, it also excretory product such as carbon dioxide, urea and uric acid. Food molecules such as glucose, fatty acids and amino acid dissolves in the blood plasma. Most importantly, blood plasma contains plasma proteins which are essen...

    Read More

  • Diseases: Cancer Clusters

    1403 Words  | 3 Pages

    Penberthy, L., Gillam, C., Ginde, G., Mcclish, D., Peace, S., Gray, L., . . . Radhakrishnan, S. (2012). Hematologic malignancies: An opportunity to fill a gap in cancer surveillance. Cancer Causes and Control, 23(8), 1253-1264. doi:10.1007/s10552-012-0003-1

    Read More

  • A Rare Disease, Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria

    1791 Words  | 4 Pages

    Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare disease affecting 1-4 people per million. The median survival rate is 10-15 years, with 35% of patients diagnosed with PNH dying within five years3. PNH is characterized by thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, and thrombosis . Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria should be suspected when the patient has hemoglobinuria with a negative Coombs test, aplastic anemia, and myelodysplastic syndrome . PNH often goes undiagnosed and because of the high morbidity associated with PNH, it is necessary to establish an assay able to detect and diagnose PNH. Flow cytometery provides the best methodology for detection of PNH clones and it is both more sensitive and specific than current assays used such as Ham and Sucrose Hemolysis test. In addition, PNH tests are mail out, therefore, there exists potential revenue and cost savings if Baylor Scott and White is able to perform the assay in-house. A multiparameter flow cytometric assay will be modified that will be capable of monitoring and diagnosing PNH clones; thus improving the patient’s likelihood of survival and prognosis.

    Read More

  • Osmolarity Lab Report

    679 Words  | 2 Pages

    The blood cells suspended in an isotonic saline solution did not change in shape because the solute concentration within the blood cell was equal to that of the saline solution. A 3.0% NaCl solution yielded a hypertonic environment, indicating that there was a higher concentration of solutes outside the blood cell than inside of the cell thus causing cells to shrink as the water exited the cell (Table ). Quite oppositely, the cells that were suspended into a 0.2% saline solution swelled up and ultimately lysed (Table 1). This mixture was classified as hypotonic given that its solute concentration was lower than that of the cell, causing water to move into the cell. This solution was transparent after roughly 20 seconds, further validating that hemolysis had taken place. The isotonic and hypertonic solutions resulted in a turbid appearance, indicating no hemolysis (Meiselman et al.

    Read More

  • Scientific Theory: The Evolutionary Theory

    1326 Words  | 3 Pages

    What is a scientific theory? How does the scientific use of theory differ from common uses of the word theory? What effect does this have on public discussion about Darwinian Evolution?

    Read More

  • Rheumatoid Arthritis: Causes, Treatments, and Future Cure

    1253 Words  | 3 Pages

    Rodak, B. F., Fritsma, g. A., & Doig, K. (2007). Hematology: Clinical Principles and applications. St. louis: Saunders Elsevier.

    Read More

  • Circulatory System Essay

    1528 Words  | 4 Pages

    Blood is the fluid that transports many substances around the body; oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, waste, nutrients. There are four main components to blood, these are plasma, erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells) and thrombocytes (platelets). Platelets and red and white blood cells are produced in bone marrow. There are four main blood groups: A, B, O and AB. Red blood cells sometimes contain the RhD antigen, if blood contains this antigen then the blood group is RhD positive, if it doesn’t the blood group is RhD

    Read More

  • Becoming A Hematologist Essay

    508 Words  | 2 Pages

    A hematologist is a specialist in the science or study of blood, blood-forming organs and blood diseases. The medical aspect of hematology is concerned with the treatment of blood disorders and malignancies, including types of hemophilia, leukemia, lymphoma and sickle-cell anemia. Hematology is a branch of internal medicine that deals with the physiology, pathology, etiology, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and prevention of blood-related disorders.

    Read More

  • Blood Typing And Blood Types

    919 Words  | 2 Pages

    In this particular discussion we will be comparing the different blood groups and how they are structured in preventing complications.

    Read More

  • Evolution Applied to Human Health and Medicine

    1907 Words  | 4 Pages

    Evolution is defined as a gradual process in which organisms become better adapted to their environment through gradual changes that occur from generation to generation. Throughout the history of life, the human species has changed to become better suited to the environment. All of the changes have ultimately resulted from mutations, which occur at the gene level. Pathogens such as bacteria or viruses that live inside of our cells have had a major influence upon our evolution (Parks, Panelli & Weinstein, 2003). Pathogens have affected our evolution in two major ways, which I will focus on: antibiotic resistance and virulence. Virulence has also changed in regards to ways of reproduction and establishing a higher rate of fitness. Other than pathogens, the human body has evolved to develop processes in which the cells are better protected (Parks, Panelli & Weinstein, 2003). These processes are referred to as the defense mechanisms, or immune system. Due to the ongoing change in human health and medicine, evolution has been selective to provide the human species with a higher level of fitness.

    Read More

  • Hemoglobin Essay

    525 Words  | 2 Pages

    Hemoglobin functions as transporter of oxygen molecular. The hemoglobin picks up O2 from the pulmonary system and delevers it to the body cells. oxyhemoglobin is a hemoglobin louded with O2 and deoxyhemoglobin is not louded with O2 . Blood in arteries is brighter red than the blood in veins. Hemoglobin molecule has four units of globin in addition to four units of heme. Estimation of serum Hb is a test that measures the level of free Hb in the liquid part of the blood (the serum). This test is done to diagnose or monitor the severity of a low RBC count caused by the abnormal breakdown of RBCs). Standard blood tests can also be performed on the blood that extracted from the arteries, like determining glucose level, hemoglobins and dys-haemoglobins, and electrolytes. The abnormal result indicate: -Drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia-G6PD deficiency-Hemoglobin C disease-Hereditary spherocytosis-Idiopathic autoimmune hemolytic anemia-Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH)-Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)-Sickle cell anemia-Thalassemia. An arterial blood gas (ABG) is a bloo...

    Read More

  • Importance Of Histopathology And Molecular Pathology

    1262 Words  | 3 Pages

    Histopathology and molecular pathology both fall within the medical science branch of pathology where the primary concern is the examination of tissues, body fluids, and organs to aid in the diagnosis of diseases.

    Read More

  • Evolution of Science

    895 Words  | 2 Pages

    The idea of a world progressing, or evolving, in science hasn’t been around forever. In fact, the Enlightenment period in the seventeen hundreds with scientists such as Isaac Newton the man who discovered gravity, Louis Pasteur the chemist who invented the vaccine to prevent rabies, Charles Darwin the father of evolution, Benjamin Franklin the first scientist to toy with the dangers and possibilities of electricity, and so many more wonderful scientists was the start of the “progress” that revolutionized our world. Of the scientists who progressed our world, few shaped modern biology the way Charles Darwin managed to. Thomas Kuhn saw the progress people like Darwin made not as truth seeking, but simply as filling in another piece of the puzzle of science, challenging the very definition of the Scientific Revolution. After reviewing Kuhn’s idea of science, Darwin appears to play a substantial role in the paradigm shift from the science of old to new. Kuhn looked at Darwin and saw science evolve much as Darwin’s organisms appeared to evolve

    Read More

More about The Relevance of Evolutionary Theory in Biomedical Science

Open Document