St Thomas Becket (December 21, 1118 – December 29, 1170) was Archbishop of Canterbury from 1162 to 1170. He engaged in a conflict with King Henry II over the rights and privileges of the Church and was assassinated by followers of the king in Canterbury Cathedral.
Life before his consecration
Thomas Becket (also known as Thomas à Becket, although many people consider this incorrect)[1] was born in London sometime between 1115 and 1120, though most authorities agree that he was born December 21, 1118, at Cheapside, to Gilbert of Thierceville, Normandy, and Rosea or Matilda of Caen. His parents were of the upper-middle class near Rouen, and Thomas never knew hardship as a child.
One of Thomas's father's rich friends, Richer de L'aigle, was attracted to the sisters of Thomas. He often invited Thomas to his estates in Sussex. There, Thomas learned to ride a horse, hunt, behave, and engage in popular sports such as jousting. When he was 10, Becket received an excellent education in "Civil & Canon Law" at Merton Priory in England, and then overseas at Paris, Bologna, and Auxerre. Richer was later a signer at the Constitution of Clarendon against Thomas.
Upon returning to the Kingdom of England, he attracted the notice of Theobald, Archbishop of Canterbury, who entrusted him with several important missions to Rome and finally made him archdeacon of Canterbury and provost of Beverley. He so distinguished himself by his zeal and efficiency that Theobald commended him to King Henry II when the important office of Lord Chancellor was vacant.
Henry, like all the Norman kings, desired to be absolute ruler of his dominions, both Church and State, and could find precedents in the traditions of the throne when he planned to do away...
... middle of paper ...
...ve inspired the masonic legend of the death of Hiram Abif. This theory included reference to a company of masons in the City of London making a procession to St Thomas's Chapel on his saint's day. He suggests that they may have been an emblematic performance concerning the death of Thomas on that day. They also supported St Thomas's Hospital which was the headquarters of the Knights of St Thomas, a military order, during the crusades which was very close to the Templars.
St Thomas of Canterbury remains the patron saint of Roman Catholic secular clergy. In the Roman Catholic calendar of saints, his annual feast day is 29 December.
The Becket Fund for Religious Liberty, a nonprofit, nonpartisan, interfaith, legal and educational institute dedicated to protecting the free expression of all religious traditions, took its inspiration and namesake from Thomas Becket.
The first appeal that Henry uses in his speech is ethos which appeals to ethics. Evidence from the text is, “fulfill the great responsibility which we hold to God and our country” (lines 13-14). This shoes that God has credibility. It also shows that you need to respect God over Britain. The next piece of evidence that I found in the speech is whenever the text said, “…and of an act of disloyalty towards the majesty of heaven, which I revere above all earthly kings” (lines 16-17). This is saying that you should respect God above man. That is two ways how Henry used the ethical appeal, ethos.
Thomas Cromwell was born in 1485 as most historians have come to believe; but are not completely certain; in Putney, Surrey to Walter and Catherine. Cromwell had two sisters who both married well, the eldest Catherine married a lawyer, and Elizabeth married a well do sheep farmer. His father Walter tried his hand at various odd jobs, a brewer, blacksmith, and fuller. Walter was also known for his temper and drunkenness. Thomas however did not have the benefits of his sisters. He left his unhappy home at age
With any new monarch’s ascension to the throne, there comes with it changes in the policies of the country. From Elizabeth’s new council, to Henry’s documented polices and even to William the Silent’s inaction in response to threats were all policies that needed to be worked out by the new rulers. This group of rulers all had something in common; they chose to let their people make their religious preference solely on their beliefs but they all differed in their ways of letting this come about. This was monumental for the time period in which they lived, but it was something that needed to be done to progress national unity.
Highly recognized by people, saints are famous around the world by people of all different backgrounds. Many different Christian-based religions have or use saints as a purpose to get people to pray more often than they would usually, or have them to be used as “communion saints”. There are over 10,000 saints, many with different backgrounds, histories, and meanings. Some of them are patron saints, which shield or protect a certain person, place, or thing. Saints can mean a lot of different things to people, with some of the most famous ones being Joan of Arc, Saint Agnes, Saint Peter, Saint Patrick, and more, But one of them, Saint Kateri Tekakwitha, is easily overlooked and stands for a greater message even through her hard times.
One of the key words in his dialogue is 'honour' because in Elizabethan times honour was bound up with ideas of nobility and manliness. Henry has constant reference to the divine, to get permission for his actions, 'God's will.' Additionally there is various uses of semantic fields, associated with religion, God, covet, honour and sin; all taken from the bible. Henry applies a very close relationship term, 'cuz.'
At Christ Church Locke immersed himself deeply in many various subjects. An apparent interest in experimental science soon became one of Locke’s main focuses at this school. Very little is known of Locke’s early medical studies but Locke’s apparent knowledge of medicine led him to eventually meet Lord Ashley, who later became known as Earl of Shaftsbury. The two grew extremely close and Shaftsbury was able to persuade John Locke to move with him to London in order to become his own primary physician. John Locke’s responsibilities grew along with Shaftsbury's political stature. Locke was soon seen as indispensable in many domestic and political matters in the eyes of Shaftesbury, as well as many others.
He was found praying somewhere other than a church. In that era a church was called a chapel. This is also around the time he started learning to be a Quaker. Thomas Loe was influential in this part of his life.
After letting the church convince him to go war something changed in henry. His mood changes because he was ready for war after the unexpected gift of tennis balls from the Dauphin. Henry stated whatever happens it’s the will of God. Yes, the childish gift from the Dauphin offends him but instead of conquering France out of anger. The Church influences him to fight with God on his side and God will lead him to victory. As Henry put all his trust in God that demonstrated another characteristic of an ideal Christian king. Regardless of what he might face, he has no fear because he knows that God is with him.
In 1646 Locke attended Westminster School in London and graduated in 1652. That same year he began attending Oxford University. There he learned Latin, logic and metaphysics. Finally in 1656 he completed his B.A.. However he did not leave the school, but tutored there for 3-4 years first a lecturer of Greek in 1658 and then as lecturer of rhetoric in 1663. That year he decided to become a doctor and began studying. During this time, the ideas of Robert Boyle and Descartes heavily impacted him and applied their ideas to philosophy.
For people in England , there was always the real problem - do you obey the king or the pope ? In fact, this was rarely a problem as both kings and popes tended to act together as both wanted to remain powerful. On two occasions they fell out - one involved the Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Becket, and the other Henry VIII.
I side with Loades on this as despite resentment from the nobles, after the Perkin Warbeck imposture there were no more serious uprisings which strongly support the success of Henry’s policies. Whilst most nobles would see his methods as unjust (especially the wide of use bonds and recognisances) Henry succeeded in increasing the crown’s standing at the expense of the nobility, securing his position whilst weakening the nobles. Through most of his policies Henry was successful in limiting the powers of nobility. Henry sought to restrict the noble’s power and yet at the same time needed them to keep order and represent him at local levels, therefore Henry sought not to destroy the nobles but to weaken them enough that they did not pose a threat, he needed a balance of control over the nobles and strong nobility.
Thomas Becket, also known as Thomas a Becket, was born on December 21, 1118 and was murdered on December 29, 1170. He was born in Cheapside, London and was the son of Gilbert and Matilda Becket. One of Becket’s achievements was that he was announced Archbishop of Canterbury from 1162 until the day of his death.
In the 14th century, war, and violence were prevalent. The Canterbury Tales were written during the Hundred Years War, when the Catholic Church was dealing with the Western schism, and “Against the darkest period of his life…” (Bloom 14). The story is centered on a group of thirty pilgrims who are traveling to the shrine of St. Thomas at Canterbury (Bloom 14). The pilgrims are all focused on a theme which is backed by the story’s underlying tone of religion.
Becket’s actions are correct, but they lack the right intentions. When Becket returns to England, he is confronted by four tempters. Three of them are sent by the king, offering things such as materialistic goods,